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Did weekly economic index and volatility index impact US food sales during the first year of the pandemic?

Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1502-1524页

作者： Narasingha Das Partha Gangopadhyay economists for peace and security-australia chapter SydneyAustralia Western Sydney University SydneyAustralia

We explore the impacts of economic and financial dislocations caused by COVID-19 pandemic shocks on food sales in the United States from January 2020 to January *** use the US weekly economic index(WEI)to measure economic dislocations and the Chicago Board Options Exchange volatility index(VIX)to capture the broader stock market *** validate the NARDL model by testing a battery of models using the autoregressive distributed lags(ARDL)methodology(ARDL,NARDL,and QARDL specifications).Our study postulates that an increase in WEI has a significant negative long-term effect on food sales,whereas a decrease in WEI has no statistically significant(long-run)***,policy responses that ignore asymmetric effects and hidden cointegration may fail to promote food security during pandemics.

关键词： COVID-19 Food sales US weekly economic index CBOE’s volatility index ARDL model Bewley transformation NARDL model QARDL model

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Ultrasensitive Indium Phosphide Nanomembrane Wearable Gas Sensors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 209-217页

作者： Shiyu Wei Tuomas Haggren Zhe Li Hark Hoe Tan Chennupati Jagadish Antonio Tricoli Lan Fu Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical SystemsResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Nanotechnology Research Laboratory Research School of ChemistryCollege of ScienceThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Nanotechnology Research Laboratory Faculty of EngineeringThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

Air quality is deteriorating due to continuing urbanization and *** particular,nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))is a biologically and environmentally hazardous byproduct from fuel combustion that is ubiquitous in urban *** address this issue,we report a high-performance flexible indium phosphide nanomembrane NO_(2)sensor for real-time air quality *** ultralow limit of detection of~200 ppt and a fast response have been achieved with this device by optimizing the film thickness and doping concentration during indium phosphide *** varying the film thickness,a dynamic range of values for NO_(2)detection from parts per trillion(ppt)to parts per million(ppm)level have also been demonstrated under low bias voltage and at room temperature without additional light *** measurements show an adequately stable response after repeated ***-site testing of the sensor in a residential kitchen shows that NO_(2)concentration from the gas stove emission could exceed the NO_(2)Time Weighted Average limit,i.e.,200 ppb,highlighting the significance of real-time ***,the indium phosphide nanomembrane sensor element cost is estimated at<0.1 US$due to the miniatured size,nanoscale thickness,and ease of *** these superior performance characteristics,low cost,and real-world applicability,our indium phosphide nanomembrane sensors offer a promising solution for a variety of air quality monitoring applications.

关键词： air quality monitoring flexible III-V semiconductors nanofilm ultrathin

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Coastal Reservoirs Strategy for Water Resource Development—A Review of Future Trend

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第3期5卷 336-342页

作者： Jianli Liu Shuqing Yang Changbo Jiang College of Hydraulic Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha China School of Civil Mining & Environmental Engineering University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia

Water use and access become a more and more important determinant of environmental equity and human development according to the view held by the UN [1]. Water scarcity is one of the major crises which has overarching implications for other world problems especially poverty, hunger, ecosystem degradation, desertification, climate change, threatening world peace and security [2]. In the decades to come, freshwater consumed by human will get to a tipping point. Many projects and concepts have been proposed and implemented for several years to improve the effectiveness of using water. These research activities can be grouped as: desalination plants;water detention (like rainwater tanks for collection and reuse);wastewater reuse;dams and reservoirs. This paper summarized the characters of these water solutions. But these methods can’t provide enough fresh water due to limitations imposed by these methods as well as following industry and population’s development. To overcome these shortcomings, coastal reservoir strategy is proposed in the paper. This new strategy is technically feasible, environmentally sustainable and cost effective by demonstration and comparison.

关键词： Water Crisis Water Quality Coastal Reservoir Future Trend

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Economics of Nitrogen Use in Cereal Systems in South and East Asia

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2011年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： X. Y. Li J. Timsina J. Dixon Impacts Targeting and Assessment Unit International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center （CIMMTT） apdo postal 6-64106600 Mexico DF Mexieo International Rice Research Institute （IRRl）-Bangladesh Office Banani DOHS 1206 Dhaka Bangladesh australian Centre for International Agricultural Research （A CIAR） GPO Box 15 71 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

A literature survey and focused interviews with experienced agronomists and socio-economists from south, east, and southeast Asian countries were conducted to determine physical and economic relationships of cereal yields and N use, using partial factor productivity （PFP） and nitrogen （N） response functions, while considering the impacts of （N） and crop grain prices. The data were drawn from FAOSTAT, World Bank, and survey results from those countries. Rice has the greatest PFP-N （70 kg grain kg^-1 N）, wheat a moderate （57 kg grain kg^-1 N）, and maize the lowest PFP-N （52 kg grain kg^-1 N） at current application levels. At potential optimal N use rates, estimates for PFP-N were 26 kg grain kg^-1 N for maize, 25 kg for rice and 16 kg for wheat. Assuming a constant average PFP-N （30 kg grain kg^-1 N） for these cereals, it is estimated that 13 Mt N would be needed to meet a projected food demand by 2020 assuming no use of other additional inputs. Assuming a 20% increase in nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） to 36 kg grain kgl N, 10.6 Mt would be needed to meet the food demand, implying an annual growth rate in N use of 1.25%. It is concluded that economically optimal N rates are relatively insensitive to changes in prices of N and cereal grain. Key interventions to improve sustainable food security include increasing N fertilizer use, improving NUE, and reducing environmental impacts.

关键词： Nitrogen cereal system crop yield physical optimum economic optimum Asia.

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