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medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the beijing 2022 olympic winter games

World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 459-466页

作者： Peng-da Han Ding Gao Jie Liu Jing Lou Si-jia Tian Hui-xin Lian Sheng-mei Niu Lu-xi Zhang Yong Wang Jin-jun Zhang Emergence Medical Service Group for Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games Beijing Emergency Medical CenterBeijing 100031China Department of General Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China games services Department Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter GamesBeijing100041China

BACKGROUND:beijing 2022 olympic winter games was the second games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic.To a certain extent,it has altered the way sporting activities operate.There is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.This study aimed to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV olympic winter games in beijing from February 4 to 20,2022.METHODS:We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic,medical venues,and ambulance.We calculated injury and illness incidence as the number of injuries or illnesses occurring during competition or training,respectively,with incidence presented as injuries/illnesses per 100 athlete-days.RESULTS:In total,2,897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness.beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses,equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period.Altogether,11%of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3%incurred at least one illness.The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports(n=104),followed by alpine skiing(n=53),ice track(n=37),freestyle skiing(n=36),and ice hockey(n=35),and was the lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines(n=20).Of the 326 injuries,14(4.3%)led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week.A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care.The number of athletes with illness(n=80)was the highest for skating(n=33)and Nordic skiing(n=22).A total of 50 illnesses(62.5%)were admitted to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology,and the most common cause of illness was other causes,including preexisting illness and medicine(n=52,65%).CONCLUSION:Overall,11%of athletes incurred at least one injury during the games,which is similar to the findings during the olympic winter games in 2014 and 2018.Regarding illness,2%of athlet

关键词： Injuries Illnesses olympic winter games Emergency medical service

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Risk management strategies for the 2022 olympic winter games:The beijing scheme

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第5期11卷 545-547页

作者： Jie Liu Jing Lou Yong Wang Jinjun Zhang Department of General Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China emergence medical service group for the beijing 2022 olympic winter games Beijing Emergency Medical CenterBeijing 100031China games services Department Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter GamesBeijing 102022China

As the first international sporting event scheduled since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the beijing XXIV olympic winter games were officially held in China between the 4th and 20th of February 2022.1 According to the International olympic Committee(IOC),there were approximately 2900 elite athletes from 91 National olympic Committees competing in 109 events during the 16 days of the games.2 In fact,under the conditions of a global pandemic,mass gatherings during large-scale sporting events represent a conducive environment for viral transmission given the close,prolonged,and frequent interactions between participants;this includes an increased risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).

关键词： gathering elite winter

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Effects of a closed-loop system against SARS-CoV-2 at the beijing 2022 olympic winter games:a descriptive and modeling study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第6期14卷 471-476页

作者： Rong Xiong Jieping Zhou Wenning Li Jie Liu Jing Lou Sijia Tian Huixin Lian Shengmei Niu Luxi Zhang Wenhang Li Jinjun Zhang emergence medical service group for beijing 2022 winter olympic games Beijing Emergency Medical CenterBeijing 100031China Department of Neurology Beijing Fuxing HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Department of General Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China games services Department Beijing Organizing Committeefor the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

BACKGROUND:To assess the efficacy of the epidemic prevention measures of the“closed-loop”system adopted by the beijing 2022 olympic winter games(BOWG).METHODS:We retrospectively collected and analyzed information,including age,sex,nationality,vaccination status,date of diagnosis,and date of entry,from 280 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals identified during the BOWG.A susceptibility-exposed-infectious-remove model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention strategies on controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios during the BOWG.RESULTS:Regarding SARS-CoV-2-positive cases,97.9%were imported,and 96.4%were asymptomatic.The median age was 37 years(range:29–47 years),and 73.9%were male,with the majority of cases being broadcasters and European attendees.Regarding vaccination status,93.5%were fully vaccinated,and six cases were considered to have been infected in the closed-loop system during the BOWG.Assuming that the BOWG adopted a semi-closed-loop management system,the cumulative number of confirmed cases would be 1,137 for quick quarantine measures(3 d later)implemented and 5,530 for delayed quarantine measures(9 d later)implemented.This modeling revealed that stringent pandemic prevention measures and closed-loop management effectively controlled the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the BOWG.CONCLUSION:Imported cases are considered the main risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during mass gatherings,but a comprehensive closed-loop system could minimize transmission among attendees and general personnel.

关键词： olympic winter games Emergency medical service SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Infectious disease Transmission

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