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Optimal Classification of Minerals by Microscopic Image Analysis Based on Seven-State “deep Learning” Combined with Optimizers

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第6期14卷 1550-1572页

作者： Kouadio Krah Sie Ouattara Gbele Ouattara Alain Clement Joseph Vangah laboratoire de Gnie Civil Gosciences et Sciences Gographiques Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Institut National polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique (EDP) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de lInformation (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire ecole de Gomatique et du Territoire (eGT) Abidjan Cte dIvoire laRIS SFR MATHSTIC Universit dAngers Angers France Universit Virtuelle de Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has made it possible to accelerate and improve the processing of data collected in different fields (commerce, medicine, surveillance or security, agriculture, etc.). Most related works use open source consistent image databases. This is the case for ImageNet reference data such as coco data, IP102, CIFAR-10, STL-10 and many others with variability representatives. The consistency of its images contributes to the spectacular results observed in its fields with deep learning. The application of deep learning which is making its debut in geology does not, to our knowledge, include a database of microscopic images of thin sections of open source rock minerals. In this paper, we evaluate three optimizers under the AlexNet architecture to check whether our acquired mineral images have object features or patterns that are clear and distinct to be extracted by a neural network. These are thin sections of magmatic rocks (biotite and 2-mica granite, granodiorite, simple granite, dolerite, charnokite and gabbros, etc.) which served as support. We use two hyper-parameters: the number of epochs to perform complete rounds on the entire data set and the “learning rate” to indicate how quickly the weights in the network will be modified during optimization. Using Transfer Learning, the three (3) optimizers all based on the gradient descent methods of Stochastic Momentum Gradient descent (sgdm), Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSprop) algorithm and Adaptive estimation of moment (Adam) achieved better performance. The recorded results indicate that the Momentum optimizer achieved the best scores respectively of 96.2% with a learning step set to 10−3 for a fixed choice of 350 epochs during this variation and 96, 7% over 300 epochs for the same value of the learning step. This performance is expected to provide excellent insight into image quality for future studies. Then they participate in the development of

关键词： Classification Convolutional Neural Network deep Learning Optimizers Transfer Learning Rock Mineral Images

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Phytochemical Screening and Assays of Phenolic Compounds in Senna occidentalis L. Leaf and Seed extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 499-508页

作者： edmond Antoine Badock lahat Niang Abdoulaye Dramé Célestine Nkounkou-Loumpangou Omar Touré Omar Sokhna Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cissé ecole suprieure polytechnique Laboratoire Eau Energie Environnement et Procds Industriels (LE3PI) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal ecole suprieure polytechnique Centre dEtudes sur la Scurit Alimentaire et les Molcules Fonctionnelles (CESAM-RESCIF) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal laboratoire de Valorisation des Produits de la Biomasse Dpartement de Chimie Universit Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sngal Unit de Chimie du Vgtal et de la Vie Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Republic of the Congo laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bio-Organique Dpartement de Chimie Facult des Sciences et Techniques/UCAD Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal

Phytochemical screening and assay of secondary metabolites, crude extracts with distilled water, aqueous methanol, aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol of leaves and seeds of Senna occidentalis L. were studied in this work. The aim was to verify the distribution of secondary metabolites according to S. occidentalis organs. Four leaf samples from four different localities (South, east, West and Central Senegal) and a mixed sample of seeds were used. Functional molecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were then assessed in the leaves and seeds using various standard methods. The results show that Senna occidentalis L. leaf and seed samples display an identical and homogeneous profile, regardless of locality. They contain secondary metabolites and the polyphenol content of extracts from southern, eastern, western and central leaves is: 0.620 - 0.539 - 0.811 - 0.573 g GAe/100 g DM;flavonoids: 0.064 - 0.074 - 0.130 - 0.101 g Ce/100 g DM and tannins: 0.326 - 0.264 - 0.269 - 0.494 g TAe/100 g DM. The efficacy of S. occidentalis L. infusions in therapy is thus justified by the presence of these metabolites, whose biological properties are well known. It is then possible to explore isolation of active principles of Senna occidentalis L. leaves and even seeds for producing medicines.

