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Deep eutectic solvents:Green multi-task agents for sustainable super green hydrogen technologies

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 357-382页

作者： Raiyan Al-Farsi Maan Hayyan Renewable Energy engineering program Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyMuscat UniversityMuscat 130Oman Chemical engineering program Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyMuscat UniversityMuscat 130Oman

While reliance on renewable energy resources has become a reality, there is still a need to deploy greener and more sustainable methods in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Indeed, green hydrogen is currently believed to be a reliable solution for global warming and the pollution challenges arising from fossil fuels, making it the resilient fuel of the future. However, the sustainability of green hydrogen technologies is yet to be achieved. In this context, generation of green hydrogen with the aid of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) as green mixtures has been demonstrated as a promising research area. This systematic review article covers green hydrogen generation through water splitting and biomass fermentation when DESs are utilized within the generation process. It also discusses the incorporation of DESs in fuel cell technologies. DESs can play a variety of roles such as solvent, electrolyte, or precursor;colloidal suspension and reaction medium;galvanic replacement, shape-controlling, decoration, or extractive agent;finally oxidant. These roles are relevant to several methods of green hydrogen generation, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and fermentation. As such, it is of utmost importance to screen potential DES formulations and determine how they can function in and contribute throughout the green hydrogen mobility stages. The realization of super green hydrogen generation stands out as a pivotal milestone in our journey towards achieving a more sustainable form of development;DESs have great potential in making this milestone achievable. Overall, incorporating DESs in hydrogen generation constitutes a promising research area and offers potential scalability for green hydrogen production, storage,transport, and utilization.

关键词： Watersplitting Biohydrogen Super green hydrogen Electrocatalysis Photocatalysis Fuel cell Power-to-X

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The influence of stress-dependent overpotential on dendrite growth in all-solid-state battery with cracks

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2493-2504页

作者： ZHANG ZhenHua ZHANG Yong LIU Chang HOU Xu WANG Jie Department of engineering mechanics School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhejiang University School of Aerospace engineering and Applied mechanics Tongji University Applied mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Department of Industrial and Systems engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Zhejiang Laboratory Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University

Dendrite growth is one of the main challenges in maintaining the service life of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Mechanical stress has been reported to significantly affect dendrite growth. In this study, to explain the effect of mechanical stress on electrochemical reactions in all-solid-state batteries, a modified phase-field model for dendrite growth is proposed by considering the stress-dependent overpotential. Dendrite growth under different mechanical loadings in an all-solid-state battery is investigated using the proposed model. Consistent with previous experimental results, the current result shows that compressive stress inhibits dendrite growth. Considering the stress concentration at the tips of processing-induced microcracks, the effects of the number and distribution of microcracks on dendrite growth are investigated. The results show that the stress-concentration field induced at the tips of cracks or voids can change the morphology of dendrites and decrease their growth rates. This study provides a new perspective for explaining Li dendrite growth under mechanical stress and offers inspiration for prolonging the service life of all-solid-state batteries based on defect and stress regulation, which may be further realized in experiments by filling solid electrolytes with different types of nanofillers.

关键词： Butler–Volmer equation stress-dependent overpotential microcracks all-solid-state battery phase-field simulation

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Modeling the Interaction between Vacancies and Grain Boundaries during Ductile Fracture

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 2019-2034页

作者： Mingjian Li Ping Yang Pengyang Zhao Department of engineering mechanics School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

The experimental results in previous studies have indicated that during the ductile fracture of pure metals,vacancies aggregate and form voids at grain ***,the physical mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains not fully *** study derives the equilibrium distribution of vacancies analytically by following thermodynamics and the micromechanics of crystal *** derivation suggests that vacancies cluster in regions under hydrostatic compression to minimize the elastic strain ***,a finite element model is developed for examining more general scenarios of interaction between vacancies and grain *** model is first verified and validated through comparison with some available analytical solutions,demonstrating consistency between finite element simulation results and analytical solutions within a specified numerical accuracy.A systematic numerical study is then conducted to investigate the mechanism that might govern the micromechanical interaction between grain boundaries and the profuse vacancies typically generated during plastic *** simulation results indicate that the reduction in total elastic strain energy can indeed drive vacancies toward grain boundaries,potentially facilitating void nucleation in ductile fracture.

