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A Study on the Explainability of Thyroid Cancer Prediction:SHAP Values and Association-Rule Based Feature Integration Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3111-3138页

作者： Sujithra Sankar S.Sathyalakshmi department of Computer Applications Hindustan Institute of Technology and ScienceChennaiTamil NaduIndia department of Computer Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and ScienceChennaiTamil NaduIndia

In the era of advanced machine learning techniques,the development of accurate predictive models for complex medical conditions,such as thyroid cancer,has shown remarkable *** predictivemodels for thyroid cancer enhance early detection,improve resource allocation,and reduce ***,the widespread adoption of these models in clinical practice demands predictive performance along with interpretability and *** paper proposes a novel association-rule based feature-integratedmachine learning model which shows better classification and prediction accuracy than present *** study also focuses on the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)values as a powerful tool for explaining thyroid cancer prediction *** the proposed method,the association-rule based feature integration framework identifies frequently occurring attribute combinations in the *** original dataset is used in trainingmachine learning models,and further used in generating SHAP values *** the next phase,the dataset is integrated with the dominant feature sets identified through association-rule based *** new integrated dataset is used in re-training the machine learning *** new SHAP values generated from these models help in validating the contributions of feature sets in predicting *** conventional machine learning models lack interpretability,which can hinder their integration into clinical decision-making *** this study,the SHAP values are introduced along with association-rule based feature integration as a comprehensive framework for understanding the contributions of feature sets inmodelling the *** study discusses the importance of reliable predictive models for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer,and a validation framework of *** proposed model shows an accuracy of 93.48%.Performance metrics such as precision,recall,F1-score,and the area un

关键词： Explainable AI machine learning clinical decision support systems thyroid cancer association-rule based framework SHAP values classification and prediction

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Techno-Economic Optimization of Novel Stand-Alone Renewable Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station near Bahria Town Karachi,Sindh Pakistan

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Energy Engineering 2024年第6期121卷 1439-1457页

作者： Aneel Kumar Mahesh Kumar Amir Mahmood Soomro Laveet Kumar department of Electrical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoroPakistan department of Mechanical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoroPakistan

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the most interesting and innovative technology in the 21st century because of theirenormous advantages, both technically and economically. Their emissions rate compared to fuel-based vehicles isnegligible as they do not consume fuel and hence do not emit any harmful gases. However, their bulk production,adoption and lack of charging stations increase the stress of power stations due to modern-day lifestyles. If Electricvehicles demand increases drastically then conventional power stations will not bear their demand and if theygenerate electricity by conventional means it will be very costly and may further add greenhouse gases. Therefore,this research provides the techno-economic assessment of a stand-alone renewable-dependent electric vehiclecharging station, excluding any burden on electrical utility. The proposed study is carried out in Bahria Town,Karachi, a city in Pakistan. In this study, HOMER Pro software was utilized for techno-economic assessment. Ahybrid system comprising solar Photovoltaic/Wind Turbine/Fuel cells and battery storage is included in the *** and wind resources were taken from NASA’s website, where charging stations will be integrated. The overallresults show promising in terms of total Net Present Cost and the Cost of Energy which are 2.72M $ and 0.237 $,respectively. The total system generation is 3,598 Megawatt hours per year, and the total energy consumption is 885Megawatt hours per year.

关键词： Electrical vehicle techno economic analysis solar energy wind energy hydrogen energy

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Covalent Bond Based Android Malware Detection Using Permission and System Call Pairs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4283-4301页

作者： Rahul Gupta Kapil Sharma R.K.Garg department of Information technology Delhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi110042India department of Mechanical Engineering Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and TechnologyMurthal131039India

The prevalence of smartphones is deeply embedded in modern society,impacting various aspects of our *** versatility and functionalities have fundamentally changed how we communicate,work,seek entertainment,and access *** the many smartphones available,those operating on the Android platform dominate,being the most widely used *** widespread adoption of the Android OS has significantly contributed to increased malware attacks targeting the Android ecosystem in recent ***,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for detecting Android *** literature contains numerous works related to Android malware *** far as our understanding extends,we are the first ones to identify dangerous combinations of permissions and system calls to uncover malicious behavior in Android *** introduce a novel methodology that pairs permissions and system calls to distinguish between benign and malicious *** approach combines the advantages of static and dynamic analysis,offering a more comprehensive understanding of an application’s *** establish covalent bonds between permissions and system calls to assess their combined *** introduce a novel technique to determine these pairs’Covalent Bond Strength *** pair is assigned two scores,one for malicious behavior and another for benign *** scores serve as the basis for classifying applications as benign or *** correlating permissions with system calls,the study enables a detailed examination of how an app utilizes its requested permissions,aiding in differentiating legitimate and potentially harmful *** comprehensive analysis provides a robust framework for Android malware detection,marking a significant contribution to the *** results of our experiments demonstrate a remarkable overall accuracy of 97.5%,surpassing various state-of-the-art detection techniques proposed in the current literature.

