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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第6期6卷 811-817页

作者： Mariangela Hungria Marco Antonio Nogueira Ricardo Silva Araujo embrapa Soja Londrina Brazil Total Biotecnologia Indústria e Comércio Ltda Curitiba Brazil

Legume nodulation by rhizobia can supply crops with nitrogen and reduce environmental impacts caused by chemical fertilization. The soybean crop in Brazil is an impressive example of how biological N2 fixation can be employed with a plant species of high economic value. However, the development of more productive cultivars, along with the increasing global climatic changes demand agricultural practices to become more productive and yet more environmentally friendly. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are highly beneficial to agriculture worldwide, acting in plant nutrition, protection, and growth stimulation. Azospirillum is, certainly, the most employed PGPR in the world, but little is known about its interaction with rhizobia, when both are applied to legume seeds. We have evaluated the co-inoculation of bradyrhizobia and azospirilla on soybean seeds under different soil and climate conditions in Brazil. Our results demonstrated that co-inoculation is efficient and beneficial to the crop, and promotes yield increases without adding any chemical N fertilizers even in soils where established populations of soybean bradyrhizobia exist. The strategy of co-inoculation thus represents a new biotechnological tool to improve soybean yield without adding any chemical N fertilizers, thus contributing to current practices of sustainability in agriculture.

关键词： Soybean Azospirillum Bradyrhizobium Inoculation Yield

Comparison of Experimental Methods to Assess the Competitive Ability of Weed Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2185-2196页

作者： Leandro Galon Germani Concenco Gismael Francisco Perin Alexandre Ferreira da Silva Cesar Tiago Forte Felipe de Adelio David Lauri Lourenco Radüz André Luiz Radunz André Andres Siumar Pedro Tironi Samara Emerim Concenco Plant Science Department Federal University of the Southern Border Erechim Brazil Weed Science Embrapa Western Agriculture Dourados Brazil embrapa Maize and Sorghum Sete Lagoas Brazil Weed Science Embrapa Temperate Agriculture Pelotas Brazil Plant Science Department Federal University of the Southern Border Chapecó Brazil Federal Institute of Santa Catarina at Santa Rosa do Su-SC Santa Rosa do Sul Brazil

Competition between crops and weeds interfere on growth and development with harm to one or both, in different ways. To quantify these differences in competition, additive and replacement series study methods are most often used, each with different characteristics and goals. Therefore, we aimed with this work to study inter-specific competition between plants of soybean and corn against the weeds Bidens pilosa (beggartick) and Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), by two experimental methods of study: additive and replacement series (substitutive) experiments. Initial tests were performed prior to the installation of replacement series experiments to describe the intra-specific competition features for all species. For additive experiments these are unnecessary. To compare the methods of study, there were two sets of trials (an additive and a substitutive) installed under greenhouse, during the growing season 2013/14. Variables analyzed were leaf area and dry weight of shoots of crops and weeds, at 50 days after emergence. The results were analyzed according to the methods used, these being compared. It was found that the additive method supplied results most prone to be applied in the field, while the replacement series (substitutive) method was more appropriate for studies that aimed to provide detailed scientific information regarding the proportions of plants and coefficients describing the behavior of the species community.

关键词： Interference Zea mays Glycine max Weeds

Using dung beetles to evaluate the effects of urbanization on Atlantic Forest biodiversity

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 393-406页

作者： Vanesca Korasaki Jose Lopes George Gardner Brown Julio Louzada Departamento de Agronomia Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina-PR Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu~ria Embrapa Florestas Colombo-PR Departamento de Biologia Setor de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras Minas Gerais Brazil

We used dung beetles to evaluate the impact of urbanization on insect biodi- versity in three Atlantic Forest fragments in Londrina, Parana, Brazil. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of urbanization on richness, abundance, compo- sition and guild structure of dung beetle communities from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the community aspects （abundance, richness, composition and food guilds） of dung beetles in fragments with different degrees of immersion in the urban matrix using pitfall traps with four alternative baits （rotten meat, rotten fish, pig dung and decaying ba- nana）. A total of 1 719 individuals were collected, belonging to 29 species from 11 genera and six Scarabaeinae tribes. The most urban-immersed fragment showed a higher species dominance and the beetle community captured on dung presented the greatest evenness. The beetle communities were distinct with respect to the fragments and feeding habits. Except for the dung beetle assemblage in the most urbanized forest fragment, all others exhibited contrasting differences in species composition attracted to each bait type. Our results clearly show that the degree of urbanization affects Atlantic Forest dung beetle communities and that the preservation of forest fragments inside the cities, even small ones, can provide refuges for Scarabaeinae.

