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Is the Internal Market Able to Accommodate the Strong Growth Projected for Brazilian aquaculture？

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第5期4卷 407-417页

作者： Roberto Manolio Valladao Flores Manoel Xavier Pedroza Filho embrapa fisheries and aquaculture Palmas 77020-020 Brazil

The Brazilian aquaculture industry has shown a strong production growth in recent years. Regarding consumption, analysts believe in a potential expansion of domestic demand for fish in Brazil due to current low per capita consumption and a growing deficit of trade balance. This paper intends to investigate whether there is domestic demand to absorb the increased supply provided by the growth of aquaculture production in Brazil. The investigation consisted in analyze the relationship between the domestic consumption, the population income and the fish price, and analyzed the behavior of this consumption due to the increase of production, using annual time series from 1995 to 2009. Econometric methods of time series showed that could not be said that there will be balance in the fish market.

关键词： aquaculture consumption vector autoregressive elasticity of demand.

Use of High-Yielding Bioenergy Plant Castor Bean(Ricinus communis L.) as a Potential Phytoremediator for Copper-Contaminated Soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第5期23卷 651-661页

作者： R. ANDREAZZA L. BORTOLON S. PIENIZ F. A. O. CAMARGO Department of Soil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Laboratory of Soil Microbiology Center of Engineer Federal University of Pelotas embrapa - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation National Research Center of Fisheries Aquaculture and Agricultural Systems Department of Technology and Food Microbiology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Copper （Cu） contamination in the environment has been increased during the years with agricultural and industrial activities. Biotechnological approaches are needed for bioremediation in these areas. The aims of this study were i） to evaluate the phytoreme- diation capacity of the high-yielding bioenergy plant castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） in vineyard soils （Inceptisol and Mollisol） contaminated with Cu and a Cu mining waste; ii） to characterize the castor bean as a Cu phytoremediation plant; and iii） to evaluate the nutrient uptake by castor bean. Castor bean plants cultivated in soil with toxic levels of Cu for 57 d exhibited high phytomass production, a high tolerance index of roots＇ fresh mass and shoots＇ dry mass, a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation in the roots and also, a robust capacity for Cu phytostabilization. Furthermore, castor bean plants did not significantly deplete soil nutrients （such as N, P, and Mg） during cultivation. Plants cultivated in Inceptisol, Mollisol and Cu mining waste exhibited a strong potential for Cu phytoaccumulation, with values of 5900, 3 052 and 2805 g ha-1, respectively. In addition, the castor bean＇s elevated phytomass production and strong growth in Cu-contaminated soils indicated a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation and a potential application in biofuels. These findings indicate that the castor bean is a efficient hyperaccumulator of Cu and a potential candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soil.

关键词： biofuels phytoaccumulation phytoremediation phytostabilization

Brazilian Tropical Grassland Ecosystems: Distribution and Research Advances

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 924-932页

作者： Vitor Del’Alamo Guarda Renato Del’Alamo Guarda Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa Fisheries and AquaculturePalmasTocantinsBrazil Nuscience.Itupeva São PauloBrazil

A few decades ago we sought the understanding of the functioning of Brazilian ecosystems. During these years, changes in the way land use were influenced primarily by economic issues involving the process of valuation of land in different regions. Furthermore, developments in research have provided productive increments that were well characterized in some phases. This paper aims to trace a brief history of the distribution of grassland ecosystems in Brazil and show how it has been the advances in research on forages and pastures in the country, pointing its evolution, transition times and trends. Moreover, it purports to show a perspective of the dynamics of occupation of Brazilian territory by these ecosystems. The information is presented on three occasions, seeking to encourage understanding of where livestock grazing occurs and how the dynamics of occupation of the area was favored by the search. Also, it shows how the research was fundamental for Brazil occupy little arable areas considered, making the country one of the largest producers of cattle in the world.