关键词： Android malware android security hybrid analysis permission and system call pairs

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OpBench: an operator-level GPU benchmark for deep learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 76-87页

作者： Qingwen GU Bo FAN Zhengning LIU Kaicheng CAO Songhai ZHANG Shimin HU department of Computer Science and technology Tsinghua University National Innovation Institute of Defense technology Academy of Military Science Beijing Fitten technology Co. Ltd.

Operators(such as Conv and ReLU) play an important role in deep neural networks. Every neural network is composed of a series of differentiable operators. However, existing AI benchmarks mainly focus on accessing model training and inference performance of deep learning systems on specific models. To help GPU hardware find computing bottlenecks and intuitively evaluate GPU performance on specific deep learning tasks, this paper focuses on evaluating GPU performance at the operator level. We statistically analyze the information of operators on 12 representative deep learning models from six prominent AI tasks and provide an operator dataset to show the different importance of various types of operators in different networks. An operator-level benchmark, OpBench, is proposed on the basis of this dataset, allowing users to choose from a given range of models and set the input sizes according to their demands. This benchmark offers a detailed operator-level performance report for AI and hardware developers. We also evaluate four GPU models on OpBench and find that their performances differ on various types of operators and are not fully consistent with the performance metric FLOPS(floating point operations per second).

关键词： deep learning operator benchmark model benchmark GPU performance analysis deep neural networks

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A Temporal Convolutional Network Based Hybrid Model for Short-term Electricity Price Forecasting

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1119-1130页

作者： Haoran Zhang Weihao Hu Di Cao Qi Huang Zhe Chen Frede Blaabjerg School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina department of Energy technology Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark IEEE

Electricity prices have complex features,such as high frequency,multiple seasonality,and *** factors will make the prediction of electricity prices ***,accurate electricity price prediction is important for energy producers and consumers to develop bidding *** improve the accuracy of prediction by using each algorithms’advantages,this paper proposes a hybrid model that uses the Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA),and Temporal Convolutional Network(TCN).EMD is used to decompose the electricity prices into low and high frequency *** frequency components are forecasted by the ARIMA model and the high frequency series are predicted by the TCN *** results using the realistic electricity price data from Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland(PJM)electricity markets show that the proposed method has a higher prediction accuracy than other single methods and hybrid methods.

关键词： Autoregressive integrated moving average model electricity price forecasting empirical mode decomposition temporal convolutional network

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Coordination environments build up and tune a superior synergistic “genome” toward novel trifunctional (TM-N_(x)O_(4−x))@g- C_(16)N_(3)-H_(3): High-throughput inspection of ultra-high activity for water splitting and oxygen reduction reactions

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2337-2351页

作者： Chunyao Fang Xian Wang Qiang Zhang Xihang Zhang Chenglong Shi Jingcheng Xu Mengyu Yang department of Physics University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Emerging as a prominent area of focus in energy conversion and storage technologies,the development of highly active metal-based single-atom catalysts(SACs)holds great signiﬁcance in searching alternatives to replace precious metals toward the efficient,stable,and low-cost hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),as well as the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Combining the tremendous tunability of ligand and coordination environment with rich metal-based electrocatalysts can create breakthrough opportunities for achieving both high stability and ***,we propose a novel and stable holey graphene-like carbon nitride monolayer g-C_(16)N5(N_(4)@g-C_(16)N_(3))stoichiometries interestingly behaving as a natural substrate for constructing SACs((TM-N_(4))@g-C_(16)N_(3)),whose evenly distributed holes map rich and uniform nitrogen coordination positions with electron-rich lone pairs for anchoring transition metal(TM)***,we employed density functional theory(DFT)calculations to systematically investigate the electrocatalytic activity of(TM-N_(4))@g-C_(16)N_(3) toward HER/OER/ORR,meanwhile considering the synergistic modulation of H-loading and O-coordination((TM-N_(x)O_(4-x))@g-C_(16)N_(3)^(-)H_(3),x=0–4).Together a“four-step procedure”screening mechanism with the first-principles high-throughput calculations,we find that(Rh-N_(4))and(Ir-N_(2)O_(2)-II)distributed on g-C_(16)N_(3)^(-)H_(3) can modulate the adsorption strength of the adsorbates,thus achieving the best HER/OER/ORR performance among 216 candidates,and the lowest overpotential of 0.098/0.3/0.46 V and 0.06/0.48/0.45 V,***,the d-band center,crystal orbital Hamilton population(COHP),and molecular orbitals are used to reveal the OER/ORR activity ***,the Rh/Ir-d orbital is dramatically hybridized with the O-p orbital of the oxygenated adsorbates,so that the lone-electrons incipiently locate at the antibonding orbital pair up and popula

关键词： single atom catalysts loading and coordination hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen evolution reaction oxygen reduction reaction

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Optoelectronic tuning of plasmon resonances via optically modulated hot electrons

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 134-141页

作者： Jiacheng Yao Cheng Wang Chi Zhang Song Ma Li Zhou Ti Wang Ququan Wang Hongxing Xu Tao Ding Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro Nano Structure of Ministry of Education School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology

