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Enrichment of anammox biomass during mainstream wastewater treatment driven by achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 181-194页

作者： Yuqing Ma Bo Wang Xiaodi Li Shuo Wang Wen Wang Yongzhen Peng National engineering Laboratory for advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse technology Engineering Research Center of BeijingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

Anammox is widely considered as the most cost-effective and sustainable process for nitrogen removal.However,how to achieve the enrichment of anammox biomass remains a challenge for its large-scale application,especially in mainstream wastewater treatment.In this study,the feasibility of enrichment of anammox biomass was explored through the realization of partial denitrification and the addition of bio-carriers.By using ordinary activated sludge,a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)followed by an up-fow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)was operated at 25±2℃ for 214 days.The long-term operation was divided into five phases,in which SBR and UASB were started-up in Phases I and II,respectively.By eliminating oxygen and adjusting the infow ratios in Phases III-V,advanced nitrogen removal was achieved with the effuent total nitrogen being 4.7 mg/L and the nitrogen removal efficiency being 90.5%in Phase V.Both in-situ and ex-situ activity tests demonstrated the occurrence of partial denitrification and anammox.Moreover,16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Candidatus Brocadia was enriched from below the detection limit to in biofilms(0.4%in SBR,2.2%in UASB)and the foc sludge(0.2%in SBR,1.3%in UASB),while Thauera was mainly detected in the foc sludge(8.1%in SBR,8.8%in UASB),which might play a key role in partial denitrification.Overall,this study provides a novel strategy to enrich anammox biomass driven by rapid achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers,which will improve large-scale application of anammox processes in mainstream wastewater treatment.

关键词： Enrichment Anammox biomass Bio-carriers Partial denitrification Mainstream wastewater

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Microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanism of high -performance powder metallurgy TA15 titanium alloy by hot rolling

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1426-1436页

作者： Ying Gao Ce Zhang Jiazhen Zhang Xin Lu Beijing advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsInstitute for Advanced Ma-terials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National engineering research Center for advanced Rolling technology National Engineering Research Center for Flat Rolling EquipmentInstitute of Engin-eering TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Hot deformation of sintered billets by powder metallurgy(PM)is an effective preparation technique for titanium alloys,which is more significant for high-alloying alloys.In this study,Ti–6.5Al–2Zr–Mo–V(TA15)titanium alloy plates were prepared by cold press-ing sintering combined with high-temperature hot rolling.The microstructure and mechanical properties under different process paramet-ers were investigated.Optical microscope,electron backscatter diffraction,and others were applied to characterize the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties strengthening mechanism.The results showed that the chemical compositions were uniformly dif-fused without segregation during sintering,and the closing of the matrix craters was accelerated by increasing the sintering temperature.The block was hot rolled at 1200℃ with an 80%reduction under only two passes without annealing.The strength and elongation of the plate at 20–25℃ after solution and aging were 1247 MPa and 14.0%,respectively,which were increased by 24.5%and 40.0%,respect-ively,compared with the as-sintered alloy at 1300℃.The microstructure was significantly refined by continuous dynamic recrystalliza-tion,which was completed by the rotation and dislocation absorption of the substructure surrounded by low-angle grain boundaries.After hot rolling combined with heat treatment,the strength and plasticity of PM-TA15 were significantly improved,which resulted from the dense,uniform,and fine recrystallization structure and the synergistic effect of multiple slip systems.

关键词： elemental powder powder metallurgy titanium alloy hot rolling strength and plasticity

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Plasma-exfoliated g-C_(3)N_(4) with oxygen doping: tailoring photocatalytic properties

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2024年第2期18卷 27-39页

作者： Yuxin Li Junxin Guo Rui Han Zhao Wang National engineering research centre of Industry Crystallization technology School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Heteroatom doping and defect engineering have been proposed as effective ways to modulate the energy band structure and improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C_(3)N_(4). In this work, ultrathin defective g-C_(3)N_(4) was successfully prepared using cold plasma. Plasma exfoliation reduces the thickness of g-C_(3)N_(4) from 10 nm to 3 nm, while simultaneously introducing a large number of nitrogen defects and oxygen atoms into g-C_(3)N_(4). The amount of doped O was regulated by varying the time and power of the plasma treatment. Due to N vacancies, O atoms formed strong bonds with C atoms, resulting in O doping in g-C_(3)N_(4). The mechanism of plasma treatment involves oxygen etching and gas expansion. Photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that appropriate amount of O doping improved the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B compared with pure g-C_(3)N_(4). The introduction of O optimized the energy band structure and photoelectric properties of g-C_(3)N_(4). Active species trapping experiments revealed ·O_(2)^(–) as the main active species during the degradation.

