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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 710-720页

作者： Lin Yu Huadong Sun Shiyun Xu Bing Zhao Jian Zhang state Key Laboratory of power grid Safety and Energy Conservation China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing100192China

The power system is experiencing a higher penetration of renewable energy generations(REGs).The short circuit ratio(SCR)and the grid impedance ratio(GIR)are two indices to quantify the system strength of the power system with *** this paper,the critical short circuit ratio(CSCR)is defined as the corresponding SCR when the system voltage is in the critical stable *** static voltage stability analysis,the mathematical expression of the CSCR considering the impact of GIR is *** maximum value of CSCR is adopted as the critical value to distinguish the weak power *** on the static equivalent circuit analysis,it is proved that the CSCR is still effective to evaluate critical system strength considering the interactive impact among ***,we find that the GIR can be neglected and the SCR can be used individually to evaluate the system strength when SCR>2 or GIR>*** correctness and rationality of the CSCR and its critical value are validated on ADPSS.

关键词： Critical short circuit ratio critical value grid impedance ratio maximum power transfer theorem static equivalent circuit analysis

Optimal operation of electricity, natural gas and heat systems considering integrated demand responses and diversified storage devices

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第3期6卷 423-437页

作者： Linna NI Weijia LIU Fushuan WEN Yusheng XUE Zhaoyang DONG Yu ZHENG Rui ZHANG research institute of state grid Zhejiang electric power Company School of electrical Engineering Zhejiang University state grid electric power research institute electric power research institute China Southern Power Grid

In recent years, the increasing penetration level of renewable generation and combined heat and power(CHP) technology in power systems is leading to significant changes in energy production and consumption patterns. As a result, the integrated planning and optimal operation of a multi-carrier energy(MCE) system have aroused widespread concern for reasonable utilization of multiple energy resources and efficient accommodation of renewable energy sources. In this context, an integrated demand response(IDR) scheme is designed to coordinate the operation of power to gas(P2 G) devices, heat pumps,diversified storage devices and flexible loads within an extended modeling framework of energy hubs. Subsequently, the optimal dispatch of interconnected electricity,natural gas and heat systems is implemented considering the interactions among multiple energy carriers by utilizing the bi-level optimization method. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated with a 4-bus multi-energy systemand a larger test case comprised of a revised IEEE 118-bus power system and a 20-bus Belgian natural gas system.

关键词： Multi-carrier energy(MCE) system Diversified storage device Integrated demand response(IDR) Smart energy hub(SEH) power to gas(P2G) Heat pump

Discharge characteristics of different lightning air terminals under composite voltages

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第5期21卷 1-4页

作者： Chijie ZHUANG Zezhong WANG Rong ZENG Lei LIU Te LI Min LI Yingzhe CUI Jinliang HE Department of electrical Engineering Tsinghua University state grid Jibei electric Economic research institute China Southern grid (CSG) electric power research institute electric power research institute of Zhejiang power grid

Different types of lightning air terminals have been designed over the *** regarding the effect of different types of air terminals,especially the early streamer emission(ESE)-type,remains *** paper describes the discharge characteristics of different types of air terminals,two of which are quite similar to the ESE-type dynasphere,and concludes that the tested non-standard air terminals have discharge characteristics similar to those of Franklin rods and that their lightning protection performance should be similar.

关键词： air terminal lightning protection discharge characteristics composite voltage leader

High Frequency Stability Constraints Based MMC Controller Design Using NSGA-III Algorithm

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2023年第2期9卷 623-633页

作者： Ke Ji Weiming Chen Xueguang Wu Hui Pang Jingxuan Hu Shan Liu Fan Cheng Guangfu Tang China electric power research institute Beijing 100192China Chen is with state grid Fujian electric power research institute Fuzhou 350007China state grid Smart grid research institute Beijing 102211China

The occurrence of high frequency resonances(HFRs)has been frequently observed in several MMC-HVDC *** avoid these HFRs,the controller design of an MMC must satisfy two requirements:1)The controller should remain stable while in the high frequency range,and 2)MMC impedance should not possess a negative real part in the high frequency *** far,majority of the related studies on MMC controller design have been unable to address these requirements *** paper first describes the simplified high frequency MMC impedance model developed indigenously by the ***,the driving mechanism of two kinds of HFRs is revealed using the said developed model,including:1)MMC controller instability,and 2)Interaction instability between MMC and AC ***,the mathematical expressions outlining the controller stability constraint and positive damping constraint are ***,NSGA-III based multi-objective optimization algorithm is adopted,to identify the region most suitable for satisfying the proposed stability constraints under the MMC controller *** proposed controller design method is capable of effectively evading the HFRs triggered by the incompatible *** detailed time-domain simulations generated using PSCAD/EMTDC software validate the proposed designed method and endorse the improved results.

