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Controversies in fecal incontinence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 113-119页

作者： Andreia Albuquerque Satish S C Rao School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fernando Pessoa UniversityGondomar 4420-096PortoPortugal Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer management Research group RISE@CI-IPO(Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of PortoPorto 4200-072Portugal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

Fecal incontinence is a common condition that can significantly impact patients’quality of *** anal sphincter injury and anorectal surgeries are common *** ultrasound and anorectal manometry are important diagnostic tools for evaluating *** are various treatment options,including diet,lifestyle modifications,drugs,biofeedback therapy,tibial and sacral nerve neuromodulation therapy,and *** this editorial,we will discuss current controversies and novel approaches to fecal *** for asymptomatic anal sphincter defects after obstetric anal sphincter injury and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is not generally recommended,but may be helpful in selected *** Garg incontinence score is a new score that includes the assessment of solid,liquid,flatus,mucous,stress and urge fecal *** tests such as translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation and novel therapies such as translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy are promising diagnostic and treatment options,for both fecal incontinence and *** biofeedback therapy can overcome some limitations of the office-based *** muscle-derived cell implantation of the external anal sphincter has been further studied as a possible treatment *** neuromodulation may be useful in scleroderma,congenital fecal incontinence and inflammatory bowel disease but merits further study.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Endoanal ultrasound Anal sphincter defects Biofeedback Neuropathy Sacral neuromodulation

Wear and Friction Properties of Electrodeposited Ni-Based Coatings Subject to Nano-enhanced Lubricant and Composite Coating

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第10期29卷 902-910页

作者： Rizwan Bajwa Zulfiqar Khan H.Nazir Vivek Chacko Adil Saeed NanoCorr Energy and Modelling Research GroupBournemouth University

This paper presents research findings on the tribological performance of electrodeposited coatings subject to nano-lubricants with the addition of nano-Al2O3 and graphene and Ni/nano-Al2O3 composite coatings. Electrodeposited coatings were produced by using a pulse electrodeposition method. Tribological experiments were conducted by using a linear reciprocating ball on fiat sliding tribometer. Experimental results confirmed that the wear and friction resistance properties were significantly enhanced by doping of nano-effects in the lubricating oil and composite coating. The addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the lubricating oil showed the best tribological properties, followed by Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings and nano-oil with graphene. The surface morphology and microstructure of electrodeposited coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The wear mechanisms of these coatings subjected to tribological testing were investigated by post-test surface analyses. This research provides a novel approach to design durable nano-coatings for tribological applications in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, locomotive and renewable energy technologies.

关键词： Tribology Nanoparticles Graphene Nano-additives Nano-coatings

Pelton turbine: Identifying the optimum number of buckets using CFD

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2016年第1期28卷 75-83页

作者： Audrius ZIDONIS George A.AGGIDIS Lancaster University Renewable energy group and Fluid Machinery group Engineering Department Lancaster University

A numerical case study on identifying the optimum number of buckets for a Pelton turbine is presented. Three parameters： number of buckets, bucket radial position and bucket angular position are grouped since they are found to be interrelated. By identifying the best combination of the radial and angular position for each number of buckets it is shown that reduction in the number of buckets beyond the limit suggested by the available literature can improve the efficiency and be beneficial with regard to the manufacturing complexity and cost perspective. The effect of this reduction in the number of buckets was confirmed experimentally.

关键词： hydropower Pelton impulse turbines numerical modelling number of buckets optimization

Homogenization and Upscaling for Diffusion,Heat Conduction,and Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous Materials

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第3期57卷 348-354页

作者：徐志杰 energy Resource Recovery&management Idaho National Laboratory Computational Mathematics group Fundamental and Computational Sciences DirectoratePacific Northwest National Laboratory

We present a general homogenization method a periodic heterogeneous material with piecewise constants for diffusion, heat conduction, and wave propagation in The method is relevant to the frequently encountered upscaling issues for heterogeneous materials. The dispersion relation for each problem is first expressed in the general form where the frequency co （or wavenumber k） is expanded in terms of the wavenumber k （or frequency ω）. A general homogenization model can be directly obtained with any given dispersion relation. Next step we study the unit cell of the heterogeneous material and derive the exact dispersion relation. The final homogenized equations include both leading order terms （effective properties） and high order contributions that represent the effect of the microscopic heterogeneity on the macroscopic behavior. That effect can be lumped into a single dimensionless heterogeneity parameter β, which is bounded between -1/12≤β≤ 0 and has a universal expression for all three problems. Numerical examples validate the proposed method and demonstrate a significant computational saving.

关键词： diffusion conduction wave homogenization multi-scale dispersion upscaling heterogeneous

Promotion effect of H2 pretreatment on CeO2 catalyst for NH3-SCR reaction

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第7期36卷 708-714页

作者： Hongbing Lv Xiaoyu Hua Weiyang Xie Qing Hu Jianbo Wu Ruitang Guo Zhejiang energy group Hangzhou 310007China Zhejiang energy group R&D Hangzhou 311121China School of energy Source and Mechanical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200090China

In this study, the promotion effect of H2 pretreatment on the SCR performance of CeO2 catalyst was investigated based on the characterization results of XRD, H2-TPR, Raman and in situ DRIFT *** crystallinity, higher reducibility and surface acidity can be found on CeO2-H catalyst. The results of DRIFT study reveal that the pretreatment of CeO2 catalyst with H2 can facilitate the adsorption of NH3 and NOx species, while the adsorbed NOx is basically inactive in the NH3-SCR reaction. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of the NH3-SCR reaction over CeO2 catalyst is not changed by H2 pretreatment,which is mainly under the control of Eley-Rideal（E-R） mechanism, The enhanced SCR performance of CeO2-H catalyst is mainly due to the promoted NH3 adsorption and the subsequent facilitation of SCR reaction through E-R pathway.

