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Application of percarbonate and peroxymonocarbonate in decontamination technologies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第7期33卷 100-115页

作者： Bo-Tao Zhang Lulu Kuang Yanguo Teng Maohong Fan Yan Ma College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Engineering research Center of Groundwater pollution control and remediation Ministry of EducationBeijing 100875China department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071United States School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Sodium percarbonate(SPC)and peroxymonocarbonate(PMC)have been widely used in modified Fenton reactions because of their multiple superior features,such as a wide pH range and environmental *** broad review is intended to provide the fundamental information,status and progress of SPC and PMC based decontamination technologies according to the peer-reviewed papers in the last two *** SPC and PMC can directly decompose various *** degradation efficiency will be enhanced and the target contaminants will be expanded after the activation of SPC and *** most commonly used catalysts for SPC activation are iron compounds while cobalt composi-tions are applied to activate PMC in homogenous and heterogeneous catalytical *** generation and participation of hydroxyl,superoxide and/or carbonate radicals are involved in the activated SPC and PMC *** reductive radicals,such as carbon dioxide and hydroxyethyl radicals,can be generated when formic acid or methanol is added in the Fe(II)/SPC system,which can reduce target *** can also be activated by energy,tetraacetylethylenediamine,ozone and buffered alkaline to generate different reactive radicals for pollutant *** SPC and activated SPC have been assessed for application in-situ chemical oxidation and sludge dewatering *** challenges and prospects of SPC and PMC based decontamination technologies are also addressed in the last section.

关键词： Sodium percarbonate Peroxymonocarbonate Activation radical decontamination technologies

Nitrapyrin effectiveness in reducing nitrous oxide emissions decreases at low doses of urea in an Andosol

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 303-313页

作者： Mayela MONGE-MUÑOZ Segundo UrQUIAGA Christoph MÜLLEr Juan Carlos CAMBrONErOHEINrICHS Mohammad ZAMAN Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO Azam BOrZOUEI Khadim dAWAr Carlos E.rOdrÍGUEZ-rOdrÍGUEZ Ana Gabriela PÉrEZ-CASTILLO Environmental pollution research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica) Embrapa Agrobiology Rod.BR 465km 7SeropédicaRJCEP 23891-000(Brazil) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff Ring 26Giessen 35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4(Ireland) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureDepartment of Nuclear Sciences and ApplicationsInternational Atomic Energy AgencyVienna International CentreVienna 1400(Austria) Nuclear Agriculture research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)Karaj ***(Iran) department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgriculturePeshawar 25000(Pakistan)

In the tropics,frequent nitrogen(N)fertilization of grazing areas can potentially increase nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)*** application of nitrification inhibitors has been reported as an effective management practice for potentially reducing N loss from the soil-plant system and improving N use efficiency(NUE).The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the co-application of nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor,NI)and urea in a tropical Andosol on the behavior of N and the emissions of N_(2)O from autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification.A greenhouse experiment was performed using a soil(pH 5.9,organic matter content 78 g kg^(-1),and N 5.6 g kg^(-1))sown with Cynodon nlemfuensis at 60%water-filled pore space to quantify total N_(2)O emissions,N_(2)O derived from fertilizer,soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and *** study included treatments that received deionized water only(control,NI).No significant differences were observed in soil NH_(4)^(+)content between the Ur and Ur+NI treatments,probably because of soil mineralization and NO_(3)^(-)produced by heterotrophic nitrification,which is not effectively inhibited by *** 56 d,N_(2)O emissions in Ur(0.51±0.12 mg N_(2)O-N concluded that the soil organic N mineralization and heterotrophic nitrification are the main processes of NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)***,it was found that N_(2)O emissions were partially a consequence of the direct oxidation of the soil's organic N via heterotrophic nitrification coupled to ***,the results suggest that nitrapyrin would likely exert significant mitigation on N_(2)O emissions only if a substantial N surplus exists in soils with high organic matter content.

关键词： autotrophic nitrification heterotrophic nitrification mineral N ^(15)N tracer nitrification inhibitor tropical grass

Semi-analytical method for calculating aeroelastic effect of profiled rod flying at high velocity

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第1期11卷 85-92页

作者： Hui-jun NING Nan-peng FENG Tan-hui WU Cheng ZHANG Hao WANG School of energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology The Graduate School of Hubei Aerospace Technology Academe dept.of Engineering Mechanics Shanghai Jiaotong University

The key technique of a kinetic energy rod(KEr) warhead is to control the flight attitude of rods. The rods are usually designed to different shapes. A new conceptual KEr named profiled rod which has large L/d ratio is described in this paper. The elastic dynamic equations of this profiled rod flying at high velocity after detonation are set up on the basis of Euler-Bernoulli beam, and the aeroelastic deformation of profiled rod is calculated by semi-analytical method for calculating the vibration characteristics of variable cross-section beam. In addition, the aeroelastic deformation of the undeformed profiled rod and the aeroelastic deformation of deformed profiled rod which is caused by the detonation of explosive are simulated by computational fluid dynamic and finite element method(CFd/FEM), respectively. A satisfactory agreement of these two methods is obtained by the comparison of two methods. The results show that the semi-analytical method for calculating the vibration characteristics of variable cross-section beam is applied to analyze the aeroelastic deformation of profiled rod flying at high velocity.

关键词： Profiled rod detonation process Variable cross-section beam Aeroelastic deformation Numerical analysis

The Hazard and Prevention Method of radon and Its Progenies in Underground Construction

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The Hazard and Prevention Method of Radon and Its Progenies ...

Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid on yield-scale nitrous oxide emission in maize fields under hot climatic conditions

2011 IEEE International Conference on Waste recycling,Ecology and Environment(ICWrEE 2011)

作者： richard d. Hagni dept. of Geology ＆ Geophysics Missouri University of Science and Technology

Firstly, this article discusses the characteristics and sources of radon and its daughter in the basement. Afterwards, combined with the characteristics of radon and its daughter in the basement, the essay analyses cellar radon pollution’s harm to human health and points out the cause of variety physiological diseases induced by radon and its daughter. Secondly, this article introduces the state assessment and safeguard standards which are designed to control indoor radon concentration of one building. Accordingly, the essays discusses the basic measures of controlling radon pollution in the basement and consider the most effective measures for controlling radon pollution is reducing radon from its source.

关键词： underground construction radon and its daughter harm prevention control measures

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 323-331页

作者： Khadim dAWAr Kamil SArdAr Mohammad ZAMAN Christoph MÜLLEr Alberto SANZ-COBENA Aamir KHAN Azam BOrZOUEI Ana Gabriela PÉrEZ-CASTILLO department of Soil and Environmental Science University of Agriculture PeshawarPeshawa 25000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food&AgricultureP.O.Box 100Vienna A-1400(Austria) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26Giessen D-35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldD04 V1W8(Ireland) Management of Environment and Agricultural risks(CEIGrAM) ETSIAABUniversidad Poliécnica de MadridMadrid 28040(Spain) Agricultural research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research InstituteP.O.Box 31465/1498Karaj(Iran) Environmental pollution research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica)

Nitrification inhibitors are widely used in agriculture to mitigate nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission and increase crop ***,no concrete information on their mitigation of N_(2)O emission is available under soil and environmental conditions as in Pakistan.A field experiment was established using a silt clay loam soil from Peshawar,Pakistan,to study the effect of urea applied in combination with a nitrification inhibitor,nitrapyrin(2-chloro-6-tri-chloromethyl pyridine),and/or a plant growth regulator,gibberellic acid(GA_3),on N_(2)O emission and the nitrogen(N)uptake efficiency of *** experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments in four replicates:control with no N(CK),urea(200 kg N ha^(-1))alone,urea in combination with nitrapyrin(700 g ha^(-1)),urea in combination with GA_3(60 g ha^(-1)),and urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_*** N_(2)O emission,yield,N response efficiency,and total N uptake were measured during the experimental *** treatment with urea and nitrapyrin reduced total N_(2)O emission by 39%–43%and decreased yield-scaled N_(2)O emission by 47%–52%,relative to the treatment with urea *** maize plant biomass,grain yield,and total N uptake increased significantly by 23%,17%,and 15%,respectively,in the treatment with urea and nitrapyrin,relative to the treatment with urea alone,which was possibly due to N saving,lower N loss,and increased N uptake in the form of ammonium;they were further enhanced in the treatment with urea,nitrapyrin,and GA_3 by 27%,36%,and 25%,respectively,probably because of the stimulating effect of GA_3 on plant growth and development and the reduction in biotic and abiotic *** results suggest that applying urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3 has the potential to mitigate N_(2)O emission,improve N response efficiency,and increase maize yield.

关键词： fertilizer use efficiency greenhouse gas emission mitigation N response efficiency N uptake efficiency N_(2)O flux plant growth hormone urea

Nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin does not affect yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in a tropical grassland

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 265-278页

作者： Ana Gabriela PÉrEZ-CASTILLO Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO Jorge Alberto ELIZONdO-SALAZAr ronny BArBOZA dong-Gill KIM Christoph MÜLLEr Alberto SANZ-COBENA Azam BOrZOUEI Khadim dAWAr Mohammad ZAMAN Environmental pollution research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica) Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station University of Costa RicaOchomogo 30304(Costa Rica) Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural resources Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box 128Shashemene(Ethiopia) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff Ring 26Giessen 35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4(Ireland) research Center for the Management of Environmental and Agricultural risks(CEIGrAM) Department of Chemistry and Food Technology(ETSIAAB)Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid 28040(Spain) Nuclear Agriculture research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)Karaj 31465-1498(Iran) department of Soil and Environmental Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition section Joint Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureDepartment of Nuclear Sciences and ApplicationsIAEAVienna International CentreP.O.Box 100Vienna 1400(Austria)

Urea is the most common nitrogen(N)fertilizer used in the tropics but it has the risk of high gaseous nitrogen(N)*** of nitrification inhibitor has been suggested as a potential mitigation measure for gaseous N losses in N fertilizer-applied *** a field trial on a tropical Andosol pastureland in Costa rica,gaseous emissions of ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and grass yield were quantified from plots treated with urea(U;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1))and urea plus the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin(U+NI;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1)and 350 g of nitrapyrin for each 100 kg of N applied)and control plots(without U and NI)over a six-month period(rainy season).Volatilization of NH_(3)(August to November)in U(7.4%±1.3%of N applied)and U+NI(8.1%±0.9%of N applied)were not significantly different(P>0.05).Emissions of N_(2)O in U and U+NI from June to November were significantly different(Pr,when N_(2)O emission in U+NI was higher than that in *** and crude protein production of grass were significantly higher(Pd U+NI than in the control plots,but they were not significantly different between U and U+*** was no significant difference in yield-scaled N_(2)O emission between U(0.31±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter)and U+NI(0.47±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter).The results suggest that nitrapyrin is not a viable mitigation option for gaseous N losses under typical N fertilizer application practices of pasturelands at the study site.

关键词： ammonia volatilization Andosol Costa rica field trial gaseous N loss greenhouse gas emission urea