关键词： Grassland Ecophysiology Cerrado Grazing Management Plant-Animal Relationship

Phosphorus and potassium fertilization in no till southern Brazilian soils

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 39-49页

作者： Jairo André Schlindwein Leandro Bortolon Elaine Cosma Fioreli-Pereira Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon Clesio Gianello Department of Soil Federal University of RondôniaRolim de MouraBrazil embrapa—National Research Center of fisheries Aquaculture and Agricultural SystemsPalmasBrazil Department of Soil Science Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels in southern Brazilian (Rio Grande do Sul, RS) soils are largely below the critical concentrations more than four decades after implementation of the officially recommended system. This study aims to evaluate the increase in P and K levels in 0-10 and 0-20 cm deep samples from no-till soils using the Mehlich-1 (M1) and Mehlich-3 (M3) extractants as well as resin methods and to estimate the amount of P2O5 and K2O fertilizers necessary to increase the P and K soil levels by 1 mg·kg-1. The study was conducted in fields cultivated using a no-till system (direct planting) to grow soybeans, wheat, maize, pasture, and cover crops and fertilized with P2O5 and K2O. Soil samples were collected from the 0-10 and 0-20 cm soil layers and analyzed by the M1, M3, and resin methods. The results demonstrated that the P and K levels increased in the 0-10 and 0-20 cm layers. However, the amount of these levels increased depending on the source of phosphate fertilization and on the P and K extraction methods used. The amount of P2O5 fertilization needed to raise the P level by 1 mg·kg-1 was greater in the 0-20 cm layer than in the 0-10 cm layer, and the amount of K2O fertilization needed to raise the K level by 1 mg·kg-1 was higher in the 0-10 cm layer than in the 0-20 cm layer.

关键词： P_(2)O_(5) K_(2)O Sample Depth Soil Analysis Methods

Copper Phytoextraction and Phytostabilization by <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i>Stapf. in Vineyard Soils and a Copper Mining Waste

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第6期3卷 273-282页

作者： Robson Andreazza Leandro Bortolon Simone Pieniz Flávio A. O. Camargo Elisandra Solange Oliveira Bortolon Department of Soil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Laboratory of Soil Microbiology Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Soil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Laboratory of Soil Microbiology Porto Alegre Brazil Department of Technology and Food Microbiology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul RS Porto Alegre Brazil. embrapa-National Research Center of fisheries Aquaculture and Agricultural Systems Palmas Brazil

Brachiaria decumbens is a high biomass plant with great potential for phytoremediation of copper-polluted soils. The current study aimed to evaluate B. decumbens plants for phytoextraction and phytostabilization use in two different copper contaminated vineyard soils and a copper mining waste. Also, the macro and micronutrients uptake were evaluated after plants growth in copper contaminated soils. B. decumbens was cultivated in two vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) and a copper mining waste for 47 days of growth in greenhouse. Then, B. decumbens’s nutrient uptake was evaluated, and it’s potential application in phytoremediation techniques for the phytoextraction and phytostabilization of copper contamination. B. decumbens exhibited high levels of biomass production at contaminated soils and no negative effect on macronutrients uptake was found. Copper contaminated soils affected micronutrients uptake by Brachiaria plants. This Brachiaria specie showed high potential on copper phytoextraction with accumulation of copper concentrations in the shoots and roots of 70 and 585 mg·kg-1 of dry mass, respectively, in the vineyard Inceptisol soil, after 47 days of growth. Mollisol soil and copper mining waste also exhibited high copper concentration in the biomass in the entire plant with 371 and 466 mg·kg-1, respectively. Although Brachiaria exhibited low levels of translocation factor for copper, this specie showed high potential for copper phytoextraction on Inceptisol, Mollisol and copper mining waste with 1900, 1156 and 1363 g·ha-1 of copper, respectively. In summary, B. decumbens plants showed high potential for copper phytoextraction and phytostabilization of copper on contaminated vineyard soils and copper mining

关键词： Soil Pollution Soil Remediation Nutrient Uptake Bioremediation