检索结果-南通市图书馆

Temporal niche overlap among insectivorous small mammals

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 375-386页

作者： Emerson M.VIEIRA Gabriela PAISE Laboratory of ecology of Mammals ZoologyUniversity of Vale do Rio dos SinosSão LeopoldoBrazil Graduate program of ecology University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

Being active in the same environment at different times exposes animals to the effects of very different environmental factors,both biotic and *** the present study,we used live traps equipped with timing devices to evaluate the potential role of biotic factors(competition and food abundance)on overall overlap in the temporal niche axis of 4 insectivorous small mammals in high-elevation grassland fields(‘campos de altitude’)of southern *** on resources availability(invertebrates),data on animal captures were pooled in 2 seasons:‘scarcity’(June 2001−September 2001)and‘abundance’(November 2001-May 2002)*** tested for non-random structure in temporal niche overlap among the species in each *** species were the rodents Oxymycterus nasutus(Waterhouse,1837),Deltamys sp.,Akodon azarae(Fischer,1829),and the marsupial Monodelphis brevicaudis Olfers,*** studied community was mainly diurnal with crepuscular *** using the Pianka index of niche overlap indicated that the empirical assemblage-wide overlap was not significantly different from randomly generated patterns in the abundance season but significantly greater than expected by chance alone in the scarcity *** the species showed an increase in temporal niche breadth during the abundance season,which appears to be related to longer daylength and high nocturnal *** on both temporal niche overlap and temporal niche breadth were the opposite to those that we were expecting in the case of diel activity patterns determined by competition for dietary ***,we conclude that competition did not seem to be preponderant for determining patterns of temporal niche overlap by the studied community.

关键词： activity patterns Brazil chronoecology community structure competition niche partitioning

The impact of personality on the success of prospecting behavior in changing landscapes

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 557-568页

作者： John Curtis BURKHALTER Nina H. FEFFERMAN Julie L. LOCKWOOD Graduate program in ecology and Evolution Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University 14College Farm Rd. New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA

Personality can play a large role in dispersal decisions, influencing how each individual estimates and values ex- pected costs versus benefits of ventnring out to explore the unknown. We contrast the impact of persistence on fitness using deci- sion theory models to examine the relative success of prospecting movement （which is a widespread behavior used by animals to explore available breeding habitat before determining where to settle） in different landscapes among individuals with different personalities. While evaluating trends in the costs and benefits of movement we provide a quantifiable measure of the impacts of relative tenacity in prospecting behavior on fitness gains/losses. Our model results predict that, regardless of landscape composi- tion, individuals with greater tenacity in prospecting strategy have reduced fitness gains relative to individuals who are more willing to both initiate novel strategies, but then also abandon the new strategy rapidly if initial search does not seem fruitful. We show that fitness gains from choosing an appropriate prospecting strategy （i.e. abandoning poor habitat or staying in rich habitat） can be very high, indicating a potentially large influence from personality on fitness. Importantly, the model predicts that relative fitness gains are highly dependent on the availability of high quality habitat in the landscape, even if the difference under varying fitness outcomes between poor and rich habitat was substantial

关键词： Prospecting Tradeoff Movement Decision theory Personality Behavior

Spatial distribution of display sites of Grey Peacock-pheasant in relation to micro-habitat and predators during the breeding season

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 111-122页

作者： Somying Thunhikorn Matthew J.Grainger Philip J.K.McGowan Tommaso Savini Conservation ecology program School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi School of Biology Newcastle University

Background： The destruction and fragmentation of forest in Southeast Asia is accelerating biodiversity loss, resulting in a range of management and conservation actions. For some species, a detailed understanding of microhabitat selection is critical for this, especially in the breeding ***： To understand the factors that explain how specific habitats are used by the Grey Peacock-pheasant（Polyplectron bicalcaratum） in the breeding season, we used camera trapping and microhabitat sampling to assess the microhabitat selection of males. We also looked at their interaction with predators in an area of 1200 m × 1200 m at the Hua Kha Khaeng Wildl fe Sanctuary, Tha land, between January and May ***： We show that display scrapes are situated on flatter open areas with small saplings and some vines, typified by low horizontal understory density. We hypothesise that this allows a trade-off between courtship display and the avoidance of predators. Our study showed that the position of Grey Peacock-pheasant display scrapes regularly overlapped with predators within the same microhabitat. We hypothesise that the species＇ behavioural responses to temporal variation in predation risk allows them to avoid most ***： Particular microhabitats are required for Grey Peacock-pheasant *** avoid predators at these places by being active when predators are not.

