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Experimental research on the microclimate in the naturally ventilated multi-span greenhouse

International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第3期17卷 68-74页

作者： Zhenjun Gao Wenyang Li Wei Li Xiaoming Ding College of Mechanical and Power engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002HubeiChina Guangdong modern agricultural equipment research Institute Guangzhou 510630China Key Laboratory of agricultural facilities Structural engineering Academy of Agricultural Planning and EngineeringMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100125China

In order to further understand the changing laws of environmental factors in large multi-span greenhouses under natural ventilation conditions and the internal relations between various environmental factors,and ultimately improve the precision of microclimate regulation of large multi-span *** the multi-span greenhouse with a small spire structure in the Demonstration Base of Guangdong agricultural Technology Extension Station as the research object,under the condition of natural ventilation with butterfly-shaped windows,the changes in temperature,humidity,wind speed and solar light intensity of different monitoring planes in the greenhouse were *** analyzing the monitoring data,it was found that:1)The temperature gradient in the vertical direction in the large multi-span greenhouse is more obvious than that in the small greenhouse,and the highest average temperature difference monitored can reach 7.9℃.The velocity field in the multispan greenhouse is always maintained within the range of 0.3-0.4 m/s,and the ambient wind speed has no effect on the airflow speed in the *** humidity and speed in the multi-span greenhouse show good uniformity.2)In a large multi-span greenhouse,the secondary radiation generated by the internal shading has less impact on the area near the ground,which can effectively reduce the ground temperature.3)Under the conditions studied in this research,the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse follow the external environment as well,showing that the greenhouse design is reasonable,and the air renewal and heat exchange inside and outside the greenhouse are good during natural ventilation.

关键词： natural ventilation multi-span greenhouse environmental factors microclimate

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Mechanochemical route to fabricate an efficient nitrate reduction electrocatalyst

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Nano research 2024年第6期17卷 4889-4897页

作者： Yunliang Liu Zhiyu Zheng Sobia Jabeen Naiyun Liu Yixian Liu Yuanyuan Cheng Yaxi Li Jingwen Yu Xin Wu Nina Yan Lei Xu Haitao Li Institute for Energy research School of Energy and Power EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Jiangsu engineering Technology research center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing Institute of Agricultural Facilities and EquipmentJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Key Laboratory for Protected agricultural engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)to ammonia under ambient conditions is a promising approach for addressing elevated nitrate levels in water bodies,but the progress of this reaction is impeded by the complex series of chemical reactions involving electron and proton transfer and competing hydrogen evolution ***,it becomes imperative to develop an electro-catalyst that exhibits exceptional efficiency and remarkable selectivity for ammonia synthesis while maintaining long-term *** the magnetic biochar(Fe-C)has been synthesized by a two-step mechanochemical route after a pyrolysis treatment(450,700,and 1000℃),which not only significantly decreases the particle size,but also exposes more oxygen-rich functional groups on the surface,promoting the adsorption of nitrate and water and accelerating electron transfer to convert it into *** showed that the catalyst(Fe-C-700)has an impressive NH_(3)production rate of 3.5 mol·h^(−1)·gcat^(−1),high Faradaic efficiency of 88%,and current density of 0.37 A·cm^(−2)at 0.8 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE).In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)is used to investigate the reaction intermediate and to monitor the *** oxygen functionalities on the catalyst surface activate nitrate ions to form various intermediates(NO_(2),NO,NH_(2)OH,and NH_(2))and reduce the rate determining step energy barrier(*NO_(3)→*NO_(2)).This study presents a novel approach for the use of magnetic biochar as an electro-catalyst in NO_(3)RR and opens the road for solving environmental and energy challenges.

关键词： mechanochemical route magnetic biochar electron transfer nitrate ammonia

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Notably Accelerated Nano-Bainite Transformation via Increasing Undissolved Carbides Content on GCr15Si1Mo Bearing Steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第4期37卷 703-712页

作者： Yan-Hui Wang Hua-Qiang Sun Wen-Jing Feng Lei-Jie Zhao Xiang Chen Qing-An Chen Hai-Tao Sun Jian-Jun Wang Zhi-Nan Yang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Industrial equipment Technology of Hebei Province School of Mechanical and Equipment EngineeringHebei University of EngineeringHandan056038China Collaborative Innovation center for modern equipment Manufacturing of Jinan New Area Hebei University of EngineeringHandan056038China School of Materials Science and engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Avic Shang da Superalloys Company Limited Xingtai054800China National engineering research center for equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China

