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Hydrolysis of polyaluminum chloride prior to coagulation:Effects on coagulation behavior and implications for improving coagulation performance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 162-169页

作者： Zhongguo Zhang Jun Wang Dan Liu Jiuyi Li Xiaolin Wang Boyu Song Bing Yue Kehui Zhao Yun Song Key Laboratory of energy-Water Conservation and Wastewater resources recovery(Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry) China National Light IndustryBeijing 100089China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and resource recovery Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality SafeguardSchool of Civil EngineeringBeijingJiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Beijing Water Authority Beijing 100038China Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Land Contamination and Remediation Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light IndustryBeijing Academy of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100089China

The effects of polyaluminum chloride（PACl） hydrolysis prior to coagulation on both the coagulation zone and coagulation performance of a kaolin suspension were investigated by a novel jar test named the ＂reversed coagulation test＂.The tests showed that PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation decreased the performance of charge neutralization coagulation in the case of short-time slow mixing（10 min;G = 15 sec-1） and increased the optimal dosage for charge neutralization and sweep ***,the hydrolysis time had insignificant effects on the size and zeta potential of PACl precipitates and the residual turbidity of the raw ***,PACl hydrolysis prior to coagulation and the size of PACl precipitates had a negligible effect on the performance of sweep *** results imply that,in practice,preparing a PACl solution with deionized water,rather than tap water or the outlet water from a wastewater treatment unit,can significantly save PACl consumption and improve the performance of charge neutralization coagulation,while preparing the PACl solution with tap or outlet water would not affect the performance of sweep *** addition,the optimal rapid mixing intensity appears to be determined by a balance between the degree of coagulant hydrolysis before contacting the primary particles and the average size of flocs in the rapid mixing *** results provide new insights into the role of PACl hydrolysis and will be useful for improving coagulation efficiency.

关键词： Polyaluminum chloride(PACl) Precipitate Hydrolysis Charge neutralization Sweep coagulation

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Impacts of climate change on the potential forest productivity based on a climate-driven biophysical model in northeastern China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2273-2286页

作者： Wen-Qiang Gao Xiang-Dong Lei Li-Yong Fu Institute of Forest resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Management and Growth ModellingState Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Climate warming is expected to influence forest growth,composition and ***,accurately estimating and predicting forest biomass,potential productivity or forest growth is still a challenge for forest managers dealing with land-use at the stand to regional *** the present study,we predicted the potential productivity(PP)of forest under current and future climate scenarios(RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6.0 and RCP8.5)in Jilin province,northeastern China by using Paterson’s Climate Vegetation and Productivity(CVP)index *** PP was validated by comparing it with the mean and maximum net primary production calculated from light energy utilization(GLM_PEM).Our results indicated that using the CVP index model is partially valid for predicting the potential forest productivity in northeastern *** exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity varying from 4.6 to 8.9 m3 ha-1 year-1 with an increasing tendency from northwest to southeast driven by the precipitation across the *** number of vegetation-active months,precipitation and insolation coefficient were identified as the primary factors affecting PP,but no significant relationship was found for warmest temperature or temperature *** future climate scenarios,PP across the Jilin Province is expected to increase from 1.38%(RCP2.6 in 2050)to 15.30%(RCP8.5 in 2070),especially in the eastern Songnen Plain(SE)for the RCP8.5 scenarios.

关键词： Climate vegetation and productivity index Potential productivity Climate change

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Approximating multi-purpose AC Optimal Power Flow with reinforcement trained Artificial Neural Network

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energy and AI 2022年第1期7卷 131-141页

作者： Zhenqi Wang Jan-Hendrik Menke Florian Schäfer Martin Braun Alexander Scheidler Department of energy management and Power System Operation University of KasselWilhelmshöher Allee 7334121 KasselGermany Fraunhofer Institute for energy Economics and energy System Technology Königstor 5934119 KasselGermany

Solving AC-Optimal Power Flow(OPF)problems is an essential task for grid operators to keep the power system safe for the use cases such as minimization of total generation cost or minimization of infeed curtailment from renewable DERs(Distributed energy resource).Mathematical solvers are often able to solve the AC-OPF problem but need significant computation *** neural networks(ANN)have a good application in function approximation with outstanding computational *** this paper,we employ ANN to approximate the solution of AC-OPF for multiple *** novelty of our work is a new training method based on the reinforcement learning concept.A high-performance batched power flow solver is used as the physical environment for training,which evaluates an augmented loss function and the numerical action *** augmented loss function consists of the objective term for each use case and the penalty term for constraints *** training method enables training without a reference OPF and the integration of discrete decision variable such as discrete transformer tap changer position in the constrained *** improve the optimality of the approximation,we further combine the reinforcement training approach with supervised training labeled by reference *** benchmark results show the high approximation quality of our proposed approach while achieving high computational efficiency on multiple use cases.