Fast optical modulation of nanoplasmonics is fundamental for on-chip integration of all-optical *** various strategies have been proposed for dynamic modulation of surface plasmons, critical issues of device compatibility and extremely low efficiency in the visible spectrum hamper the application of optoplasmonic nanochips. Here we establish an optoplasmonic system based on Au@Cu2–xS hybrid core–shell nanoparticles. The optical excitation of hot electrons and their charge transfer to the semiconductor coating(Cu2–xS) lead to lowered electron density of Au, which results in the red shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance. The hot electrons can also transport through the Cu2–xS layer to the metal substrate, which increases the conductance of the nanogap. As such, the coupled gap plasmon blue-shifts with a magnitude of up to ～15 nm, depending on the excitation power and the thickness of the coatings, which agrees with numerical simulations. All of this optoelectronic tuning process is highly reversible, controllable and fast with a modulated laser beam, which is highly compatible and sufficiently useful for on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices.

关键词： hot carriers plasmon switching optoplasmonics circuit modelNPoM

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Effect of Fluidic Diode on Performance of Unidirectional Impulse Turbine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 807-814页

作者： DODDAMANI Hithaish ABDUS Samad MANABU Takao SHINYA Okuhara M M ASHRAFUL Alam department of Ocean Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyMatsue CollegeShimane6908518Japan Center of Support Practical Education National Institute of TechnologyMatsue CollegeShimane6908518Japan department of Transportation Engineering Osaka Sangyo UniversityDaito5748530Japan

A pair of unidirectional turbines(UT)can operate in oscillatory airflow without additional ***,this arrangement suffers from poor flow rectification.A fluidic diode(FD)offers variable hydrodynamic resistance based on the flow direction,and this can be coupled with UT to improve flow *** this work,a numerical investigation on the effect of FD with UT is presented using the commercial fluid dynamics software ANSYS Fluent 16.1 with k-ωSST turbulence closure *** domains of UT and FD are numerically validated individually with experimental ***,both are coupled to obtain the combined effect,and these results are compared with the analytical *** was observed that coupling FD with UT improved the unit's performance at the lower flow coefficient(<1),but its performance decreased as the flow coefficient *** to the diode's presence,fluid leaving the turbine experiences higher resistance at a higher flow coefficient,which decreases the overall performance of the combined unit.

关键词： wave energy oscillating water column unidirectional impulse turbine fluidic diode flow rectification

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Portable dielectrophoresis for biology:ADEPT facilitates cell trapping,separation,and interactions

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 193-205页

作者： Lourdes Albina Nirupa Julius Dora Akgül Gowri Krishnan Fabian Falk Jan Korvink Vlad Badilita department Institute of Microstructure TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen76344Baden-WürttembergGermany

Dielectrophoresis is a powerful and well-established technique that allows label-free,non-invasive manipulation of cells and particles by leveraging their electrical *** practical implementation of the associated electronics and user interface in a biology laboratory,however,requires an engineering background,thus hindering the broader adoption of the *** order to address these challenges and to bridge the gap between biologists and the engineering skills required for the implementation of DEP platforms,we report here a custom-built,compact,universal electronic platform termed ADEPT(adaptable dielectrophoresis embedded platform tool)for use with a simple microfluidic chip containing six *** versatility of the open-source platform is ensured by a custom-developed graphical user interface that permits simple reconfiguration of the control signals to address a wide-range of specific applications:(i)precision positioning of the single bacterium/cell/particle in the micrometer range;(ii)viability-based separation by achieving a 94%efficiency in separating live and dead yeast;(iii)phenotype-based separation by achieving a 96%efficiency in separating yeast and Bacillus subtilis;(iv)cell–cell interactions by steering a phagocytosis process where a granulocyte engulfs *** RGB-S ***,the set of experiments and the platform form a complete basis for a wide range of possible applications addressing various biological questions exploiting the plug-and-play design and the intuitive GUI of ADEPT.

关键词： Together separation separating

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A numerical survey of parameters to reach ignition condition for axial compression of a large-sized field reversed configuration

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Plasma Science and technology 2024年第5期26卷 47-55页

作者：李宜霖廖晖周海洋孙玄 department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering School of Nuclear Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People’s Republic of China

Field reversed configuration(FRC)is widely considered as an ideal target plasma for magnetoinertial ***,its confinement and stability,both proportional to the radius,will deteriorate inevitably during radial ***,we propose a new fusion approach based on axial compression of a large-sized *** axial compression can be made by plasma jets or plasmoids converging onto the axial ends of the *** parameter space that can reach the ignition condition while preserving the FRC's overall quality is studied using a numerical model based on different FRC confinement *** is found that ignition is possible for a large FRC that can be achieved with the current FRC formation techniques if compression ratio is greater than 50.A more realistic compression is to combine axial with moderate radial compression,which is also presented and calculated in this work.

关键词： field reversed configuration magnetized target fusion axial compression

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