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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 901-910页

作者： Arnaud Ameline Alain Karkach Thomas Denoirjean Martial Grondin Florencia Molinari Patrick Turpin Helene Delatte Bernard Reynaud UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN(ecologie et Dynamique des Systemes Anthropises) Universite de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensCedexFrance UMR PVBMT(Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical) Universitéde la RéunionSaint PierreLa RéunionFrance

Plant pathogens can alter the behavior of their insect vectors as well as their survival and reproduction.The African psyllid,Trioza erytreae,is one of the vectors of Huanglongbing,a citrus disease caused mainly by"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus"(CLas).The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of CLas on the psyllid,T.erytreae using Citrus volkamerina plants as the study system.The study focused more specifically on the CLas effects prior to and after its acquisition by the psyllid T.erytreae.Our results did not support the hypothesis that CLas effects psyllid probing behavior prior to acquisition;few differences were observed between uninfected T.erytrea feeding on CLas-infected versus control plants.On the other hand,compared to psyllids that had completed their development on control plants,the ones that had completed their development on a CLas-infected plant exhibited changes in their behavior(greater velocity),physiology(smaller mass)and biochemistry(lower water and lipid content).Altogether,our results confirm the existence of a marked postacquisition effect on the vector locomotor behavior and a minor preacquisition effect of CLas on the vector behavior,which can be partially explained by physiological and biochemical changes.

关键词： electrical penetration graph Huanglongbing locomotory behavior lipid biomass probing behavior vector manipulation

Structural effects of reedbed grazing and its cessation on reed-nesting songbird densities

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 238-248页

作者： Thomas Pagnon Clemence Pechinot Lea Sgro Jeremie Demay Remi Jullian Regis Gallais Brigitte Poulin Cyril Marmoex Theria ecologie 6 avenue des martyrs05400VeynesFrance UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement CNRSUniversite de Franche-Comte16 route de Gray25000BesanconFrance Conservatoire d’Espaces Naturels d’Occitanie 26 alle de Mycenes34000MontpellierFrance Office Français de la Biodiversite 12 cours Lumiere94300VincennesFrance Tour du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands Le Sambuc13200ArlesFrance

Reedbeds are crucial breeding habitats for vulnerable songbird species.Irrespective of their protection status,these habitats may be threatened by organic matter accumulation,progressively leading to structural homoge-nization and habitat succession towards woodland.Managers prevent excessive litter build-up with various in-terventions opening-up the reedbeds,such as grazing,which may be detrimental or suitable for some reed bird species.We assessed the effects of extensive grazing by horses and its cessation in the medium and long terms on reedbed structure,and the consequences on reed-nesting songbird densities in Estagnol Nature Reserve,a pro-tected wetland near the French Mediterranean coast.We compared reedbed structural features between grazed,newly ungrazed and old-ungrazed plots.During nine years,we censused four songbird species in spring and collected water level data in the same survey plots.Grazing reduced reedbed extent,rejuvenated the vegetation with more short green stems on a thinner litter,and produced higher structural heterogeneity and discontinuity compared to long-lasting non grazing.Newly ungrazed plot showed intermediate effects.All surveyed songbird total densities were similar among plots while species numbers and densities differed.Grazed reedbed was more attractive to Moustached Warblers(Acrocephalus melanopogon)and Great Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus arundi-naceus),likely due to the large edges and the high vegetation structural heterogeneity.However,Moustached Warblers were more negatively affected by higher water level in grazed reedbed,presumably because flooding prevents litter foraging.The newly ungrazed reedbed was not preferred by any species.All warbler species were found under low density in the old-ungrazed reedbed,where Reed Buntings(Emberiza schoeniclus)were exclu-sively found.Food availability related to thick litter layer may explain this predilection.Common Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus scirpaceus)were found everywhere in similar densities.We conclude that reedbed management b

关键词： Bird conservation Edge complexity Fragmentation Habitat management Horse grazing Phragmites australis Reed passerine

Copernicrinus zamorae gen.et sp.nov.,the oldest thiolliericrinid crinoid(Crinoidea,Echinodermata) from the Bajocian strata of Algeria,Africa