关键词： bioindicator coprophagous beetles food preference fragmentation habitat loss urban matrix

Transcriptome analyses of the Dof-like gene family in grapevine reveal its involvement in berry, flower and seed development

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 124-133页

作者： Danielle Costenaro da Silva Vítor da Silveira Falavigna Marianna Fasoli Vanessa Buffon Diogo Denardi Porto Georgios Joannis Pappas Jr Mario Pezzotti Giancarlo Pasquali Luís Fernando Revers Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Center for BiotechnologyUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre91501-970RSBrazil Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Universitàdegli Studi di VeronaVerona37134Italy embrapa Uva e Vinho Bento Gonçalves95701-008RSBrazil embrapa Semiárido Petrolina56302-970PEBrazil Department of Cell Biology Universidade de BrasíliaBrasília70910-900DFBrazil Syngenta Seeds Ltda UberlândiaMG38407-049Brazil Modesto CA 95354USA

The Dof(DNA-binding with one finger)protein family spans a group of plant transcription factors involved in the regulation of several functions,such as plant responses to stress,hormones and light,phytochrome signaling and seed *** we describe the Dof-like gene family in grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.),which consists of 25 genes coding for *** extensive in silico characterization of the VviDofL gene family was ***,the expression of the entire gene family was assessed in 54 grapevine tissues and organs using an integrated approach with microarray(cv Corvina)and real-time PCR(cv Pinot Noir)*** phylogenetic analysis comparing grapevine sequences with those of Arabidopsis,tomato,poplar and already described Dof genes in other species allowed us to identify several duplicated *** diversification of grapevine DofL genes during evolution likely resulted in a broader range of biological ***,distinct expression patterns were identified between samples analyzed,corroborating such *** expression results indicate that several VviDofL genes perform their functional roles mainly during flower,berry and seed development,highlighting their importance for grapevine growth and *** identification of similar expression profiles between both approaches strongly suggests that these genes have important regulatory roles that are evolutionally conserved between grapevine cvs Corvina and Pinot Noir.

关键词： involvement organs assessed

In vitro establishment of shoot meristems of Ilex paraguariensis and identification of endophytic bacteria

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1765-1777页

作者： Jessica de Cassia Tomasi Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach Renata Lucia Grunennvaldt Germana Davila dos Santos Vania Aparecida Vicente Luziane Franciscon Cleusa Bona Marguerite Quoirin Department of Crop Production and Protection Federal University of Parana1540 Rua dos Funciona′riosCuritibaPR 80035-060Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation(embrapa)Forestry ColomboPRBrazil Department of Basic Pathology Federal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil Department of Botany Federal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil

Yerba mate(Ilex paraguariensis ***.-Hil.)is a species of great economic,social and environmental importance for the southern regions of Brazil,Uruguay and *** the most diverse products are obtained from mate leaves,including mate *** objective of this study was to establish shoot meristem cultures(meristematic dome and a few primordia)of elite clones and identify the endophytic bacteria present in the *** tested the effect of clones(F1,F2,A03 and A07),culture media(MS,1/2MS,1/4MS and WPM),cytokinins(kinetin,BA and 2iP),activated charcoal(1,2 and 3 g L^-1),and disinfecting agent(sodium hypochlorite and mercuric chloride)on in vitro establishment.F1 and F2 clones were the most responsive for shoot meristem in vitro *** medium supplemented with 8.8 lM 2iP,0.2 lM NAA and 3 g L^-1 activated charcoal was the most suitable for the in vitro establishment of the F1 *** phytotoxic effect of the disinfectant was observed and some meristems *** isolated endophytic bacterium was identified for the first time in yerba mate as Agrobacterium *** conclude,we were able to establish in vitro culture of yerba mate using meristems as explants but the tissues were not free of endophytic microorganisms which could interfere with explant response.