关键词： Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary Display scrape Species accumulation Predator-prey Polyplectron bicalcaratum

The roles of anurans in antagonistic networks are explained by life-habit and body-size

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 530-542页

作者： Amanda Caroline DUDCZAK Gabriel Massaccesi DE LA TORRE Lorena EUCLYDES Karla Magalhães CAMPIÃO Department of Zoology Federal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazil Postgraduate program in Zoology Federal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazil Postgraduate program in ecology and Conservation Federal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazil

Interactions among living beings are the structuring basis of ecosystems,and studies of networks allow us to identify the patterns and consistency of such *** networks reflect the energy flow of communities,and identifying network structure and the biological aspects that influence its stability is crucial to understanding ecosystem *** used antagonistic anuran interactions-predator-prey and host-parasite-to assess structural patterns and to identify the key anuran species structuring these *** tested whether anuran body-size and life-habit are related to their roles in these *** collected individuals of 9 species of anurans from an area of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil and identified their prey and helminth *** used network(modularity,specialization,and nestedness)and centrality metrics(degree,closeness,and betweenness)to identify the role of anuran species in both *** then evaluated whether anuran body-size or life-habit were related to anuran centrality using generalized linear mixed *** networks formed specialized interactions in compartments composed by key species from different *** our networks,anurans with rheophilic and cryptozoic habit are central in predator-prey networks,and those with larger body size and arboreal and cryptozoic habit in the host-parasite *** study represents a step towards a better understanding of the influential factors that affect the structure of anuran antagonist networks,as well as to recognize the functioning roles of anuran species.

关键词： diet disease food web helminth infection network centrality

Exotic and invasive species compromise the seed bank and seed rain dynamics in forests undergoing restoration at urban regions

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1019-1026页

作者： Vinícius Londe Hildeberto Caldas de Sousa Alessandra R.Kozovits Graduate program in ecology of Tropical Biomes Department of BiodiversityEvolution and EnvironmentFederal University of Ouro Pretocampus Morro do Cruzeiro

The control of exotic and invasive species in areas undergoing recovery is a challenge for ecological restoration and this problem may be even greater in urbanized areas. This study evaluated the seed bank and seed rain of a 5-year-old riparian forest located at the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte in southeast Brazil, and verified changes over time in the abundance and species richness and whether planted species already were providing propagules to the site. At the forest, fifteen parcels of 100 m2 were distributed randomly and soil samples were collected thrice (October 2011, March 2012 and July 2012) to evaluate the seed bank. Seed traps were installed in nine parcels to collect propagules over 1 year. Propagules were segregated and germinate at greenhouse. Species richness and abundance were estimated, and variance and similarity were quantified. In total, 86 species were recorded in the seed banks, 41.9% natives and 33.7% exotics, with the predominance of herbs (87.2%) and only 7% of trees. Species classified as weeds amounted to 52.3%. In the seed rain 642 seedlings germinated but they belonged to only 10 species, half of them were exotics. Regarding life forms, half of the species were arboreal and dominated the samples, highlighting the exotic species Melia azedarach. The species richness of the seed bank did not differ by season, unlike the seed rain which varied significantly by month. Seed bank and seed rain species had a very low floristic similarity with the list of planted species, suggesting that few planted trees had dispersed or were stocking propagules. Many non-planted species were recorded, mostly exotics and/or invasive that were probably derived from the surrounding urban matrix. These might interrupt the successional dynamics of the restoration forest and compromise the restoration process in the medium and long-terms. Our results highlight: (1) the importance of monitoring areas undergoing restoration; (2) that restoration me

关键词： Exotic plants Monitoring indicators Restoration ecology Urban forests

Effect of methamidophos on soil fungi community in microcosms by plate count,DGGE and clone library analysis