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 237-251页

作者： Bartosz J.Pιachno Madani Benyoucef Fayc al Mekki Mohammed Adaci Imad Bouchemla Sreepat Jain Marcin Krajewski Mariusz A.Salamon Faculty of Biology Institute of BotanyJagiellonian University in KrakowGronostajowa Street 930-387 KrakowPoland Laboratoire de Géomatique Ecologie et EnvironnementMustapha Stambouli University of MascaraDZ-29000 MascaraAlgeria Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen TlemcenAlgeria Department of Geological Sciences Faculty of Biological and Agricultural SciencesMouloud Mammeri University of Tizi-OuzouTizi-OuzouAlgeria Adama Science and Technology University School of Applied Natural SciencesDepartment of Applied GeologyP.O.Box 1888AdamaEthiopia Faculty of Geology Geophysics and Environmental ProtectionAGH University of Science and TechnologyAl.A.Mickiewicza 30PL-30-059KrakowPoland Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Silesia in KatowiceBedzinska Street 60PL-41-200 SosnowiecPoland

The thiolliericrinids(Thiolliericrinidae) are comatulids(Comatulida),which retained their stalks as adults.Here,we report a centrodorsal from the Bajocian strata(Middle Jurassic) of the Djebel Kérdacha area,northwestern Algeria(Africa).It is the first thiolliericrinid report from outside of Europe and also the oldest representative of the Thiolliericrinidae whose first occurrence is from the Oxfordian.The crinoid is assigned to Copernicrinus zamorae gen.et sp.nov.The reported new taxon shows strong similarities with the stemless ‘true’comatulids,Solanocrinites;the only difference is the presence of a facet to the stem in Copernicrinus.The closest comparable thiolliericrinid to Copernicrinus is the Oxfordian Thiolliericrinus,interpreted as a descendant of the latter.The origin and overview of all thiolliericrinid representatives are also discussed herein.

关键词： Thiolliericrinidae Crinoids Coral facies Bajocian Jurassic Algeria Southern Tethys margin

Beyond dichotomies in species and speciation

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 15-17页

作者： Jeffrey L.Feder Patrik Nosil Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Centre d'ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive University MontpellierCNRS EPHE IRD

Speciation is not as mysterious as D arwin once described it [1].Nevertheless,important questions remain.As discussed by Wu[2] and highlighted in a series of papers in National Science Review (NSR),these issues equate with imposing dichotomous perspectives on speciation,when the nature of species and the processes creating them can complicate discrete categorization.

关键词： DIVERGENCE EVOLUTION ADAPTATION INVERSIONS CONTINUUM RACE

Agricultural Contamination of the Surface Waters of the Upper Ouémé in Benin: The Case of Heavy Metals and Pesticides

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 83-99页

作者： Armelle Sabine Yélignan Hounkpatin Nonvignon Martial Fassinou Fadéby Modeste Gouissi Zoulkanerou Orou Piami Dossou Armel Géraldo Houndeton Souradjou Orou Goura Wakili Bolatito Yessoufou Tayéwo Sylvain Biaou Laboratory of Hygiene Sanitation Toxicology and Environmental Health (HECOTES) The Training Centre Interfacultaire and Environmental Research for Sustainable Development (CIFRED) of the University of Abomey (UAC) Cotonou Benin Plurildisciplinary Research Laboratory for Technical Education (LARPET) of the University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Lokossa Benin Laboratoire d’ecologie de Santé et de Productions Animales (LESPA) Faculté d’Agronomie (FA) Université de Parakou (UP) Parakou Bénin

Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and pesticides. Method: To this end, data were collected in December 2022 from four specific sampling stations: Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro. Levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead, were measured and subjected to in-depth statistical analysis using graphical summation models. In addition, the concentrations of pesticide active ingredients present in the samples were interpreted and evaluated. The statistical data collected during this study were processed using R software, version 3.5.0. Results: The values obtained at the different stations Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro are respectively Arsenic (2 × 10-4 mg/L;2.2 × 10-1 mg/L;1.2 × 10-4 mg/L;2 × 10-4 mg/L), Cadmium (4.4 × 10-5 mg/L;1.1 × 10-2 mg/L;10-4 mg/L;4 × 10-4 mg/L). Then Copper (7 × 10-4 mg/L;3 × 10-3 mg/L;7 × 10-4 mg/L;1 × 10-4 mg/L), Iron (1.51 mg/L;6.4 × 10-1 mg/L;2.0012 mg/L;2.9 × 10-1 mg/L), Lead (0 mg/L;0 mg/L;1.5 × 10-3 mg/L;1.5 × 10-3 mg/L). Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead) were all below the guideline standards set by the WHO in 2006 for uncontaminated surface waters. This indicates that the surface waters of the Upper Ouémé were below acceptable contamination thresholds in terms of heavy metals. However, the presence of pesticide active ingredients such as cyfluthrin, endosulfan-alpha, endosulfan-beta, profenosfos, tihan, atrazine, gala super and glycel clearly indicates that thes