关键词： Yerba mate Tissue culture 2iP Activated charcoal Endophytic bacteria Agrobacterium larrymoorei Oxidation

Different no-till grain production systems with Urochloa *** soil microbial community structure,biomass and activity in a tropical Ultisol

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 119-129页

作者： Matheus Emannuel Oliveira Vieira Lucas Dantas Lopes France Mario Costa Viviane Talamini Edson Patto Pacheco Marcelo Ferreira Fernandes PPGAGRI Universidade Federal de SergipeAv.Marechal Rondons/n-49100-000-Sao CristovaoSEBrazil embrapa Coastal Tablelands Av Govemador Paulo Barreto de Menezesn°3250-49025-040-AracajuSEBrazil

Integrated grain cropping systems promote soil health(SH)and *** biomass and activity(MBA)and community structure(MCS)are key to *** of maize with Urochloa pastures strongly impacts MBA and *** is more sensitive than MCS to shifts in grain cropping *** under continuous Urochloa increased microbial activity and AMF *** soils are prone to *** of conservation agricultural practices is essential to improve soil health,which is influenced by soil *** this study we analyzed shifts in microbial biomass and activity(MBA)and microbial community structure(MCS)based on fatty acid methyl esthers(FAMEs)between five no-till agricultural practices:maize monoculture(MM);maize annualy intercropped with Urochloa decumbens(M/Ud);M/Ud with soybean rotation every other year(M/Ud-S);M/Ud keeping the pasture for the next two years(M/Ud-Ud-Ud);and maize intercropped with *** keeping the pasture for the next two years(M/Ur-Ur-Ur).Results indicated that MBA was affected by the inclusion of Urochloa intercropping and by rotation with *** under a longer residence time with Urochloa in the field had higherβ-glucosidase activity and soil basal respiration,indicating a greater microbial *** was less affected than MBA by the investigated cropping *** changed only in the continuous pasture systems,which were enriched in arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungi(AMF).Additionally,the continuous pasture systems had lower microbial stress ratios than the other agricultural *** sum,our study showed that utilization of Urochloa *** longer periods in no-till agricultural practices contributes to increase microbial activity,AMF abundance and decrease microbial stress *** changes are primarily beneficial for soil health.

关键词： crop-pasture integration crop rotation no-tillage soil health microbial ecology

Inheritance of R Locus Expressing Brown Hilum on Black Seed Coat in Soybean

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1857-1861页

作者： Valeria Carpentieri-Pipolo Leones Alves de Almeida Romeu Afonso de Souza Kiihl embrapa Trigo Passo Fundo Brazil TMG Tropical Melhoramento e Genética Ltda Cambé Brazil

Color is one of the phenotypic markers mostly used to study soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in the study of genetic, molecular and biochemical processes, due to their easy recognizability. The genetic control of several soybean natural variants has not been studied. The standard phenotype of R gene is black hilum on black seed. The genetic type T16 is the only occurrence with brown hilum on black seed coat and its genetic control was not described until now. The aim of this study is to understand the genetic control of seed coat and hilum color in the genetic types T16 and in the natural variants of Bragg, BR6 and BR13. T16 was combinined with Bragg P and BR13P (black seed color) and BR6M (brown seed color) and T236 (r-m). It was found that the genetic control of the brown hilum trait in black seed coat of the T16 genotype was controlled by two loci segregating independently and controlling the expression of the color of the hilum and the seed coat color. The expression of the brown hilum trait in black seed coat is dependent on locus T_, which controls pubescence color;therefore it occurs only in genotypes with tawny brown pubescence (T_), which caracterizes the pleiotropic effect of this locus on the trait hilum brown trait in black seed coat. The color of the hilum and the seed coat color belong to the same allelic sequence. No maternal effect was found in the expression of hilum brown trait in black seed coat.

