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Performance Analysis of ZF and RZF in Low-Resolution ADC/DAC Massive MIMO Systems

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China Communications 2024年第8期21卷 115-126页

作者： Talha Younas Shen Jin Muluneh Mekonnen Gao Mingliang Saqib Saleem Sohaib Tahir Mahrukh Liaqat School of electrical and Electronic engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China department of electrical and Computer engineering COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal Campus department of electrical and Computer engineering College of EngineeringDhofar UniversitySalalah 211Oman department of electrical and Computer engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia department of electrical engineering College of Electrical and Mechanical EngineeringNUSTIslamabadPakistan

Large number of antennas and higher bandwidth usage in massive multiple-input-multipleoutput(MIMO)systems create immense burden on receiver in terms of higher power *** power consumption at the receiver radio frequency(RF)circuits can be significantly reduced by the application of analog-to-digital converter(ADC)of low *** this paper we investigate bandwidth efficiency(BE)of massive MIMO with perfect channel state information(CSI)by applying low resolution ADCs with Rician *** start our analysis by deriving the additive quantization noise model,which helps to understand the effects of ADC resolution on BE by keeping the power constraint at the receiver in *** also investigate deeply the effects of using higher bit rates and the number of BS antennas on bandwidth efficiency(BE)of the *** emphasize that good bandwidth efficiency can be achieved by even using low resolution ADC by using regularized zero-forcing(RZF)combining *** also provide a generic analysis of energy efficiency(EE)with different options of bits by calculating the energy efficiencies(EE)using the achievable *** emphasize that satisfactory BE can be achieved by even using low-resolution ADC/DAC in massive MIMO.

关键词： low-bit analog-digital converter massive(multiple-input-multiple-output)MIMO minimum mean square error(MMSE) regularized zero forcing zero forcing

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Monolithic integrated optoelectronic chip for vector force detection

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 245-257页

作者： Jiansong Feng Zhongqi Wang Mengyuan Zhanghu Xu Zhang Yong Shen Jing Yang Zhibin Li Bin Chen Taihong Wang Xiaolong Chen Zhaojun Liu department of electrical and Electronic engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China department of electrical and Electronic engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Sensors with a small footprint and real-time detection capabilities are crucial in robotic surgery and smart wearable *** device footprint while maintaining its high performance is a major challenge and a significant limitation to their ***,we proposed a monolithic integrated micro-scale sensor,which can be used for vector force *** sensor combines an optical source,four photodetectors,and a hemispherical silicone elastomer component on the same sapphire-based AlGaInP *** chip-scale optical coupling is achieved by employing the laser lift-off techniques and the flip-chip bonding to a processed sapphire *** hemispherical structure device can detect normal and shear forces as low as 1mN within a measurement range of 0–220 mN for normal force and 0–15 mN for shear *** packaging,the sensor is capable of detecting forces over a broader range,with measurement capabilities extending up to 10 N for normal forces and 0.2 N for shear *** has an accuracy of detecting a minimum normal force of 25 mN and a minimum shear force of 20 ***,this sensor has been validated to have a compact footprint of approximately 1.5 mm^(2),while maintaining high real-time *** also demonstrate its promising potential by combining this sensor with fine surface texture perception in the fields of compact medical robot interaction and wearable devices.

关键词： robot force smart

Asymmetrical Fault Current Calculation Method and Influencing Factors Analysis of Droop-Controlled Inverters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 562-573页

作者： Huimin Zhao Zhikang Shuai Jun Ge An Luo Weimin Wu Z.John Shen College of electrical and Information engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410006China electrical engineering department Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China department of electrical and Computer engineering Ilinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616 USA

Since the fault dynamic of droop-controlled inverter is different from synchronous generators (SGs), protection devices may become invalid, and the fault overcurrent may damage power electronic devices and threaten the safety of the microgrid. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive fault analysis of the inverter to guide the design of protection schemes. However, due to the complexity of droop control strategy, existing literatures have simplified asymmetric fault analysis of droop-controlled inverters to varying degrees. Therefore, accurate fault analysis of a droop-controlled inverter is needed. In this paper, by analyzing the control system, an accurate fault model is established. Based on this, a calculation method for instantaneous asymmetrical fault current is proposed. In addition, the current components and current characteristics are analyzed. It was determined that fault currents are affected by control loops, fault types, fault distance and nonlinear limiters. In particular, the influences of limiters on the fault model, fault current calculation and fault current characteristics were analyzed. Through detailed analysis, it was found that dynamics of the control loop cannot be ignored, the fault type and fault distance determine fault current level, and part of the limiters will totally change the fault current trend. Finally, calculation and experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed method.

关键词： Asymmetrical fault analysis droop control fault current calculation method limiter transient fault characteristics

An improved pulse coupled neural networks model for semantic IoT

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 557-567页

作者： Rong Ma Zhen Zhang Yide Ma Xiping Hu Edith C.H.Ngai Victor C.M.Leung School of Information Science and engineering Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China department of electrical and Electronic engineer The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China College of Computer Science and Software engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China department of electrical and Computer engineering the University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

In recent years,the Internet of Things(IoT)has gradually developed applications such as collecting sensory data and building intelligent services,which has led to an explosion in mobile data ***,with the rapid development of artificial intelligence,semantic communication has attracted great attention as a new communication ***,for IoT devices,however,processing image information efficiently in real time is an essential task for the rapid transmission of semantic *** the increase of model parameters in deep learning methods,the model inference time in sensor devices continues to *** contrast,the Pulse Coupled Neural Network(PCNN)has fewer parameters,making it more suitable for processing real-time scene tasks such as image segmentation,which lays the foundation for real-time,effective,and accurate image ***,the parameters of PCNN are determined by trial and error,which limits its *** overcome this limitation,an Improved Pulse Coupled Neural Networks(IPCNN)model is proposed in this *** IPCNN constructs the connection between the static properties of the input image and the dynamic properties of the neurons,and all its parameters are set adaptively,which avoids the inconvenience of manual setting in traditional methods and improves the adaptability of parameters to different types of *** segmentation results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed self-adaptive parameter setting method of IPCNN on the gray images and natural images from the Matlab and Berkeley Segmentation *** IPCNN method achieves a better segmentation result without training,providing a new solution for the real-time transmission of image semantic information.