关键词： OPF Artificial neural network Reinforcement learning Grid planning and operation Grid congestion management

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Feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and waste red mud

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第6期25卷 591-597页

作者： Xiao-ping Wang Ti-chang Sun Jue Kou Zhao-chun Li Yu Tian School of Civil and resource Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Large scale utilization is still an urgent problem for waste red mud with a high content of alkaline metal component in the *** ores especially the saprolitic laterite ore are one refractory nickel resource,the nickel and iron of which can be effectively recovered by direct reduction and magnetic *** metal salts were usually added to enhance reduction of laterite *** feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and red mud was *** show that the red mud addition promoted the reduction of the saprolitic laterite ore and the iron ores in the red mud were co-reduced and *** adding 35wt%red mud,the nickel grade and recovery were 4.90wt%and 95.25wt%,and the corresponding iron grade and total recovery were 71.00wt%and 93.77wt%,*** X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy,and energy dispersive spectroscopy（SEM-EDS）analysis results revealed that red mud addition was helpful to increase the liquid phase and ferronickel grain *** chemical compositions＂Ca O and Na_2O＂in the red mud replaced Fe O to react with Si O_2 and Mg Si O_3 to form augite.

关键词： laterite ore red mud reduction roasting phase transformation

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Drivers of the development of global climate-change-mitigation technology:a patent-based decomposition analysis

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Frontiers in energy 2021年第2期15卷 487-498页

作者： Liying SONG Jun JING Kerui DU Zheming YAN School of Economics and Finance Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of management China Institute for Studies in Energy PolicyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy ***,very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differently to global *** paper decomposed the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology,proxied by patent-based indicators,from 1996 to 2015 into several predefined *** results show that the worldwide surge of climate-change-mitigation-technology patents from 1996 to 2011 is driven by increased concentration on green invention,improved research intensity,and enlarged economic scale,while the falling of patent counts from 2011 to 2015 is predominantly due to less concentration on green *** different climate-change-mitigation technologies,the type-specific development is attributed to different dominant factors,and the resulting priority change can reflect the shift of both global research and development(R&D)resource and market *** regional contributions,the resulting economy-specific contributions to each driving factor can be used to design the policies to promote the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology.

关键词： climate change mitigation technology development logarithmic mean Divisia index green patents

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DYNAMIC PRICE MODEL BASED ON TRANSMISSION DELAY——PETROLEUM PRICE FLUCTUATION IN CHINA

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2014年第3期27卷 507-523页

作者： LIU Yifang WANG Yue QIAO Heng Economics School Central University of Finance and Economics Research Center for Climate and energy Finance CUFE School of management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Development Bank

Petroleum is a kind of fundamental energy resource. Its price fluctuation transmits from upper-stream industry to the lower-stream industry as the production factors price changes. And this leads to the price changes of final consumption. Meantime, due to the cycle of industrial chain, the price changes of lower-stream industry also affect the upper-stream industry in return. This price transmission path is quite complicated. Firstly, it includes both direct and indirect paths; secondly, the transmission process is accompanied with time delay. The traditional input-output price model based on cost-push theory can efficiently solve the first problem when estimating the impact of price fluctuation on the whole price system. However, it neither reflects the dynamic characteristics of price transmission with time nor solves the second problem. To solve this problem, this paper uses the directed weighted network to describe the price transmission among industrial sectors by taking the time-dimension into account, and dynamic price transmission network model is constructed. This model not only describes transmission time delay more accurately, but also calculates the price fluctuation dynamically. On this basis, by utilizing the 2007 Chinese input-output table, this paper conducts empirical analysis on the impact of petroleum price fluctuation on other sectors. The empirical results indicate that the price fluctuation transmission mainly depends on two factors, the orice reaction period Tk and the consumption relationship with petroleum aik. 1） If t 〈 Tk, then the price change of sector k at period t △pkt = 0, the petroleum price fluctuation has not transmitted to the sector k, so the price of sector k remains unchanged. 2） If t 〉 Tk, then Apt 〉 0, and the greater aik, the higher price change rate. 3） If t →∞, it is the same with that in traditional input-output price model. So it can be clearly seen that dynamic price transmission network model is more general than the t

关键词： Directed weighted network input-output price model petroleum price transmission timedelay.

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Aerodynamic Performances of Wind Turbine Airfoils Using a Panel Method

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第9期5卷 1175-1182页

作者： M.M. Oueslati A.W. Dahmouni M. Ben Salah F. Askri C. Kerkeni S. Ben Nasrallah Laboratory of Wind energy management and Waste energy recovery Research and Technology Center of Energy Hammam Lif 2050 Tunisia Laboratory of Thermal Process Research and Technology Center of Energy Hammam Lif 2050 Tunisia Laboratory of Studies of Thermal and energy Systems National Engineering School of Monastir Monastir 5019 Tunisia

One of the key features of Laplace＇s Equation is the property that allows the equation governing the flow field to be converted from a 3D problem throughout the field to a 2D problem for finding the potential on the surface. The solution is then found using this property by distributing ＂singularities＂ of unknown strength over discretized portions of the surface： panels. Hence the flow field solution is found by representing the surface by a number of panels, and solving a linear set of algebraic equations to determine the unknown strengths of the singularities. In this paper a Hess-Smith Panel Method is then used to examine the aerodynamics of NACA 4412 and NACA 23015 wind turbine airfoils. The lift coefficient and the pressure distribution are predicted and compared with experimental result for low Reynolds number. Results show a good agreement with experimental data.