关键词： AC cable controller parameter optimization harmonic resonance MMC NSGA-III offshore wind power integration

Coordinated dispatching strategy of multiple energy sources for wind power consumption

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第6期7卷 1461-1471页

作者： Shuang RONG Xiaoguang CHEN Wanlin GUAN Mingyu XU state grid Heilongjiang electric power research institute HarbinChina

Heat storage systems with multiple heat sources play an important role in consuming extra wind power.A reasonable scheduling strategy for a hybrid system with multiple heat and electric sources could provide greater economic ***,the present scheduling methods primarily focus on extra wind power consumption *** paper aims to develop a coordinated dispatching method that targets the maximum extra wind power consumed and highest economic benefit of the hybrid energy system as the optimization objective.A two-step coordinated dispatching method is proposed,where the first step focuses on optimizing the extra wind power consumed by coordinating the consumption quota for different types of energy sources at the system level and distributes the consumption share for every unit within each type of energy source,thereby maximizing fuel savings and economic benefits in the second *** effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated using simulation results for an electric-heat hybrid *** with two existing dispatching methods,the scheduling strategy presented in this paper could consume more extra wind power and provide higher fuel savings and economic benefits.

关键词： Coordinated dispatching Wind power consumption Combined heat and power(CHP) Primary heat circuit(PHC) electric boiler Heat storage tank(HST)

Subsynchronous resonance and its mitigation for power system with unified power flow controller

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第1期6卷 181-189页

作者： Xinyao ZHU Meng JIN Xiangping KONG Jingbo ZHAO Jiankun LIU Qian ZHOU state grid Jiangsu electric power research institute state grid Jiangsu electric power Maintenance Branch Company

Control strategy of unified power flow controller(UPFC)utilizing dq decoupling control is deduced in this paper,which can closely follow the control orders of the active and reactive *** subsynchronous resonance(SSR)characteristics of a series compensated system equipped with UPFC are studied,and the results reveal that SSR characteristics of the system may vary significantly with UPFC in service or ***,supplementary subsynchronous damping controller(SSDC)for UPFC is proposed and investigated,and the effectiveness of the proposed SSDC is verified by damping torque analysis and time domain simulations.

关键词： Unified power flow controller(UPFC) Series capacitor compensation Subsynchronous resonance(SSR) Supplementary subsynchronous damping controller(SSDC) Damping torque analysis

Space Charge Transient Kinetic Characteristics in DC Air Corona Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第8期16卷 749-757页

作者：刘兴华咸日常孙学峰王涛吕学宾陈素红杨帆 state grid Zibo power Supply Company state grid Shandong electric power Company state grid Shandong electric power research institute state Key Laboratory of power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University

Investigating the corona mechanism plays a key role in enhancing the performance of electrical insulation systems. Numerical simulation offers a better understanding of the physical characteristics of air corona discharges. Using a two-dimensional axisymmetrical kinetics model, into which the photoionization effect is incorporated, the DC air corona discharge at atmosphere pressure is studied. The plasma model is based on a self-consistent, multi-component, and con- tinuum description of the air discharge, which is comprised of 12 species and 22 reactions. The discharge voltage-current characteristic predicted by the model is found to be in quite good agree- ment with experimental measurements. The behavior of the electronic avalanche progress is Mso described. 0＋ and N＋ are the dominant positive ions, and the values of 0- and 02 densities are much smaller than that of the electron. The electron and positive ion have a low-density thin layer near the anode, which is a result of the surface reaction and absorption effect of the electrode. As time progresses, the electric field increases and extends along the cathode surface, whereas the cathode fall shrinks after the corona discharge hits the cathode; thus, in the cathode sheath, the electron temperature increases and the position of its peak approaches to the cathode. The present computational model contributes to the understanding of this physical mechanism, and suggests ways to improve the electrical insulation system.