关键词： Senna occidentalis L. Total Polyphenols Flavonoids Tannins

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Quantitative Comparative Study of the Performance of Lossless Compression Methods Based on a Text Data Model

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1944-1962页

作者： Namogo Silué Sié Ouattara Mouhamadou Dosso Alain Clément laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de lInformation (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Institut National polytechnique Houphout Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire UFR Mathmatique-Informatique Ecole Doctorale Sciences-Technologie et Agriculture Durable (ED STAD) Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan Cte dIvoire ecole de Gomatique et du Territoire (eGT) Abidjan Cte dIvoire laRIS SFR MATHSTIC Universit dAngers Angers France

Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLe, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLeLikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding.

关键词： Arithmetic Coding BWT Compression Ratio Comparative Study Compression Techniques Shannon-Fano Huffman Lossless Compression LZW Performance Redundancy RLe Text Data Tunstall

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In vivo polydopamine coating of Rhodobacter sphaeroides for enhanced electron transfer

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 875-881页

作者： Rossella labarile Danilo Vona Maria Varsalona Matteo Grattieri Melania Reggente Roberto Comparelli Gianluca M.Farinola Fabian Fischer Ardemis A.Boghossian Massimo Trotta Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheBari 70126Italy Dipartimento di Chimica Universitàdegli Studi di BariBari 70126Italy Institute of Chemical Sciences and engineering(ISIC) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Institute of Life Technologies HES-SO Valais-Wallis1950 SionSwitzerland Institute for Renewable energy HES-SO Valais-Wallis1950 SionSwitzerland

Recent advances in coupling light-harvesting microorganisms with electronic components have led to a new generation of biohybrid devices based on microbial *** devices are limited by the poorly conductive interface between phototrophs and synthetic materials that inhibit charge *** study focuses on overcoming this bottleneck through the metabolically-driven encapsulation of photosynthetic cells with a bio-inspired conductive *** of the purple non sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides were coated with a polydopamine(PDA)nanoparticle layer via the self-polymerization of dopamine under anaerobic *** treated cells show preserved light absorption of the photosynthetic pigments in the presence of dopamine concentrations ranging between 0.05–3.5 *** thickness and nanoparticle formation of the membrane-associated PDA matrix were further shown to vary with the dopamine concentrations in this *** to uncoated cells,the encapsulated cells show up to a 20-fold enhancement in transient photocurrent measurements under mediatorless *** biologically synthesized PDA can thus act as a matrix for electronically coupling the light-harvesting metabolisms of cells with conductive surfaces.

关键词： bioelectronics photosynthetic bacteria purple bacteria electron transfer polydopamine biophotovoltaics

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Role of Anthropogenic Climate Change in Autumn Drought Trend over China from 1961 to 2014

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第2期36卷 251-260页

作者： Xuyu ZHANG Jinhua YU laurent ZXLI Wei LI Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis 75252France

Understanding the impact of anthropogenic climate change on drought is of great significance to the prevention of its adverse *** drought indices,standardized precipitation index(SPI)and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPeI),are used here for the detection and attribution of autumn droughts in China,and for the exploration of the role played by the anthropogenic climate *** is only related to precipitation,but SPeI involves both precipitation and potential *** their trend’s spatial patterns,the historical simulations(including all forcings,noted as ALL)from 11 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6,as an ensemble,are able to reproduce their observational *** shows wetting trend in the north of 35°N and drying trend in the *** shows drying trend in almost whole *** drying trend in historical simulations ALL is significantly stronger,compared with the counterpart from the accompanying simulations(called NAT)with only natural forcings *** result clearly indicates that anthropogenic climate change plays a dominant role in the enhancement of autumn drought in China.A more rigorous detection work is also performed with the signal’s fingerprint of ALL(and NAT)projected onto the observation and assessed with the background noise from no external-forcing control *** trend pattern signal in ALL is significantly detected in observation for both SPI and SPeI,with a more pronounced signal in SPeI than in SPI,while the signal of NAT is not detected for neither SPI nor ***,extreme droughts(with indices beyond-2)are assessed in terms of probability ratio between ALL and *** is shown that the anthropogenic precipitation change plays a leading role in the south of 35°N,while the anthropogenic temperature change leads in the north.