关键词： graphitic carbon nitride cold plasma oxygen doping nitrogen defect visible-light photocatalysis

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Laser‑Induced and MOF‑Derived Metal Oxide/Carbon Composite for Synergistically Improved Ethanol Sensing at Room temperature

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 210-220页

作者： Hyeongtae Lim Hyeokjin Kwon Hongki Kang Jae Eun Jang Hyuk‑Jun Kwon Department of Electrical engineering and Computer Science DGISTDaegu 42988South Korea Convergence research advanced centre for Olfaction DGISTDaegu 42988South Korea

Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric monitoring.Notably,metal oxide and carbon(MO_(x)/C)hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing performance.However,previous methods of synthesizing MO_(x)/C composites suffer from problems,including inhomogeneity,aggregation,and challenges in micropatterning.Herein,we introduce a refined method that employs a metal–organic framework(MOF)as a precursor combined with direct laser writing.The inherent structure of MOFs ensures a uniform distribution of metal ions and organic linkers,yielding homogeneous MO_(x)/C structures.The laser processing facilitates precise micropatterning(research opens up promising avenues for practical applications in MOF-derived sensing devices.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Metal oxide Carbon composite Laser Gas sensor

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Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH3536-TiB2 composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2107-2124页

作者： ZHOU ShiPeng WANG Shuai HUANG LuJun ZHANG Rui CHEN Xin MENG FanChao CHEN Run SUN FengBo WANG CunYu GENG Lin School of Materials Science and engineering Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of Technology Waikato centre for advanced Materials and Manufacturing School of Engineering University of Waikato

The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH3536-TiB2composites fabricated by powder metallurgy（PM）were examined in the temperature range of 950–1150°C and strain rate range of 0.001–1 s-1. The hot compression stress-strain curves and the constitutive equation were obtained. In addition, the hot processing map was drawn, which indicated that the appropriate hot working window was 950–1050°C/0.001–0.1 s-1and 1050–1100°C/0.001–0.01 s-1. The microstructure analysis showed that the splitting and spheroidization of M3B2led to a decrease in size and volume fraction at 950–1100°C. At 1150°C,the eutectic microstructure of M3B2+ γ was formed due to the dissolution of M3B2, which caused macroscopic cracking of the deformed sample. Additionally, the deformation temperature and the strain rate had little effect on the size and volume fraction of M3B2. Besides, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization（DDRX） and continuous dynamic recrystallization（CDRX） were found in the deformed microstructure, while the former was dominant. Within the test range of this work, the dynamic recrystallization（DRX） fraction of the deformed composites was high due to the bulging nucleation of numerous interfaces. The DRX grain size increased with increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate. Texture analysis showed that the deformation texture of //compression direction RD existed in the matrix when the deformation temperature was below 1100°C, and the texture type became //RD at 1100°C. Additionally, it was also found that the //RD texture was formed in M3B2under the strain rates of 0.1 and 0.01 s-1.

关键词： GH3536 alloy matrix composites powder metallurgy hot deformation behavior microstructure evolution

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On-demand engineerable visible spectrum by fine control of electrochemical reactions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 239-249页

作者： Qirong Liu Lei Liu Yongping Zheng Min Li Baofu Ding Xungang Diao Hui-Ming Cheng Yongbing Tang advanced Energy Storage technology research Center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Energy and Power engineering North University of China School of Resource Environment and Safety EngineeringHunan University of Science and Technology School of Energy and Power engineering Beihang University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tunability of optical performance is one of the key technologies for adaptive optoelectronic applications,such as camouflage clothing, displays, and infrared shielding. High-precision spectral tunability is of great importance for some special applications with on-demand adaptability but remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a galvanostatic control strategy to achieve this goal, relying on the finding of the quantitative correlation between optical properties and electrochemical reactions within materials. An electrochromic electro-optical efficiency index is established to optically fingerprint and precisely identify electrochemical redox reactions in the electrochromic device. Consequently, the charge-transfer process during galvanostatic electrochemical reaction can be quantitatively regulated, permitting precise control over the final optical performance and on-demand adaptability of electrochromic devices as evidenced by an ultralow deviation of research in a wide range of spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and material chemistry.

关键词： electrochromics fine control spectral tunability high precision galvanostatic control

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Effect of the anionic composition of sulfolane based electrolytes on the performances of lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 231-240页

作者： Elena V.Karaseva Elena V.Kuzmina Bo-Quan Li Qiang Zhang Vladimir S.Kolosnitsyn Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal research centre of the Russian Academy of Science advanced research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction engineering and technology Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University

In lithium-sulfur batteries,cell design,specifically electrolyte design,has a key impact on the battery performance.The effect of lithium salt anion donor number（DN）(DN[PF6]-=2.5,DN[N（SO2CF3）2]-=5.4,DN[ClO4]-=8.4,DN[SO3CF3]-=16.9,and DN[NO3]-=21.1) on the patterns of lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium metal electrode performances with sulfola ne-based electrolytes is investigated.An increase in DN of lithium salt anions leads to an increase in the depth and rate of electrochemical reduction of sulfur and long-chain lithium polysulfides and to a decrease in those for medium-and short-chain lithium polysulfides.DN of lithium salt anions has weak effect on the discharge capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries and the Coulomb efficiency during cycling,with the exception of LiSO3CF3and LiNO3.An increase in DN of lithium salt anions leads to an increase in the cycling duration of lithium metal anodes and to a decrease in the presence of lithium polysulfides.In sulfolane solutions of LiNO3and LiSO3CF3,lithium polysulfides do not affect the cycling duration of lithium metal anodes.