In this study, a high-carbon nano-bainitic GCr15Si1Mo bearing steel was investigated. Specifically, the effects of content and size of undissolved carbides on the microstructure and transformation kinetics of nano-bainite were analyzed. The results demonstrated that after prolonged austempering at low temperatures, the mixed microstructure composed of nano-bainite (NB), undissolved carbides (UC), and retained austenite (RA) was obtained in GCr15SiMo steel. When the experimental steel was austenitized at 900 ℃, the undissolved carbides gradually dissolved until reaching a stable state with increasing holding time. Furthermore, at the same austempering temperature, despite different volume fractions of undissolved carbides in the substrate, the volume fractions of nano-bainite in the final microstructures remained essentially the same. Moreover, the higher the content of undissolved carbides in steel, the faster the transformation rate of nano-bainite and the shorter the total transformation time.

关键词： Nano-bainite Undissolved carbides Bainitic transformation kinetics Carbon concentration

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Fast detection of the early decay in oranges using visible-LED structuredillumination imaging combined with spiral phase transform and feature-based classification model

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第3期17卷 185-192,F0003页

作者： Zhonglei Cai Chanjun Sun Yizhi Zhang Ruiyao Shi Junyi Zhang Hailiang Zhang Jiangbo Li College of Mechanical and Electrical engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003XinjiangChina Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Synergistic Innovation center of modern agricultural equipment Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Intelligent equipment research center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing100097China College of Electrical and Automation engineering East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China National engineering research center for Information Technology in Agriculture Beijing 100089China

The early decay of citrus can cause economic and serious food safety *** early decayed area has no obvious visual characteristics,making effective detection of this damage very difficult for the citrus *** study constructed a new detection system based on visible-light emitting diode(LED)structured-illumination imaging and proposed an effective methodology combined with a spiral phase transform(SPT)algorithm for the early detection of decayed *** sample obtained three phase-shifting pattern images with phase shifts of−2π/3,0,and 2π/3 at a spatial frequency of 0.25 cycles/*** strategies(i.e.,the conventional three-phase-shifting method,2-phase SPT,and 1-phase SPT)were used to demodulate the original patterned images to recover the direct component(DC)and amplitude component(AC)*** partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)and least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM)classification models were established based on the texture features of DC,AC,and RT(*** ratio of AC to DC)***,the random frog(RF)algorithm was used to simplify the optimal full-featured ***,the LS-SVM model constructed using 7 texture features from the RT image obtained an average classification accuracy of 95.1%for all tested *** study indicates that the proposed structured-illumination imaging technique combined with 2-phase SPT and feature-based classification model can achieve the fast identification of early decayed oranges.

关键词： oranges early decay detection structured-illumination imaging spiral phase transform classification model

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Influence of Current Density on the Photocatalytic Activity of Nd:TiO_(2) Coatings

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第1期39卷 32-38页

作者：施渊吉 ZHANG Zhen DAI Yunzhong LI Jingxiao CHEN Zeyu School of Mechanical engineering Nanjing Vocational University of Industry TechnologyNanjing 210046China College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China School of Materials Science and engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing 211167China Key Laboratory of modern agricultural equipment and Technology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

The Nd:TiO_(2 )PEO coatings were formed in a phosphate-based electrolyte with the addition of Nd_(2)O_(3 )under the current density of 150,200,250 and 300 m A/cm^(2).SEM results showed that the micropores decreased on quantity and increased on scale with the increasing current *** results revealed that the roughness of the coatings increased with the increasing current *** and composition analysis showed that the Nd:TiO_(2) coatings were mainly composed of anatase and rutile *** the anatase phase content has reached the maximum value at the current density of 250 m A/cm^(2).XPS results indicated that Ti2p spin-orbit components of the Nd:TiO_(2) coatings are shifted towards higher binding energy,compared with the pure TiO_(2) coating,suggesting that some of the Nd^(3+)ions are combined with TiO_(2) lattice and led to *** test showed that the photocatalytic activity of Nd:TiO_(2) coatings varied in the same pattern with the anatase content variation in Nd:TiO_(2) *** photocatalytic experiment results show that the photocatalytic activity of Nd:TiO_(2) coatings can be greatly enhanced with moderate amount of Nd^(3+).However,excessive amount of Nd^(3+)does not have an effective impact on the photoctalytic activity improvement.