关键词： Agricultural Contamination Heavy Metals Pesticides Surface Water North Benin

Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test, Boson Biotech SARS CoV-2 Ag, for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Gabon

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 469-477页

作者： Samira Zoa Assoumou Ulrich Leger Davy Mouangala Ludovic Mewono Davy-Christ Angoune Ndong Guy Paterne Malonga Mbembo Nely Meungang Alain Moutsinga Elvyre Anita Mbongo Kama Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema Dpartement de Bactriologie-Virologie Universit des Sciences de la Sant Libreville Gabon Laboratoire Professeur Daniel Gahouma Libreville Gabon Departement des Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Ecole Normale Suprieure Libreville Gabon Centre de sant de Glass Libreville Gabon Laboratoire National de Sant Publique Libreville Gabon Dpartement de Biologie et ecologie Animale Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Libreville Gabon Laboratoire decologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT) Universit Libreville Nord (ULN) Libreville Gabon

1) Background: Rapid and acurate diagnostic testing for case identification, quarantine, and contact tracing is essential for managing the COVID 19 pandemic. Rapid antigen detection tests are available, however, it is important to evaluate their performances before use. We tested a rapid antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2, based on the immunochromatography (Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test (Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., China)) and the results were compared with the real time reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Gold standard) results;2) Methods: From November 2021 to December 2021, samples were collected from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals referred for testing in a hospital during the second pandemic wave in Gabon. All these participants attending “CTA Angondjé”, a field hospital set up as part of the management of COVID-19 in Gabon. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected in all the patients, one for Ag test and the other for RT-PCR;3) Results: A total of 300 samples were collected from 189 symptomatic and 111 asymptomatic individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 82.5% [95%CI 73.8 - 89.3] and 97.9 % [95%CI 92.2 - 98.2] respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 84.4% (95% CI: 79.8 - 88.3%). The antigen test was more likely to be positive for samples with RT-PCR Ct values ≤ 32, with a sensitivity of 89.8%;4) Conclusions: The Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test has good sensitivity and can detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among symptomatic individuals with low viral load. This test could be incorporated into efficient testing algorithms as an alternative to PCR to decrease diagnostic delays and curb viral transmission.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Diagnostic Test Evaluation COVID-19 Antigen Performance

Diverse organic carbon activates soil microbiome functioning via niche modulation

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Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第4期5卷 5-7页

作者： Thomas Pommier UMR INRAE 1418 ecologie Microbienne UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1F-69622 VilleurbanneFrance

Considering the“One Health”framework,the soil microbial community is essential for plant,animal,and ultimately to human health(Banerjee and van der Heijden,2023).Similar to the microbiome in human gut(Berendsen et al.,2012),the plant-associated microbiota drives key functions in agroecosystems,such as supporting nutrient uptake,suppressing plant pathogens,or improving host stress tolerance(Hartmann and Six,2023).However,continuous mono-cropping run in intensified agroecosystems often leads to the loss of soil biodiversity,reduces resistance to plant pathogens,and ultimately causes the outbreak of soil-borne diseases(Tsiafouli et al.,2015;Raaijmakers and Mazzola,2016).This represents a major threat to global food security and sustainable development in agriculture(Strange and Scott,2005;Butler,2013).Accordingly,soil microbiome engineering is widely recognized as a promising approach to promote plant health and agricultural sustainability(Raaijmakers and Mazzola,2016;Hartman et al.,2018).

关键词： soil intensified supporting

Expression and modulation of neuroligin and neurexin in the olfactory organ of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera fittoralis

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 210-221页

作者： Nicolas Durand Thomas Chertemps Francoise Bozzolan Martine Maibeche Sorbonne Universites UPMC - Univ Paris 06 Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de 'Environnement de Paris INRA CNRS IRD UPECD6partement d'Ecologie Sensorielle F-75252 Paris France

Carboxylesterases are enzymes widely distributed within living organisms. In insects, they have been mainly involved in dietary metabolism and detoxification function. Interestingly, several members of this family called carboxylesterase-like ad- hesion molecules （CLAMs） have lost their catalytic properties and are mainly involved in neuro/developmental functions. CLAMs include gliotactins, neurotactins, glutactins, and neuroligins. The latter have for binding partner the neurexin. In insects, the function of these proteins has been mainly studied in Drosophila central nervous system or neuro- muscular junction. Some studies suggested a role of neuroligins and neurexin in sensory processing but CLAM expression within sensory systems has not been investigated. Here, we reported the identification of 5 putative CLAMs expressed in the olfactory system of the model pest insect Spodoptera littoralis. One neuroligin, Slnlg4-yll and its putative binding partner neurexin Slnrxl were the most expressed in the antennae and were surprisingly associated with olfactory sensilla. In addition, both transcripts were upregulated in male antennae after mating, known to modulate the sensitivity of the peripheral olfactory system in S. littoralis, suggesting that these molecules could be involved in sensory plasticity.

