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Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of azodyes catalyzed by modified polyacrylonitrile fiber Fe complexes: QSPR (quantitative structure peorperty relationship) study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1469-1476页

作者： Bing Li Yongchun Dong Zhizhong Ding division of Textile Chemistry & ecology School of Textiles Tianjin Polytechnic University

The amidoximated polyacrylonitrile （PAN） fiber Fe complexeswere prepared and used as the heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for thedegradation of28 anionicwater soluble azodyes inwater under visible irradiation. The multiple linear regression （MLR） methodwas employed todevelop the quantitative structure property relationship （QSPR） model equations for thedecoloration and mineralization of azodyes. Moreover, the predictive ability of the QSPR model equationswas assessed using Leave-one-out （LOO） and cross-validation （CV） methods. Additionally, the effect of Fe content of catalyst and the sodium chloride inwater on QSPR model equationswere also investigated. The results indicated that the heterogeneous photo-Fentondegradation of the azodyeswithdifferent structureswas conducted in the presence of the amidoximated PAN fiber Fe complex. The QSPR model equations for thedyedecoloration and mineralizationwere successfullydeveloped using MLR technique. MW/S （molecularweightdivided by the number of sulphonate groups） and N N=N （the number of azo linkage） are considered as the most importantdetermining factor for thedyedegradation and mineralization, and there is a significant negative correlation between MW/S or N N=N anddegradation percentage or total organic carbon （TOC） removal. Moreover, LOO and CV analysis suggested that the obtained QSPR model equations have the better prediction ability. The variation in Fe content of catalyst and the addition of sodium chloridedid not alter the nature of the QSPR model equations.

关键词： azodye heterogeneous Fentondegradation quantitative structure property relationship polyacrylonitrile fiber Fe complex

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Computer animations of color markings revealthe function of visual threat signals inNeolamprologus pulcher

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 45-54页

作者： Valentina BALZARINI Michael TABORSKY Fabienne VILLA Joachim G. FROMMEN Institute of ecology and Evolution Behavioral Ecology Division University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a 3032Hinterkappelen Switzerland

Visual signals, including changes in coloration and color patterns, are frequently used by animalsto convey information. During contests, body coloration and its changes can be used to assess anopponent＇s state or motivation. Communication of aggressive propensity is particularly importantin group-living animals with a stable dominance hierarchy, as the outcome of aggressive inter-actions determines the social rank of group members. Neolamprologus pulcher is a cooperativelybreeding cichlid showing frequent within-group aggression. Both sexes exhibit two vertical blackstripes on the operculum that vary naturally in shape and darkness. During frontal threat displaysthese patterns are actively exposed to the opponent, suggesting a signaling function. To investi-gate the role of operculum stripes during contests we manipulated their darkness in computeranimated pictures of the fish. We recorded the responses in behavior and stripe darkness of testsubjects to which these animated pictures were presented. Individuals with initially darker stripeswere more aggressive against the animations and showed more operculum threat *** stripes of test subjects became darker after exposure to an animation exhibiting a paleoperculum than after exposure to a dark operculum animation, highlighting the role of the dark-ness of this color pattern in opponent assessment. We conclude that （i） the black stripes on theoperculum of N. pulcherare a reliable signal of aggression and dominance, （ii） these markings playan important role in opponent assessment, and （iii） 2D computer animations are well suited to elicitbiologically meaningful short-term aggressive responses in this widely used model system ofsocial evolution.

关键词： aggression, agonistic behavior, animated pictures, cichlid fish, communication, cooperation, social, threat display.

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Diversity patterns and phylogenetic structure of vascular plants along elevational gradients in a mountain ecosystem, South Korea

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 280-295页

作者： CHUN Jung-Hwa LEE Chang-Bae division of Forest ecology National Institute of Forest Science Global Resources division Korea Forestry Promotion Institute

Recently, a phylogenetic diversity and community structure analysis as complementary to species-centric approaches in biodiversity studies provides new insights into the processes of community assembly. In this study, we analyzed species and phylogenetic diversity and community structures for woody and herbaceous plants along two elevational transects on Mt. Baekhwa, South Korea. The species richness and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants showed monotonic declining patterns with increasing elevation along all transects, whereas herbaceous plants showed different patterns, such as no relationship and a reversed unimodal pattern, between the study transects. The main drivers of these patterns were climate and habitat variables for woody and herbaceous plants, respectively. In addition, the phylogenetic community structure primarily showed phylogenetic clustering regulated by deterministic processes, especially environmental filtering, such as climate or habitat factors, along the two transects, although herbaceous plants along a transect depicted phylogenetic randomness as a result of a neutral process. Our findings suggest that deterministic and neutral processes may simultaneously control the community structures along small-scale elevational gradients such as local transects, although the deterministic process may be the predominant type.

