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Soil Seed Bank Phytosociology in No-Tillage Systems in the Southwestern Amazon Region

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3399-3413页

作者： Lidiane A. Vargas Alexandre M. A. Passos Veronice A. Marcílio Francis A. Brugnera Vivianni P. D. Leite Rogério S. C. Costa Federal University of rondonia PGCA/PGDRA Porto Velho Brazil embrapa Maize and Sorghum Sete Lagoas Brazil FIMCA Porto Velho Brazil embrapa rondonia Porto Velho Brazil

Understanding the ecological dynamics of weed populations in no-tillage systems is important to establish strategies for integrated weed control capable of increasing agroecosystem sustainability. This study sought to evaluate the effect of succession systems on the seed bank in a no-tillage system. The effects of fifteen succession systems, composed of seven grasses, seven Leguminosae, and a fallow condition, were evaluated on the seed bank at two soil depths (0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm). The species found in the seed bank were quantified and identified by species and family. The precision of sampling, density, dominance, the indices of diversity of Simpson and Shannon-Weiner;index of sustainability;analysis of groupings of dissimilarities;and the value of importance of each species were calculated. High weed diversity was observed;29 species were counted, including members of 12 different families. The highest expression of weeds was observed at soil depths of 0 to 10 cm. The Simpson and Shannon-Weiner coefficients indicated high diversity in both systems of succession. The index of sustainability did not indicate significant alterations in the different systems of succession. The coefficients of confenetic correlation were 0.74% and 0.82% for the 0 - 10 and the 10 - 20 cm soil depths respectively. It is concluded that there is a high diversity of weeds in the agroecosystems of Amazonia, and different cover crops promote modifications in the community and expression of the weeds’ seed bank.

关键词： Sorghum sudanense Phytosociology Integrated Management Sustainability Brazilian Amazonia

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Incorporation of Leguminous Cover Crops in Smallholder Cassava-Based Production System in Western Tanzania

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3490-3501页

作者： Peter Z. Matata Alexandre M. A. Passos Leah W. Masolwa Alaerto L. Marcolan Rodrigo da S. Ribeiro Tumbi Agricultural Research Institute Tabora Tanzania embrapa Maize and Sorghum Sete Lagoas Brazil embrapa rondonia Porto Velho Brazil Federal University of rondonia Rolim de Moura Brazil

Small-scale crop production in many parts of Tanzania is constrained by many problems among which soil fertility degradation is a major problem. Over 80% of cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Tanzania is done by the small-scale farmers who continuously cultivate their fields, but use limited inputs to restore depleted plant nutrients. The objective of this study was to examine the best legume species that could be incorporated in cassava (Manihot esculenta) production systems under farmers’ conditions and result in increase in soil fertility and crop yields. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were either incorporated with cassava (Manihot esculenta) or planted as sole crop in rotation with cassava. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were found to produce almost similar amount of biomass. The two legumes, however, produced higher biomass in rotation than intercropping system. The amount of biomass produced by Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis in rotation system was 6.28 t·ha-1 and 5.31 t·ha-1, respectively. The Mucuna use represents an input of nitrogen into the soil which simulates a saving cost of 181.42 and 141.96 US$ ha-1. In the first year, cassava root yields were significantly increased (p < 0.05) over control (continuous sole cassava) (1.44 t·ha-1) by the use of intercropping of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with Mucuna pruriens (2.41 t·ha-1) and or Canavalia ensiformis (2.25 t·ha-1). Intercropping and rotation of cassava with legumes increase cassava yield and represent a sustainable alternative to reduce the farms’ dependence on external inputs and to enhance inherent soil fertility.

关键词： Mucuna pruriens Canavalia ensiformis Intercropping Rotation Climate Change

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Residual Effects of the Organic Amendments Poultry Litter,Farmyard Manure and Biochar on Soybean Crop

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 1376-1383页

作者： Alexandre Martins Abdao dos Passos Pedro Milanez de Rezende Everson Reis Carvalho Andreia Marcilane Aker embrapa rondonia Porto VelhoBrazil Federal University of Lavras(UFLA) LavrasBrazil Federal University of rondonia(UNIR) Rolim de MouraBrazil

The use of organic wastes, as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer, can be an important strategy for Brazilian and tropical agriculture. Despite the importance, few field studies have been done for evaluating organic amendments on soybean crops in Brazil. The study aimed to evaluate the residual effects of the organic amendments poultry litter, farmyard manure and biochar combined with mineral fertilizer on some agronomic attributes of a soybean crop. A field experiment was carried out in a split-split-plot scheme, with three replicates in a randomized block experimental design. The organic sources (plots) at rates of 0, 3, 6 and 9 Mg·ha-1 (subplots) combined with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg·ha-1 (sub subplots) of a mineral fertilizer were applied in 2008. In 2009, only the mineral fertilizer was used on the soybean crop. As a?result, all evaluated attributes were influenced by the treatments, except for the number of grains per pod. The application of poultry litter provided the highest yield (3715 kg·ha-1 using 9 Mg·ha-1 of the source). A synergistic effect between organic amendments and mineral fertilizer was observed. It was found the possibility of decrease doses of mineral fertilizers by prior use of organic amendments. The most effective dose combination application is 5.5 Mg·ha-1 of organic amendments associated with 200 kg·ha-1 of mineral fertilizer to provide optimum yield. The use of organic amendments, rich in nutrients, is a technology to sustainably increase the soybean grain yield.

关键词： Glycine max Integrated Production Organic Wastes Sustainability Yield

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Portable Diagnostic Platform for Detection of Microorganisms Coliforms and ***

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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第5期10卷 224-237页

作者： Natália Faria Romao Nathalia Aparecida Costa Pereira Maribel Elizabeth Funes-Huacca Luciana Gatto Brito Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazonia Legal(BIONORTE) Fundacao Universidade Federal de Rondonia(UNIR)Porto VelhoBrazil Department of Chemistry Fundacao Universidade Federal de Rondônia(UNIR)Porto VelhoBrazil Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária(embrapa) BelémBrazil

Portable diagnostic devices are a viable and low-cost alternative for the detection of pathogens, since they reduce the time of analysis of results availability. Ease of sample collection and quick diagnosis allow this new input to be applied in the diagnosis of the main contaminating microorganisms present in the water. Laboratory tests evaluated the technical viability of the diagnostic device, using commercial strains which were inoculated and optimized in the devices and their growth compared to the conventional method in Petri dishes. Samples of 100 μL bacterial suspension were tested and compared with the traditional sample inoculation method. The device viability was determined by detecting characteristic bacterial colonies in a specific culture medium through the colorimetric development of the obtained colonies. The feasibility assessments allow us to affirm that the device enables both qualitative and quantitative detection of the target bacteria present in liquid samples, and is promising to be applied to assess the quality of water, food and environmental surfaces.

关键词： Portable Device Bacterial Contamination Environment

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