关键词： Ductile fracture vacancy grain boundary micromechanical finite element method

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Observation of ballistic-diffusive thermal transport in GaN transistors using thermoreflectance thermal imaging

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 389-394页

作者： Zhi-Ke Liu Yang Shen Han-Ling Li Bing-Yang Cao Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

To develop effective thermal management strategies for gallium-nitride (GaN) transistors, it is essential to accurately predict the device junction temperature. Since the width of the heat generation in the devices is comparable to phonon mean free paths (MFPs) of GaN, phonon ballistic transport exists and can significantly affect the heat transport process.

关键词： temperature. transistors GaN

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A brief review on the recent development of phonon engineering and manipulation at nanoscales

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 177-206页

作者： Siqi Xie Hongxin Zhu Xing Zhang Haidong Wang Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Phonons are the quantum mechanical descriptions of vibrational modes that manifest themselves in many physical properties of condensed matter systems. As the size of electronic devices continues to decrease below mean free paths of acoustic phonons, the engineering of phonon spectra at the nanoscale becomes an important topic. Phonon manipulation allows for active control and management of heat fow, enabling functions such as regulated heat transport. At the same time, phonon transmission, as a novel signal transmission method, holds great potential to revolutionize modern industry like microelectronics technology, and boasts wide-ranging applications. Unlike fermions such as electrons, polarity regulation is difficult to act on phonons as bosons, making the development of effective phonon modulation methods a daunting *** work reviews the development of phonon engineering and strategies of phonon manipulation at different scales, reports the latest research progress of nanophononic devices such as thermal rectifiers, thermal transistors, thermal memories, and thermoelectric devices,and analyzes the phonon transport mechanisms involved. Lastly, we survey feasible perspectives and research directions of phonon engineering. Thermoelectric analogies, external field regulation, and acousto-optic co-optimization are expected to become future research hotspots.

关键词： phonon engineering phononic device nanoscale

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A comprehensive review on microchannel heat sinks for electronics cooling

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 133-162页

作者： Zhi-Qiang Yu Mo-Tong Li Bing-Yang Cao Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

The heat generation of electronic devices is increasing dramatically,which causes a serious bottleneck in the thermal management of electronics,and overheating will result in performance deterioration and even device *** the development of micro-machining technologies,the microchannel heat sink(MCHS)has become one of the best ways to remove the considerable amount of heat generated by high-power *** has the advantages of large specific surface area,small size,coolant saving and high heat transfer *** paper comprehensively takes an overview of the research progress in MCHSs and generalizes the hotspots and bottlenecks of this *** heat transfer mechanisms and performances of different channel structures,coolants,channel materials and some other influencing factors are ***,this paper classifies the heat transfer enhancement technology and reviews the related studies on both the single-phase and phase-change flow and heat *** comprehensive review is expected to provide a theoretical reference and technical guidance for further research and application of MCHSs in the future.

关键词： microchannel heat sink thermal management of electronics microscale heat transfer heat transfer enhancement

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Resolving aging dynamics of a 3D colloidal glass

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 110-118页

作者： XiaoJuan Wang Jun Duan Gan Ding YunZhuo Lu Xing Lu LanHong Dai MinQiang Jiang State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Materials Science and engineering Dalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China School of engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Physical aging is an inherent property of glassy matter, but understanding its microscopic mechanism remains a challenge particularly at the particle level. In this work, we use a confocal microscope to in-situ trace the particle trajectories in a 3D colloidal glass for 73000 s, aiming at resolving the aging dynamics. By calculating the mean square displacement of particle motions, we find that the glass aging with time can be divided into three stages: β relaxation, α relaxation and free diffusion. The system's mean square displacement at each aging state is quantitatively resolved into three contributions of particle dynamics modes: vibration within the nearest-neighbor cages, hopping between cages and cooperative rearrangement. We further calculate the particle's free volume and find that the β-to-α transition is accompanied by the temporary increase of the system-averaged free volume due to pronounced hops of particles. Nevertheless, the temporal autocorrelation of the free volume spatial distribution still obeys a monotonically stretched exponential decay with an exponent of 0.76, which is related to the sub-diffusion dynamics of cooperative rearrangements and hops mixed in α relaxation. According to the resolved vibrational displacements,we calculate the vibrational density of states of this 3D glass, and the characteristic boson peak is reproduced at low *** findings shed insight into the particle-level aging dynamics of a real glass under purely thermal activation.