关键词： Community structure Deterministicprocess Elevational gradient Neutral process Phylogenetic diversity Species richness

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Diversity of non-timber forest products in Cachar District, Assam, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 463-470页

作者： Shovan Dattagupta Abhik Gupta Manoranjan Ghose Department of ecology and Environmental Science Assam University Biological Sciences division Indian Statistical Institute

We identified 67 and 21 NTFP-yielding plant and animal species, respectively, in a reserve forest in Cachar district of Assam. We recorded globally threatened species listed by IUCN as Critically Endangered （plant species Dipterocarpus turbinatus）, Vulnerable （plant species Aquillaria malaccensis）, Endangered （animal species Hoolock hoolock, Indotestudo elongata and Manis pentadactyla）, and Vulnerable （animal species Nilssonia hurum and Rusa unicolor）. The whole plant or animal and/or their various parts were used as food or medicine, in house construction, magico-religious activities and others. While some NTFPs were harvested throughout the year, others were harvested seasonally. A comprehensive NTFP policy, along with scientific measures for regen- eration, restoration and augmentation of NTFP-yielding plants and animals, would help in addressing the conflicting demands of conservation and livelihood in the forests of this area.

关键词： Non-timber forest product (NTFP) lndo-Burma biodiversity hotspot Assam IUCN red list diversity threatened taxa

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Interspecific competition, hybridization, and reproductive isolation in secondary contact： missing perspectives on males and females

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 75-88页

作者： Sara E. LIPSHUTZ Department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology Division of Biology University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTennessee 37996 USA

Research on sexual selection and hybridization has focused on female mate choice and male-male competition. While the evolutionary outcomes of interspecific female preference have been well explored, we are now gaining a better understanding of the processes by which male-male compe- tition between species in secondary contact promotes reproductive isolation versus hybridization. What is relatively unexplored is the interaction between female choice and male competition, as they can oppose one another or align with similar outcomes for reproductive isolation. The role of female-female competition in hybridization is also not well understood, but could operate similarly to male-male competition in polyandrous and other systems where costs to heterospecific mating are low for females. Reproductive competition between either sex of sympatric species can cause the divergence and/or convergence of sexual signals and recognition, which in turn influences the likelihood for interspecific mating. Future work on species interactions in secondary contact should test the relative influences of both mate choice and competition for mates on hybridization outcomes, and should not ignore the possibilities that females can compete over mating resources, and males can exercise mate choice.

关键词： female-female competition hybridization male-male competition reproductive isolation sexual selection

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A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 327-336页

作者： Shaun TD NEW Richard A PETERS ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science Division of EvolutionEcology & GeneticsResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National University

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3D） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].

关键词： Signal evolution Sensory ecology Movement-based signal 3D Display Action Pattern

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Niche overlap in allotopic and syntopic populations of sexually interacting ground-hopper species

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 391-402页

作者： Axel Hochkirch Julia Groning Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier University of Osnabruck Department of Biologyl Chemistry Division of Ecology Osnabrock Germany

There is accumulating evidence that sexual interactions among species （reproductive interference） could have dramatic effects for species＇ coexistence. It has been shown that the fitness of individuals can be substantially reduced as a consequence of reproductive interference. This might subsequently lead to displacement of a species （sexual exclusion）. On the other hand, some evolutionary and ecological mechanisms might enable species to coexist, such as the divergence of mate recognition systems （reproductive character displacement）, habitat partitioning, clumped dispersion patterns or different colonization capabilities. We have previously shown that the two ground-hopper species Tetrix subulata and Tetrix ceperoi interact sexually in the laboratory as well as in the field. At sites where both species co-occur niche overlap was high, suggesting that coexistence is maintained by different niche breadths rather than by habitat partitioning. To test the hypothesis that habitat partitioning does not contribute to species＇ coexistence, we examined whether allotopic and syntopic populations of these two species differ in niche overlap （competitive release）, Our results show that niche overlap is higher in syntopic than in allotopic populations, suggesting that the site-specific habitat structure （heterogeneity） has a stronger influence on microhabitat utilization than the presence of heterospecifics. Hence, our data do not support the hypothesis that habitat partitioning plays a substantial role for the coexistence of these sexually interacting species.