关键词： Donor number Electrolyte Lithium metal electrode Lithium polysulfide Lithium salt Lithium-sulfur battery Sulfolane

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Effect of post rolling stress on phase transformation behavior of microalloyed dual phase steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 688-699页

作者： Wen-quan Sun Sheng-yi Yong Tie-heng Yuan Ting-song Yang An-rui He Chao Liu Rui-chun Guo National engineering research Center for advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The slow phase transformation of microalloyed dual phase steel makes the nonuniform stress and temperature fields during the post rolling cooling process have a significant impact on the phase transformation process.Given the relatively slow phase transformation of DP780 steel within the microalloyed dual phase steel series,the influence of stress on the phase transformation behavior of DP780 steel was investigated.To quantify the nonuniform thermal and stress conditions in the steel coil,a thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model of the hot-rolled strip cooling process was established.Based on the simulation data,DP780 steel was chosen as the research material,and Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation equipment was used for experimental validation.The thermal expansion curves were analyzed through regression to establish the dynamic model of DP780 steel phase transformation under stress.Subsequently,metallographic analysis was conducted to determine phase transformation type and grain size of DP780 steel.The results confirmed that the stress promotes the occurrence of semi-diffusion-type bainite transformation.Furthermore,an appropriate level of stress facilitates the growth of bainitic grains,while the increased stress inhibits the growth of ferritic grains.

关键词： Microalloyed dual phase steel Stress Bainitic transformation Grain Finite element method

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Bioactive citrate-based polyurethane tissue adhesive for fast sealing and promoted wound healing

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 69-81页

作者： Yan Li Jiawei Liu Chenxi Lian He Yang Mingjiang Zhang Youfa Wang Honglian Dai State Key Laboratory of advanced technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Guangdong Laboratory Chaozhou 521000China Shenzhen research Institute of Wuhan University of technology Shenzhen 518000China

As a superior alternative to sutures,tissue adhesives have been developed significantly in recent years.However,existing tissue adhesives struggle to form fast and stable adhesion between tissue interfaces,bond weakly in wet environments and lack bioactivity.In this study,a degradable and bioactive citrate-based polyurethane adhesive is constructed to achieve rapid and strong tissue adhesion.The hydrophobic layer was created with polycaprolactone to overcome the bonding failure between tissue and adhesion layer in wet environments,which can effectively improve the wet bonding strength.This citrate-based polyurethane adhesive provides rapid,non-invasive,liquid-tight and seamless closure of skin incisions,overcoming the limitations of sutures and commercial tissue adhesives.In addition,it exhibits biocompatibility,biodegradability and hemostatic properties.The degradation product citrate could promote the process of angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing.This study provides a novel approach to the development of a fast-adhering wet tissue adhesive and provides a valuable contribution to the development of polyurethane-based tissue adhesives.

关键词： tissue adhesive polyurethane citrate wet adhesion

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Insight into the capacity degradation and structural evolution of single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 68-76页

作者： Xiaodong Zhang Jiao Lin Ersha Fan Qingrong Huang Su Ma Renjie Chen Feng Wu Li Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing advanced technology research Institute Beijing Institute of Technology

Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes are a promising candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their higher structural and cycling stability than polycrystalline materials. However, the phase evolution and capacity degradation of these single-crystal cathodes during continuous lithation/delithation cycling remains unclear. Understanding the mapping relationship between the macroscopic electrochemical properties and the material physicochemical properties is crucial. Here, we investigate the correlation between the physical-chemical characteristics, phase transition, and capacity decay using capacity differential curve feature identification and in-situ X-ray spectroscopic imaging. We systematically clarify the dominant mechanism of phase evolution in aging cycling. Appropriately high cut-off voltages can mitigate the slow kinetic and electrochemical properties of single-crystal cathodes. We also find that second-order differential capacity discharge characteristic curves can be used to identify the crystal structure disorder of Ni-rich cathodes. These findings constitute a step forward in elucidating the correlation between the electrochemical extrinsic properties and the physicochemical intrinsic properties and provide new perspectives for failure analysis of layered electrode materials.

关键词： Capacity decay Differential capacity analysis Phase transition Single-crystal cathodes

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