关键词： colloidal glass physical aging particle dynamics free volume boson peak

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Isogeometric Analysis for the Arbitrary AFG Microbeam with Two-Phase Nonlocal Stress-Driven Model

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第2期37卷 341-360页

作者： Pei-Liang Bian Zhaowei Liu Hai Qing Tiantang Yu Department of engineering mechanics Hohai UniversityNanjing211100China State Key Laboratory of mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China

Scale effects play critical roles in the mechanical responses of *** isogeometric analysis was developed here to investigate the mechanical responses of an axially functionally graded *** Euler–Bernoulli beam model was utilized,and size effects in the structure were modeled with a stress-driven two-phase local/nonlocal integral *** governing equation of microstructures was given in an equivalent differential form with two additional constitutive boundary *** framework was verified and utilized to analyze the microbeam’s static and dynamic mechanical *** present work showed great potential for modeling various types of functionally graded microstructures.

关键词： Isogeometric analysis Size effect Functionally graded material Nonlocal theory Euler-Bernoulli beam

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Wavelet Multi-Resolution Interpolation Galerkin Method for Linear Singularly Perturbed Boundary Value Problems

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 297-318页

作者： Jiaqun Wang Guanxu Pan Youhe Zhou Xiaojing Liu School of Management Science and engineering Anhui University of Finance and EconomicsBengbu233030China Key Laboratory of mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China The Ministry of EducationCollege of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

In this study,a wavelet multi-resolution interpolation Galerkin method(WMIGM)is proposed to solve linear singularly perturbed boundary value *** conventional wavelet schemes,the proposed algorithm can be readily extended to special node generation techniques,such as the Shishkin *** a wavelet method allows a high degree of local refinement of the nodal distribution to efficiently capture localized steep *** the shape functions possess the Kronecker delta property,making the imposition of boundary conditions as easy as that in the finite element *** numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposedwavelet *** results showthat the use ofmodified Shishkin nodes can significantly reduce numerical oscillation near the boundary *** with many other methods,the proposed method possesses satisfactory accuracy and *** theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that the order of theε-uniform convergence of this wavelet method can reach 5.

关键词： Wavelet multi-resolution interpolation Galerkin singularly perturbed boundary value problems mesh-free method Shishkin node boundary layer

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Effect of boundary conditions on shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials

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Applied Mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 39-68页

作者： Xiuchen GONG Yinghao NIE Gengdong CHENG Kai LI State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentInternational Research Center for Computational MechanicsDepartment of Engineering MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116023Liaoning ProvinceChina

The determination of the ultimate load-bearing capacity of structures made of elastoplastic heterogeneous materials under varying loads is of great importance for engineering analysis and design. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the shakedown domains of these materials. The static shakedown theorem, also known as Melan's theorem, is a fundamental method used to predict the shakedown domains of structures and materials. Within this method, a key aspect lies in the construction and application of an appropriate self-equilibrium stress field(SSF). In the structural shakedown analysis, the SSF is typically constructed by governing equations that satisfy no external force(NEF) boundary conditions. However, we discover that directly applying these governing equations is not suitable for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials. Researchers must consider the requirements imposed by the Hill-Mandel condition for boundary conditions and the physical significance of representative volume elements(RVEs). This paper addresses this issue and demonstrates that the sizes of SSFs vary under different boundary conditions, such as uniform displacement boundary conditions(DBCs), uniform traction boundary conditions(TBCs), and periodic boundary conditions(PBCs). As a result, significant discrepancies arise in the predicted shakedown domain sizes of heterogeneous materials. Built on the demonstrated relationship between SSFs under different boundary conditions, this study explores the conservative relationships among different shakedown domains, and provides proof of the relationship between the elastic limit(EL) factors and the shakedown loading factors under the loading domain of two load vertices. By utilizing numerical examples, we highlight the conservatism present in certain results reported in the existing literature. Among the investigated boundary conditions, the obtained shakedown domain is the most conservative under ***, utilizing PBCs to

关键词： heterogeneous material self-equilibrium stress field(SSF) shakedown analysis effect of boundary conditions

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