关键词： air corona discharge atmospheric pressure numerical simulation mechanism

Impedance Analysis of grid Forming Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第3期11卷 967-979页

作者： Rongcai Pan Guangfu Tang Shan Liu Zhiyuan He China electric power research institute Beijing 100192China state grid Smart grid research institute Beijing 102209China

grid-forming control(GFC)is promising for power electronics based power systems with high renewable energy ***,the impedance modeling for GFC is necessary and has gained significant attention ***,most of the impedance analyses for GFC are based on a twolevel converter(TLC)rather than a modular multilevel converter(MMC).MMC differs from TLC with respect to its dominant multi-frequency *** is necessary to analyze the impedance of GFC-based MMC owing to its superiority in highvoltage direct current(HVDC)transmission to interlink two weak AC systems with high renewable energy *** the main contribution,this paper presents the AC-and DC-side impedance analyses for the GFC-based MMC with both power and DC voltage control using the harmonic transfer function(HTF),and compares the impedances of GFC-based MMC and *** is inferred that although the impedance is mainly influenced within 200 Hz,the instability still could occur owing to negative resistance triggered by relatively larger *** difference in AC-side impedance with power and DC voltage control is not apparent with proper parameters,while the DC-side impedance differs *** generalized Nyquist criterion is necessary for AC-side stability owing to the relatively large coupling terms under ***,the coupling between AC-and DC-side impedances is noneligible,especially considering the DC-side resonance around the system resonant *** effects of parameters,system strength,and virtual impedance on the impedance shaping are analyzed and verified through simulations.

关键词： Sequence impedance modular multilevel converter(MMC) grid-forming control(GFC) harmonic transfer function generalized Nyquist criterion

Generalized congestion of power systems:insights from the massive blackouts in India

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2013年第2期1卷 91-100页

作者： Yusheng XUE Shijie XIAO state grid electric power research institute Nanjing 210003China

The Indian power system underwent two separate massive blackouts on 30th and 31st of July *** blackouts exposed a series of inherent problems underlying the power system of India,such as its generation planning,transmission planning,grid infrastructure,management systems,primary energy resources,environmental constraints,electricity market,and information technology,which together aggravate the massive *** factors which affect the adequacy and security of the power supply in a similar manner as the transmission congestion of physical grids does,can be called by a generic term as generalized *** manipulations and“game-playing”between various interested parties further intensifies these ***,from the perspective of generalized congestions,the paper reflects the inevitability of India’s massive blackouts,discusses occasional effects of trigger events,inherent evolution law of blackouts and the enlightenment on power industry in China,and explores risk control measures to defend blackouts in *** positive role of strong smart grid in insuring energy and environment security is highlighted.

关键词： Energy security power congestion Multidomain interaction Complex system Domino effect Comprehensive defense Risk control

Multi-objective interval prediction of wind power based on conditional copula function

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第4期7卷 802-812页

作者： Gang ZHANG Zhixuan LI Kaoshe ZHANG Lei ZHANG Xia HUA Yongqing WANG institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China state grid Shaanxi Baoji electric power Company Baoji 721000China state grid Gansu electric power Company Gansu Electric Power Research InstituteLanzhou 730050China state grid Shaanxi electric power Company Shaanxi Electric Power Research InstituteXi’an 710054China

Interval prediction of wind power,which features the upper and lower limits of wind power at a given confidence level,plays a significant role in accurate prediction and stability of the power grid integrated with wind ***,the conventional methods of interval prediction are commonly based on a hypothetic probability distribution function,which neglects the correlations among various variables,leading to the decrease of prediction ***,we improve the multi-objective interval prediction based on the conditional copula function,through which we can fully utilize the correlations among variables to improve prediction accuracy without an assumed probability distribution *** use the multi-objective optimization method of nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II)to obtain the optimal solution *** particular best solution is weighted by the prediction interval average width(PIAW)and prediction interval coverage probability(PICP)to pick the optimized solution in practical ***,we apply the proposed method to three wind power plants in different cities in China as examples forvalidation and obtain higher prediction accuracy compared with other methods,i.e.,relevance vector machine(RVM),artificial neural network(ANN),and particle swarm optimization kernel extreme learning machine(PSO-KELM).These results demonstrate the superiority and practicability of this method in interval prediction of wind power.

关键词： Wind power prediction Interval prediction Conditional copula function Empirical distribution function Multi-objective optimization algorithm