关键词： Seed Coat Colour Glycine max Mutable Allele Soybean

DiagData： A Tool for Generation of Fuzzy Inference System

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第3期1卷 336-343页

作者： Silvia Maria Fonseca Silveira Massruha Raphael Fuini Riccioti Helano Povoas Lima Carlos Alberto AlvesMeira Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Embrapa Agricultural Informatics S6o Paulo State 13083-886 Brazil

In this paper, it described the architecture of a tool called DiagData. This tool aims to use a large amount of data and information in the field of plant disease diagnostic to generate a disease predictive system. In this approach, techniques of data mining are used to extract knowledge from existing data. The data is extracted in the form of rules that are used in the development of a predictive intelligent system. Currently, the specification of these rules is built by an expert or data mining. When data mining on a large database is used, the number of generated rules is very complex too. The main goal of this work is minimize the rule generation time. The proposed tool, called DiagData, extracts knowledge automatically or semi-automatically from a database and uses it to build an intelligent system for disease prediction. In this work, the decision tree learning algorithm was used to generate the rules. A toolbox called Fuzzygen was used to generate a prediction system from rules generated by decision tree algorithm. The language used to implement this software was Java. The DiagData has been used in diseases prediction and diagnosis systems and in the validation of economic and environmental indicators in agricultural production systems. The validation process involved measurements and comparisons of the time spent to enter the rules by an expert with the time used to insert the same rules with the proposed tool. Thus, the tool was successfully validated, providing a reduction of time.

关键词： Prediction modelling data mining decision tree machine learning fuzzy inference system fuzzygen.

Development,Validation and Characterization of Genic Microsatellite Markers in Urochloa Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第2期9卷 281-295页

作者： Juliana Santos Souza Lucimara Chiari Rosangela Maria Simeao Mariane de Mendonca Vilela Leonardo Rippel Salgado Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp-Campus Agrárias Campo GrandeBrazil embrapa Gado de Corte Campo GrandeBrazil

Urochloa (syn. Brachiaria) cultivars represent 85% of tropical pastures occupying 114 million hectares of cultivated grasslands in Brazil. Despite the commercial importance of the Urochloa species, low molecular information is available and is far from saturating the genome. Investigating and obtaining more markers associated to characteristics of difficult and late expression can benefit in accelerating breeding programs of more important species. Aiming to increase the number of molecular markers, genic microsatellite markers were obtained from transcriptome of U. decumbens and analyzed for their cross-amplification to U. brizantha, U. humidicola and U. ruziziensis. Genic microsatellite markers were isolated from a transcriptome obtained of U. decumbens “Basilisk” roots. Specific primers were designed for one hundred loci, and 32 were polymorphic presenting polymorphism informative content values ranging of 0.12 to 0.81 (mean 0.54). Amplified microsatellite regions yield an average of 4.44 alleles per locus (ranging of 1 to 13). Cross-amplification to U. brizantha, U. humidicola and U. ruziziensis were successfully performed, although the number of the loci transferred varied among them. Multiple Correspondence Analysis revealed three distinct groups separating accessions and species. Four genetic markers presented high potential to distinguish sexual and apomictic accessions of Urochloa and must be further investigated. The genic markers identified in this study are the first set of expressed sequence tagged molecular markers for Urochloa species.

关键词： Brachiaria Signalgrass Simple Sequence Repeat Transferability Tropical Forage

Water Quality and Agricultural Sustainability in the Mantiqueira Ecological Corridor,Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第6期5卷 500-508页

作者： Gabriele Medeiros dos Santos Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes-Assad Marcos Cicarini Hott Marcelo Henrique Otenio Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Sao PauloBrasil embrapa Gado de Leite Juiz de ForaBrasil

The presence of fecal coliforms is one of the determinants for classification of the quality of water bodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the water quality and surrounding land use in the area known as the Mantiqueira Ecological Corridor, which straddles the borders of the states of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, in Brazil. More particularly, we studied ten municipalities in Minas Gerais located in the region surrounding Serra do Papagaio State Park and Ibitipoca State Park. We established a classification of water bodies in the area surrounding the collection points in drainage basins based on the principles of sustainability. Using TM/Landsat 5 images, SPOTMap mosaics and the SRTM digital elevation model, we correlated land use classes with the environmental contamination index and topographic characteristics of the area studied. The presence of agriculture and urban areas heightened the differences in water quality classification in the comparison between the dry and rainy seasons, while in forested areas there was a greater equilibrium, with the same classification between the two seasons.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Water Body Classification Land Use Drainage Basin