关键词： Panel method wind turbine airfoils incompressible potential flow pressure distribution

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Quantitative division of succession and spatial patterns among different stand developmental stages in Changbai Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第9期16卷 2063-2078页

作者： GONG Zhi-wen KANG Xin-gang GU Li College of Economics and management Research Center of Resource Economics and Environment Management Northwest A8J7 University Yangling 712100 China College of Forestry Northwest A&F University Yang ling 712100 China College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China

Broadleaf-Korean pine forests exhibit high species richness and distinctive species composition, which are currently becoming more dominant among natural forests in Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. Understanding the ecological process of restored vegetation is quite important for ecosystem reconstruction. Distinguishing stand development stages and analyzing the dynamic spatial patterns could provide insights into significant community coexistence mechanisms. In the present study, eight permanent study areas were established according to the substituting space for time method in Changbai Mountains of north-eastern China. The optimal division method was used to quantify the successional series into different stand development stages, and the point pattern analysis method(L(r) function) was used to analyse the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations. Our results suggested that:(1) The stand development process was divided into five stages: the first three stages were poplar-birch secondary forests in different stages of recovery, the fourth stage was thespruce-fir mixed forest, and the last stage was the primary broadleaf-Korean pine forest;(2) The spatial pattern showed an aggregated distribution at a small scale and changed to a random distribution as the scale increased in poplar-birch secondary forests, but the spatial pattern appeared to be randomly distributed in spruce-fir mixed forest and broadleafKorean pine forest;(3) The interspecific associations between pioneer species and climax species changed from negative to positive among the different stand stages, and environmental resources were shared among these species. Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among the tree species were key determinants of forest dynamics and structure. Our study is vital to the understanding of the forest development;thus, the spatial change features should receive greater attention when forest management is being planned and restoratio

关键词： Dynamic spatial patterns Interspecific association Optimal division method Stand developmental stages Space for time substitution

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Cathode catalyst prepared from bacterial cellulose for ethanol fermentation stillage treatment in microbial fuel cell

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第12期34卷 256-261页

作者： Huiyu Li Ming Gao Pan Wang Hongzhi Ma Ting Liu Jin Ni Qunhui Wang Tien-Chin Chang Department of Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial PollutantsBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated resource Utilization of China National Light Industry Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Institute of Environmental Engineering and management National Taipei University of TechnologyTaipei 106China

Bacterial cellulose doped with P and Cu was used as a catalyst for a microbial fuel cell(MFC) cathode,which was then used to treat ethanol fermentation stillage from food *** output power,coulombic efficiency(CE),and biological toxicity were *** a series of characterization experiments,the addition of the cathode catalyst was found to improve catalytic activity and accelerate the consumption of the *** resulting maximum output power was 572.16 mW·m^(-2).CE and the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand(COD) in the fermentation stillage by P-Cu-BC reached 26% and 64.5%,*** rate of biotoxicity removal by MFC treatment reached 84.7%.The aim of this study was apply a novel catalyst for MFC and optimize the treatment efficiency of fermentation stillage.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell Oxygen reduction reaction Fermentation Catalyst Biomass Biotoxicity

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Towards a new climate economics:research areas and prospects

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2015年第1期13卷 1-9页

作者： Jiankun He Fei Teng Ye Qi Research Center for Contemporary management Tsinghua University Institute of energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University School of Public Policy and management Tsinghua University

International cooperation to address climate change now stands at a *** a new international regime for emissions reduction established by the Durban Platform, "New Climate Economics(NCE)" has become a research *** need for urgent action to combat climate change has prompted discussion on reforms of economic growth patterns and the energy *** industrial civilization,therefore,now faces a transition towards a new pathway for ecological *** explores new economic concepts,theories,and analytical methods to design a balanced pathway for sustainable growth and emission *** of getting trapped in discussions on allocation of emission reduction responsibilities and obligations among countries,NCE pays more attention to developing win-win multilateral cooperation mechanisms that facilitate collaborative R&D and knowledge *** addition,NCE studies incentives for low-carbon transition,turning carbon emission reduction into a domestic need for countries to increase their international *** achieve the 2°C target,most countries around the world face challenges of insufficient emission allowances to cover expected emissions associated with their projected economic *** carbon emissions rights becomes an increasingly scarce resource,increasing the carbon productivity of the economy turns to be the critical path to address the dilemma of green or *** studies the historical evolution of carbon productivity for countries at different development stages as well as ways to enhance such carbon *** type of study provides invaluable lessons for emerging economies to reach their own emission peaks without losing the momentum of *** fossil fuels with new and renewable energy has proven to be an inevitable choice for reshaping the energy system and addressing climate change- it has already become a global *** studies incentives for new energy technology innovation and deplo

关键词： new climate economics low-carbon development energy transformation carbon productivity

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