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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 136-142页

作者： Deepthi Jayasekara Suranjith L. Seneviratne Arindra Jayasekara Ishan De Zoysa Department of Infectious Diseases Western University Pomona USA emanate health West Covina USA Department of Surgery University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka Department of Clinical Immunology Royal Free Hospital London UK Tulane University New Orleans USA

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has now spread to all parts of the world and as of 26th July 2020, more than 16 million cases and over 600,000 deaths have been reported. The commonest presentation is respiratory in nature with non-productive cough, fever and shortness of breath. Some COVID-19 patients have had atypical or unusual presentations involving the neurological, metabolic, gastrointestinal, renal, haematological, cutaneous and cardiovascular systems. In this mini-review, we have outlined the main atypical or unusual clinical presentations of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Atypical Presentation

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Tunneling nanotubes and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2031-2032页

作者： Kate E.Keller Department of Ophthalmology Department of Chemical Physiology and BiochemistryOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandORUSA

Glaucoma and the actin cytoskeleton:Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy,with pathophysiological changes affecting anterior and posterior tissues of the *** trabecular meshwork(TM)in the anterior segment regulates intraocular pressure(IOP),while photoreceptors in the posterior retina convert light into signals that retinal ganglion cells(RGC)transmit to the *** TM is a small,fenestrated tissue located in the anterior chamber angle,between the iris and cornea(Figure 1A1).In humans,the majority of aqueous humor fluid drains through the TM into Schlemm’s *** the outflow channels become blocked,as in glaucoma,IOP starts to increase,pushing the lens and vitreous back onto the optic ***-induced damage to the optic nerve head causes a progressive loss of RGCs and their axons,which leads to irreversible *** or pharmacological management of IOP prevents RGC damage in glaucoma *** pharmacological therapies either reduce production of aqueous humor fluid,or increase aqueous drainage via the TM or the uveoscleral outflow ***,a new class of glaucoma therapies targeting the actin cytoskeleton were approved by the Food and Drug *** are known as the Rho kinase inhibitors,and they act on the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase signaling pathway to disassemble actin stress fibers in TM and Schlemm’s canal cells(Rao et al.,2017;Lin et al.,2018).While the molecular details are only partially understood,perturbing the actomyosin system can alter cell shape,volume,contractility,and adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix(Tian et al.,2009),which in turn allows greater aqueous outflow and a reduction in *** addition to forming stress fibers,filamentous actin assembles into actin bundles,which are a major component of filopodia,long finger-like projections that emanate from the cell surface,as well as the related cellular protrusions known as tunneling nanotubes(TNTs).

关键词： glaucoma fibers Figure

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