关键词： CeO2 catalyst SCR H2 pretreatment In situ DRIFT Mechanism Rare earths

Effect of partial blockage of air duct outlet on performance of OWC device

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第3期19卷 748-754页

作者： S.Patel K.Ram M.Rafiuddin Ahmed Renewable energy Research group University of the South Pacific

The use of a Savonius rotor as turbine for an oscillating water column(OWC) is *** effect of tuning the OWC using turbine duct blockage is also studied for different wave conditions.A horizontal turbine section OWC employing a Savonius rotor was tested by varying the opening of OWC exit(0%,25%,50%,75% and 100%) to study the behavior and performance of the *** OWC model was tested at water depth of 0.29 m at frequencies of 0.8,0.9 and 1.0 Hz while the exit openings are *** static pressure,dynamic pressure,rotational speed of the Savonius rotor and the coefficient of power are presented as *** OWC with exit opening of 25% showed greater performance in terms of rotational speed and CP compared to OWC with other exit opening *** proves the ability of the OWC to be tuned by regulating flow in the turbine duct.

关键词： oscillating water column wave energy converter wells turbine impulse turbine Savonius rotor

Transition Features from Simplicity-Universality to Complexity-Diversification Under UHNTF

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2010年第2期53卷 389-398页

作者：方锦清李勇 Network Science group China Institute of Atomic Energy

A large unified hybrid network model with a variable speed growth （LUHNM-VSG） is proposed as third model of the unified hybrid network theoretical framework （UHNTF）. A hybrid growth ratio vg of deterministic linking number to random linking number and variable speed growth index a are introduced in it. The main effects of vg and a on topological transition features of the LUHNM-VSC are revealed. For comparison with the other models, we construct a type of the network complexity pyramid with seven levels, in which from the bottom level-1 to the top level-7 of the pyramid simplicity-universality is increasing but complexity-diversity is decreasing. The transition relations between them depend on matching of four hybrid ratios （dr, fd, gr, vg）. Thus the most of network models can be investigated in the unification way via four hybrid ratios （dr, fd, gr, vg）. The LUHNM-VSG as the level-1 of the pyramid is much better and closer to description of real-world networks as well as has potential application.

关键词： unified hybrid network theoretical framework unified hybrid network model with variable speedgrowth network complexity pyramid complexity-diversification simplicity-universality

Strategic recommendations for financing green and sustainable energy projects

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Clean energy 2023年第5期7卷 1069-1077页

作者： Arindam Dutta Akash Samanta Department of energy management Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business ManagementIndia

The main hindrances to the large-scale development of renewable-energy projects are the lack of bankability and the inability to align investments and investors with suitable financial instruments or robust policy *** illustrate a bankable project,this paper presents a research-based case study on the installation of solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftops of 195 trains of the Indian *** information on the annual running hours,exposure to sunlight,efficiency of solar photovoltaic generation and electrical power demands of each rail coach is considered to conduct a quantitative measure of the tentative amount of fossil fuel *** purpose is to provide insight into the types of renewable-energy projects that can be highly attractive to financial institutions and promoters due to their lucrative internal return on *** seen in this case study,there are annual savings in diesel of 12323088 litres and a CO_(2) reduction of 32755 tonnes,with return on investment of 1.3 ***,this study conducts a com-prehensive analysis of the limitations of existing renewable-energy project financing mechanisms in ***,three policy measures are recommended to develop a robust financial mechanism that can effectively meet the needs of investors and *** measures include increasing equity injection through a buy-and-hold strategy,providing direct tax benefits to promoters and financing through real-estate investment *** findings are highly relevant to address the challenges associated with bridging the financial gap between access to finance and capital investment in the renewable-energy sector,especially for Asian countries.

关键词： rooftop solar railways fuel saving return on investment bankable project equity funding debt funding renewable energy

Seasonal coolth storage system for residential buildings in Australia

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第3期19卷 740-747页

作者： T.Lhendup L.Aye R.J.Fuller Renewable energy and energy Efficiency group Department of Infrastructure EngineeringMelbourne School of EngineeringThe University of Melbourne

Night sky cooling is explored as an alternative to the conventional cooling technologies using fossil fuels. The night sky cooling method is based on the long wave radiation of unglazed collectors to the sky at night. An evaluation of the night sky cooling system is present for a residential building in three cities of Australia, namely Alice Springs, Darwin and Melbourne. The system comprises an unglazed flat plate solar collector integrated with borehole storage. It uses night sky radiation to reduce the temperature of the ground near to the boreholes. The system was simulated with TRNSYS, a transient simulation program. The simulation results for adequately sized systems show that night sky radiation is able to reduce the coolth storage borehole temperature and the proposed system is able to meet the cooling load of the residential building simulated in three locations. Borchole lengths of 270, 318 and 106 m are required for coolth storage with 90, 260 and 14 m2 collector area for heat rejection in Alice Springs, Darwin and Melbourne, respectively. At the 20th simulation year, the proposed system is able to achieve a system cooling coefficient of performance of 2.2 in Alice Springs, and 2.8 in Darwin and Melbourne.

关键词： night sky cooling borehole coolth storage unglazed solar collectors