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第5期20卷 619-625页

作者： LI Xinyu ZHANG Huiwen WU Minna ZHANG Yan ZHANG Chenggang Microbial Resources and ecology Group Institute of Applied ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Methamidophos was widely used a pesticide in northern China. The potential influences of methamidophos on soil fungal community in black soil were assessed by plate count, 28S rDNA-PCR-DGGE, and clone library analysis. Three methamidophos levels （50, 150, and 250 mg/kg） were tested in soil microcosms. Results from plate count during a 60-d microcosm experiment showed that high concentrations of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） could significantly stimulate fungal populations. DGGE （denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis） fingerprinting patterns showed a significant difference between the responses of culturable and total fungi communities under the stress of methamidophos. Shannon diversity indices calculated from DGGE profiles indicated that culturable fungi in all microcosms with methamidophos treatment increased after 1 week of incubation. However, the diversity indices of total fungi decreased in the first week, as compared to the stimulation of culturable fungi. At the 8th week, however, all the microcosms treated by methamidophos were similar to the control microcosms in community structure as suggested by the Shannon diversity indices for both culturable and total fungi. In contrast, after 1 week the fungal structure of culturable and unculturable both were disturbed to different extent under the stresses of methamidophos by clustering analysis. Clone sequencing analysis indicated the stimulation of pathogenic and unculturable fungal populations by methamidophos treatment, suggetsing potential risks of plant disease outbreak.

关键词： methamidophos clone sequencing DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) fungi diversity

Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay,China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第1期22卷 23-31页

作者： Shaofeng Wang, Yongfeng Jia, Shuying Wang, Xin Wang, He Wang, Zhixi Zhao, Bingzhu LiuKey Laboratory of Pollution ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China. Key Laboratory of Pollution ecology and Environmental Engineering Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline （GB 18668-2002）. Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local environments. While Cu and Pb were at moderate risk levels. According to the relationships between percentage of metal speciation and total metal concentration, it was concluded that the distributions of Cd, Cu and Pb in some geochemical fractions were dynamic in the process of pollutants migration and the stability of metals in sediments of Jinzhou Bay decreased in the order of Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Cd.

关键词： heavy metals sediment pollution fractionation Jinzhou Bay risk assessment

Choosing among correlative, mechanistic, and hybrid models of species’ niche and distribution

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 93-109页

作者： Luara TOURINHO Mariana M.VALE Graduate program in ecology Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroIlha do FundãoRio de JaneiroBrazil ecology Department Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroIlha do FundãoRio de JaneiroBrazil

Different models are available to estimate species’niche and *** and correlative models have different underlying conceptual bases,thus generating different estimates of a species’niche and geographic *** models,which combining correlative and mechanistic approaches,are considered a promising strategy;however,no synthesis in the literature assessed their applicability for terrestrial vertebrates to allow best-choice model considering their strengths and ***,we provide a systematic review of studies that compared or integrated correlative and mechanistic models to estimate species’niche for terrestrial vertebrates under climate *** goal was to understand their conceptual,methodological,and performance differences,and the appli-cability of each *** studies we reviewed directly compared mechanistic and correlative predictions in terms of accuracy or estimated suitable area,however,without any quantitative analysis to support ***,many studies suggest that instead of comparing approaches,mechanistic and correlative methods should be integrated(hybrid models).However,we stress that the best approach is highly ***-deed,the quality and effectiveness of the prediction depends on the study’s objective,methodological design,and which type of species’niche and geographic distribution estimated are more appropriate to answer the study’s issue.

关键词： climate change ecological niche model integrative model species distribution model vertebrates

Home range and seasonality of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 162-171页

作者： Baoping REN Ming LI Yongcheng LONG Ruidong WU Fuwen WEI Key Laboratory of Animal ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina The Nature Conservancy China ProgramKunmingYunnanChina

Home range studies are essential for understanding an animal’s behavioral ecology and for making wildlife conservation *** home range of a group of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti Milne-Edwards,1897)was estimated using a global positioning system collar from December 2003 to October 2004 in northern Yunnan Province,*** measure the ranging area of the study group 1291 animal locations were *** on the 100%minimum convex polygon method,the home range size was approximately 32.8 km2;based on the grid-cell method it was approximately 17.8 km2 using a 250-m grid and 23.3 km2 using a 500-m *** assessed seasonal changes in the home range of this monkey population and found a different ranging pattern of from earlier *** range size was calculated as 4.80±5.81 ha(mean±standard deviation),with a range of 45.66 ha(0.01–45.67 ha).

关键词： collar conservation global positioning system home range Rhinopithecus bieti.