关键词： coexistence competition niche breadth niche partitioning reproductive interference

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Structure and floristic composition of old-growth wet evergreen forests of Nelliampathy Hills, Southern Western Ghats

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 37-46页

作者： V.S. Ramachandran K. Swarupanandan Forest ecology and Biodiversity Conservation division Kerala Forest Research InstitutePeechiThrissur-680653KeralaIndia.

We analyze the structure and composition of old-growth wet evergreen forest of Nelliampathy hills, the chain of hills lying immediately south of Palghat Gap, in the southern Western Ghats of India. We sampled 30 plots of 0.1 ha each （50 m × 20 m） at six locations enumerating all plants ？ 10 cm girth at breast height. We pooled the data and computed various structural parameters. There were 152 species of 120 genera and 51 families of the study area. Of these, 118 （77%） were trees, 24 were climbers （16%） and 10 were shrubs （7%）. Species richness varied from 58–99 per 0.5 ha sample and Shannon indices of diversity ranged from 4.4 to 5.2. Fifty-nine per cent （89 species） of the species were Indian Sub-continent elements and 34% （51 species） are endemic to the Western Ghats. Fifteen species are listed in various threat categories. Aglaia and Litsea were the most species-rich genera. Numbers of families ranged from 27–43 per 0.5 ha sample. Euphorbiaceae and Lauraceae were the most species-rich families. Stand density varied from 1714 to 2244 stems·ha？1 and basal area from 53.6 to 102.1 m2·ha？1. The vegetation was dominated by 3–6 species and six dominance patterns characterized the species composition within the hill complex. The old-growth evergreen forests of Nelliampathy exist as small fragments rich in biodiversity and can be used as benchmarks for comparison with disturbed forests.

关键词： Old-growth evergreen forest Nelliampathy Western Ghats species richness tree density relative abundance stand structure.

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Influence of visual targets and landmarks on honey bee foraging and waggle dancing

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Insect Science 2020年第2期27卷 349-360页

作者： Bahram Kheradmand Julian Cassano Selena Gray James C.Nieh division of Biological Sciences Section of EcologyBehavior&EvolutionUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

Animals use diverse sensory stimuli to navigate their environment and to recognize rewarding food *** bees use visual atributes of the targeted food source,such as its color,shape,size,direction and distance from the hive,and the landmarks around it to navigate during *** transmit the location information of the food source to other bees if it is highly *** investigate the relative importance of these attributes,we trained bees to feeders in two different *** the first experiment,we asked whether bees prefer to land on(a)a similar feeder at a different distance on the same heading or on(b)a visually distinct feeder located at the exact same *** found that,within a short foraging range,bees relied heavily on the color and the shape of the food source and to a lesser extent on its distance from the *** the second experiment,we asked if moving the main landmark or the feeder(visual target)influenced recruitment dancing for the *** found that foragers took longer to land and danced fewer circuits when the location of the food source,or a major landmark associated with it,*** results demonstrate that prominent visual atributes of food sources and landmarks are evidently more reliable than distance information and that foraging bees heavily utilize these visual cues at the later stages of their journey.

关键词： Apis mellifera foraging leaning navigation visual orientation

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Alkaline phosphatase as a bio-indicator of phosphorus-eutrophy in freshwater ecosystems: A review

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第3期38卷 349-360页

作者： Madhulika Singh Jitendra Pandey Ganga River ecology Research Laboratory Environmental Science Division Centre of Advanced Study in Botany Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University

Limnologists have greatly advanced the understanding of indicators of phosphorus(P)-eutrophy in surface waters. Biotic variables such as macro-invertebrates, fish, zooplankton, benthic algae, and diatoms are extensively used for bio-assessment of eutrophy. New concepts highlight the importance of bed-sediment based “response” variables predicting functional shifts during eutrophication. A cross analysis of studies reveals that alkaline phosphatase(ALP), which serves as a proxy of P-deficiency, and also as an indicator of benthic anoxia/hypoxia-driven feedbacks, can be an easy to measure, cost-effective and reliable tool to assess changes in nutrient stoichiometry, trophic status, and ecological functioning at the sediment-water interface. Here, the issues discussed in this paper are highly relevant to explore new domains of research and “response” based ecosystem models for potential eutrophication management decisions. Because ALP is used in molecular cloning and fingerprinting studies, it is suggested that approaches based on the “omics” technologies need to be used to explore more intricate connections to empirically address ALP-P-eutrophy linkages to track eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems.

关键词： Alkaline phosphatase Sediment based-indicators Ecosystem feedback Nutrient stoichiometry Phosphorus-eutrophy

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