关键词： Internet of things(IoT) Semantic information Real-time application Improved pulse coupled neural network Image segmentation

Revisiting non-linear Thomson scattering with metamaterials

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 71-72页

作者： Natalia M.Litchinitser department of electrical and Computer engineering Duke University

Non-linear optics is a branch of optics that studies the intriguing and sometimes unexpected ways in which light and matter interact at high intensities, when the polarization density does not respond linearly to the electric field of the light. The pursuit of the perfect non-linear optical material has been ongoing ever since the pioneering experiment on second harmonic generation carried out by Franken in 1961 [1]. Indeed,

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Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak J.Al-Mubarak Antonio J.Conejo department of electrical and Computer engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA department of electrical engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait department of Integrated Systems engineering and the department of electrical and Computer engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

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Local Hybrid Linear State Estimation for Electric Power Systems Using Stream Processing

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1259-1268页

作者： Kang Sun Manyun Huang Zhinong Wei Yuzhang Lin Guoqiang Sun College of Energy and electrical engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China department of department of electrical and Computer engineering University of Massachusetts LowellLowell MA 01854USA IEEE

The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources with highly fluctuating outputs has placed increasing concern on the accuracy and timeliness of electric power system state estimation(SE).Meanwhile,we note that only a fraction of system states fluctuate at the millisecond level and require to be *** such,refreshing only those states with significant variation would enhance the computational efficiency of SE and make fast-continuous update of states ***,this is difficult to achieve with conventional SE methods,which generally refresh states of the entire system every 4–5 *** this context,we propose a local hybrid linear SE framework using stream processing,in which synchronized measurements received from phasor measurement units(PMUs),and trigger/timingmode measurements received from remote terminal units(RTUs)are used to update the associated local ***,the measurement update process efficiency and timeliness are enhanced by proposing a trigger measurement-based fast dynamic partitioning algorithm for determining the areas of the system with states requiring *** particular,non-iterative hybrid linear formulations with both RTUs and PMUs are employed to solve the local SE *** timeliness,accuracy,and computational efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated by extensive simulations based on IEEE 118-,300-,and 2383-bus systems.

关键词： Fast dynamic partitioning local hybrid linear state estimation phasor measurement units stream processing timeliness trigger/timing-mode measurements

A Review of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Diseases

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2617-2665页

作者： Xinlong Diao Xiao Wang Junkang Qin Qinmu Wu Zhiqin He Xinghong Fan department of electrical engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyangChina

In recent years,Artificial Intelligence(AI)has revolutionized people’s *** has long made breakthrough progress in the field of ***,the research on the application of AI in orthopedics is still in the exploratory *** paper first introduces the background of AI and orthopedic diseases,addresses the shortcomings of traditional methods in the detection of fractures and orthopedic diseases,draws out the advantages of deep learning and machine learning in image detection,and reviews the latest results of deep learning and machine learning applied to orthopedic image detection in recent years,describing the contributions,strengths and weaknesses,and the direction of the future improvements that can be made in each ***,the paper also introduces the difficulties of traditional orthopedic surgery and the roles played by AI in preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative orthopedic surgery,scientifically discussing the advantages and prospects of AI in orthopedic ***,the article discusses the limitations of current research and technology in clinical applications,proposes solutions to the problems,and summarizes and outlines possible future research *** main objective of this review is to inform future research and development of AI in orthopedics.

关键词： Artificial intelligence orthopedics image detection deep learning machine learning diagnostic disease robotics

Data-Based Filters for Non-Gaussian Dynamic Systems With Unknown Output Noise Covariance

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 866-877页

作者： Elham Javanfar Mehdi Rahmani the department of electrical engineering Imam Khomeini International UniversityQazvin ***Iran

This paper proposes linear and nonlinear filters for a non-Gaussian dynamic system with an unknown nominal covariance of the output *** challenge of designing a suitable filter in the presence of an unknown covariance matrix is addressed by focusing on the output data set of the *** that data generated from a Gaussian distribution exhibit ellipsoidal scattering,we first propose the weighted sum of norms(SON)clustering method that prioritizes nearby points,reduces distant point influence,and lowers computational ***,by introducing the weighted maximum likelihood,we propose a semi-definite program(SDP)to detect outliers and reduce their impacts on each *** these weights paves the way to obtain an appropriate covariance of the output ***,two filtering approaches are presented:a cluster-based robust linear filter using the maximum a posterior(MAP)estimation and a clusterbased robust nonlinear filter assuming that output noise distribution stems from some Gaussian noise resources according to the ellipsoidal *** last,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed filtering approaches.

关键词： Data-based filter maximum likelihood estimation unknown covariance weighted maximum likelihood estimation weighted sum-of-norms clustering

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