关键词： PEO current density AFM XPS Nd:TiO_(2) photocatalytic

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A vision system based on CNN-LSTM for robotic citrus sorting Author links open overlay panel

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 14-25页

作者： Yonghua Yu Xiaosong An Jiahao Lin Shanjun Li Yaohui Chen College of engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of agricultural equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China National R&D center for Citrus Preservation Wuhan 430070China Citrus Mechanization research Base Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

Compared with manual sorting of citrus fruit,vision-based sorting solutions can help achieve higher accuracy and *** this study,we present a vision system based on CNN-LSTM,which can cooperate with robotic grippers for real-time sorting and is readily applicable to various citrus processing plants.A CNN-based detector was adopted to detect the defective oranges in view and temporarily classify them into corresponding types,and an LSTM-based predictor was used to predict the position of the oranges in a future frame based on image sequential *** fusion of CNN and LSTM networks enabled the system to track defective ones during rotation and identify their true types,and their future path was also predicted which is vital for predictive control of visually guided robotic *** detection accuracy of 94.1%was obtained based on experimental results,and the error for path prediction was within 4.33 pixels 40 frames *** average time to process a frame was between 28 and 62 frames per second,which also satisfied real-time *** results proved the potential of the proposed system for automated citrus sorting with good precision and efficiency,and it can be readily extended to other fruit crops featuring high versatility.

关键词： Deep learning Long short-term memory Vision system Online citrus sorting Path prediction

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Online diagnosis platform for tomato seedling diseases in greenhouse production

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2024年第1期17卷 80-89页

作者： Xin Jin Xiaowu Zhu Jiangtao Ji Mingyong Li Xiaolin Xie Bo Zhao College of agricultural equipment engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003HenanChina Science&Technology Innovation center for Completed Set equipment Longmen LaboratoryLuoyang 471023HenanChina Institute of Mechatronics Technology and Application China Mechanized Agriculture Science Research Institute Group Co.LtdBeijing 100020China

The facility-based production method is an important stage in the development of modern agriculture,lifting natural light and temperature restrictions and helping to improve agricultural production *** address the problems of difficulty and low accuracy in detecting pests and diseases in the dense production environment of tomato facilities,an online diagnosis platform for tomato plant diseases based on deep learning and cluster fusion was proposed by collecting images of eight major prevalent pests and diseases during the growing period of tomatoes in a facility-based *** diagnostic platform consists of three main parts:pest and disease information detection,clustering and decision-making of detection results,and platform diagnostic ***,based on the You Only Look Once(YOLO)algorithm,the key information of the disease was extracted by adding attention module(CBAM),multi-scale feature fusion was performed using weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network(BiFPN),and the overall construction was designed to be compressed and lightweight;Secondly,the k-means clustering algorithm is used to fuse with the deep learning results to output pest identification decision values to further improve the accuracy of identification applications;Finally,a detection platform was designed and developed using Python,including the front-end,back-end,and database of the system to realize online diagnosis and interaction of tomato plant pests and *** experiment shows that the algorithm detects tomato plant diseases and insect pests with mAP(mean Average Precision)of 92.7%,weights of 12.8 Megabyte(M),inference time of 33.6 *** with the current mainstream single-stage detection series algorithms,the improved algorithm model has achieved better performance;The accuracy rate of the platform diagnosis output pests and diseases information of 91.2%for images and 95.2%for *** is a great significance to tomato pest control research and t

关键词： pest and disease detection YOLO diagnosis platform k-means clustering facility production base

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Electronic structure and spin state regulation of vanadium nitride via a sulfur doping strategy toward flexible zinc-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 239-249,I0007页

作者： Daijie Deng Honghui Zhang Jianchun Wu Xing Tang Min Ling Sihua Dong Li Xu Henan Li Huaming Li Institute for Energy research Institute of Quantum and Sustainable TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-Sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural EquipmentJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency and Micro-Nano Electronics of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210023JiangsuChina Zhenjiang Kangyuan Electrical Appliance Co. Ltd.Zhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina College of Chemical and Biological engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina YTO Group Corporation Dongfanghong(Henan)agricultural Service Technology Co. Ltd.Luoyang 471033HenanChina