关键词： carboxylesterase-like adhesion molecules insect neurexin neuroligins olfaction

Obstetrical specificities of Ivorian adolescent mothers on a single-center hospital series of 1040 cases

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 86-90页

作者： Edele Kacou Aka Apollinaire Horo Mohamed Fanny Luc Olou Perel Konan Abdoul Koffi Ana Toure-Ecra Mamourou Kone Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny(FHB) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yopougon-AbidjanService de Gynecologie-ObstetriqueAbidjanCote d’Ivoire

Overview and aim:The precocity of sexual intercourse among adolescent girls is a prominent source of unwanted pregnancy.Here,we aim to survey the past issues relating to the pregnancy,childbirth,and materno-fetal prognosis of Ivorian adolescent women.Methods:We conducted a retrospsective study with adolescent group(n=1040)versus young adult group aged 20 to 24(n=736)over three years from1st January 2016 to 31rd December 2018 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Abidjan-Yopougon Hospital.Maternal and fetal outcomes of the two groups were analyzed and compared by using Pearson's Chi2 tests and Fisher's exact tests,followed by multivariate analysis and logistic regression using Stata software version 20.Results:The average age of adolescent girls in our study was 17.45 years(SD=1.39)and a minimum of 12 years.Adolescents consulted less(P<0.0001)and later(P<0.0001)versus young adults aged 20 to 24.The proportion of adolescent girls(47.6%)versus young adults(39.1%)who had underwent caesarean section was significantly higher(P=0.0004).These adolescents were 3.5-fold more likely to develop hypertension and its complications in the postpartum period and 2.5-fold more likely to contract a postpartum infection.Maternal mortality was not significantly associated with adolescence(OR=0.52)(95%CI:0.22–1.19;P=0.0891).The risk of prematurity,early neonatal death,and neonatal admission were 2.02(95%CI:1.56–2.63;P<0.0001),1.55(95%CI:1.14–2.13;P=0.0040),and 1.73(95%CI:1.12–2.71;P=0.0097)in adolescence,respectively.Conclusion:Adolescent childbirth remains associated with a poor prognosis.

关键词： High-risk pregnancy Adolescent girl West Africa

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热带草原棕榈树的空间格局及其时间变异性

Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第5期15卷 1049-1064页

作者： Amara Sidiki Traoré Kouadio Ignace Kouassi Moussa Koné Jacques Gignoux Sébastien Barot UFR des Sciences de la Nature UniversitéNANGUI ABROGOUACentre de Recherche en EcologieStation d'Ecologie de LamtoAbidjanCote d'Ivoire Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Paris Sorbonne UniversiteUniversitéde ParisUPECCNRSINRAIRDParisFrance

物种的空间分布和关联可以提供林分的基本信息及动态。然而,由于树木的空间分布和关联依赖于不同尺度下的环境因子,要弄清环境异质性和植物间相互作用的影响,需要选择合适的空间模型进行分析。本研究分析了同一热带草原棕榈树的种群空... 详细信息

物种的空间分布和关联可以提供林分的基本信息及动态。然而,由于树木的空间分布和关联依赖于不同尺度下的环境因子,要弄清环境异质性和植物间相互作用的影响,需要选择合适的空间模型进行分析。本研究分析了同一热带草原棕榈树的种群空间分布,并假设这些分布在20年内发生了变化。为了消除大规模环境异质性的影响,采用异质性泊松零模型下的非均质L-函数。研究结果发现:(ⅰ)与20年前不同,稀树草原地区的成年树种呈规则分布而非聚集分布:(ⅱ)虽然幼苗和幼树的空间分布总是呈聚集状,但聚集区域面积(强度)在减少:(ⅲ)除幼树期,其它阶段均与富养斑块无关联,这也与20年前不同;(ⅳ)没有两个研究地点在结构上有特别的差异,只是雌性棕榈树在空间上与保护区的整叶幼苗有关联,而在乡村,它们在空间上是相互独立的。我们的研究证明,空间分布发生了部分变化,同时对空间异质性的管理也更加完善,模拟结果也更精确。

关键词：空间异质性棕榈树异质性泊松零模型空间分布空间关联 Lamto保护区