Owing to the distinctive structural characteristics,vanadium nitride(VN)is highly regarded as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in zinc-air batteries(ZABs).However,VN exhibits limited intrinsic ORR activity due to the weak adsorption ability to O-containing ***,the S-doped VN anchored on N,S-doped multi-dimensional carbon(S-VN/Co/NS-MC)was constructed using the solvothermal and in-situ doping *** sulfur atoms into VN species alters the electron spin state of vanadium in the S-VN/Co/NS-MC for regulating the adsorption energy of vanadium sites to oxygen *** introduced sulfur atoms polarize the V 3d_(z)^(2) electrons,shifting spin-down electrons closer to the Fermi level in the S-VN/Co/***,the introduction of sulfur atoms into VN species enhances the adsorption energy of vanadium sites for oxygen ****OOH dissociation transitions from being unspontaneous on the VN surface to a spontaneous state on the S-doped VN ***,the ORR barrier on the S-VN/Co/NS-MC surface is *** S-VN/Co/NS-MC demonstrates a higher half-wave potential and limiting current density compared to the VN/Co/*** S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based liquid ZABs display a power density of 195.7 m W cm^(-2),a specific capacity of 815.7 m A h g^(-1),and a cycling stability exceeding 250 *** S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based flexible ZABs are successfully employed to charge both a smart watch and a mobile *** approach holds promise for advancing the commercial utilization of VN-based catalysts in ZABs.

关键词： S-doped VN Electronic structures Spin state regulation Oxygen reduction reaction Zinc-air batteries

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Planning an adaptive reuse development of underutilized urban underground infrastructures:A case study of Qingdao,China

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Underground Space 2024年第1期14卷 18-33页

作者： Yong-Kang Qiao Fang-Le Peng Yun-Hao Dong Chun-Fang Lu research center for Underground Space&Department of Geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Urban underground infrastructures(UUIs)are a vital component of built capital for urban ***,many cities are now home to a multitude of disused or underutilized UUIs,not least aged purpose-built underground facilities,causing a waste of valuable underground space resource *** the process of urban renewal,adaptive reuse can be an attractive solution to breathe new life into underutilized UUIs,while addressing some of the modern problems of the built environment by an economically feasible ***,there is a prevalent absence in the current literature of the overarching planning and decision-making approaches for an adaptive reuse development of underutilized *** the intention of addressing this shortfall,this paper first lays out development strategies,then sets the generic patterns for adaptive reuse of disused or underutilized *** the city of Qingdao,China as a case study,detailed planning and decision-making approaches with the aid of multi-source data and spatial analysis tools are *** is anticipated that the findings of this research will assist the adaptive reuse development of UUIs in providing theoretical guidance and empirical evidence,thereby enhancing the role of urban underground space use in contributing to urban revitalization and urban sustainability.

关键词： Urban underground infrastructures Underutilized Adaptive reuse Planning Urban renewal

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Effects of extrusion parameters on rheological properties,chromatism,protein solubility and microstructure of flaxseed-corn mixture

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2015年第6期8卷 89-98页

作者： Wu Min Liu Yi Wang Lijun Li Dong College of engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China engineering research center for modern agricultural equipment&facilities Ministry of EducationChina College of Food Science and Nutritional engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

As a kind of significant functional food material,flaxseed can be processed into snacks by extrusion *** research mainly studied the effects of different extrusion conditions:temperature,screw speed,material moisture content and proportion of added flaxseed,***,the rheological properties of steady state were also *** showed that the steady state shear sweep tendency of extruded disperse system accorded to the power law model of non-Newtonian *** fitting extrusion parameters and the parameters of power law model with polynomial,the maximum of consistency index and minimum of liquidity index can be gained when extruding temperature was 120°C,screw speed was 100 r/min and the proportion of added flaxseed was 20%.Maillard reaction could occur in extruded melt when material moisture content was less than 18.2%,and then formed to be brown by-products;however,the Maillard reaction slowed down and color aberration decreased when the moisture content *** soluble index observably reduced after extrusion,which indicated that protein denaturation during extruding process and created hydrophobic *** study of scanning rheological and electron microscope explained the process of starch,protein and fat in mixture formed steady polymer during extruding process.

关键词： flaxseed extrusion flaxseed-corn blend steady shear rheological property food processing

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