关键词： drought anthropogenic effect detection and attribution standardized precipitation index(SPI)and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPeI)

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detection of Burned Areas through Spectral Indices Analysis of Sentinel-2A Satellite Images in the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (Central, Côte D’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 205-222页

作者： Bob Kouakou Kouadio Sié Ouattara Alain Clément Jean-Marc Gala Bi Zaouri Jean-Luc Kouadio Kouassi Jean-Luc edouard Kouakou N’guessan laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de l’Information (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire laboratoire des Sciences Agronomiques et Génie Rural Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire ecole de Géomatique et du Territoire (eGT) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire laRIS SFR MATHSTIC Université d’Angers Angers France Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d’application en Télédétection (CURAT) UFR des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire laboratoire de Botanique UFR Biosciences Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of bushfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of burnt areas within the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (AWR) by employing the analysis of spectral indices derived from satellite imagery. The research methodology began with the calculation of mean indices and their corresponding spectral sub-indices, including NDVI, SAVI, NDWI, NDMI, BAI, NBR, TCW, TCG, and TCB, utilizing data from the Sentinel-2A satellite image dated January 17, 2022. Subsequently, a fuzzy classification model was applied to these various indices and sub-indices, guided by the degree of membership α, with the goal of effectively distinguishing between burned and unburned areas. Following the classification, the accuracies of the classified indices and sub-indices were validated using the coordinates of 100 data points collected within the AWR through GPS technology. The results revealed that the overall accuracy of all indices and sub-indices declines as the degree of membership α decreases from 1 to 0. Among the mean spectral indices, NDVI-mean, SAVI-mean, NDMI-mean exhibited the highest overall accuracies, achieving 97%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. These results closely mirrored those obtained by sub-indices using band 8 (NDVI-B8, SAVI-B8, and NDMI-B8), which yield respective overall accuracies of 93%, 92%, and 89%. At a degree of membership α = 1, the estimated burned areas for the most effective indices encompassed 2144.38 hectares for NDVI-mean, 1932.14 hectares for mean SAVI-mean, and 4947.13 hectares for mean NDMI-mean. A prospective approach involving the amalgamation of these three indices could have the potential to yield improved outcomes. This study could be a substantial contribution to the discrimination of bushfires in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Spectral Indices Wildfire Burned Areas Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve Côte D’Ivoire

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Improving contrast and sectioning power in confocal imaging by third harmonic generation in SiOx nanocrystallites

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Chinese Optics Letters 2007年第8期5卷 477-479页

作者： Gilbert Boyer Karsten Plamann laboratoire d'Optique Appliqude Ecole Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Techniques A vancdes-CNRS UMR 7639 Centre de l'Yvette chemin de la Hunière 91761 Palaiseau cedex France

We present a new optical microscope in which the light transmitted by a sample-scanned transmission confocal microscope is frequency-tripled by SiOx nanocrystallites in lieu of being transmitted by a confocal pinhole. This imaging technique offers an increased contrast and a high scattered light rejection. It is demonstrated that the contrast close to the Sparrow resolution limit is enhanced and the sectioning power are increased with respect to the linear confocal detection mode. An experimental implementation is presented and compared with the conventional linear confocal mode.

关键词： mode Improving contrast and sectioning power in confocal imaging by third harmonic generation in SiO_x nanocrystallites THG

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Diagnosing the Dynamic and Thermodynamic effects for the exceptional 2020 Summer Rainy Season in the Yangtze River Valley

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第1期36卷 26-36页

作者： Na WeN Shujie LIU laurent Z.X.LI College of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of education Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Qingdao engineering Technology Research Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention Qingdao Meteorological BureauQingdao 266003China laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis 75252France

An exceptional rainy season occurred in the Yangtze River valley of eastern China in June-July *** relative importance of the dynamic and thermodynamic effects on this unusual event is evaluated through the budget equations of moisture and moist static energy(MSe).The moisture budget analysis suggests that the thermodynamic effect contributes to the precipitation anomaly by 8.5%through the advection of abnormal water vapor by mean vertical motion,while the dynamic effect,related to water vapor advection by anomalous vertical motion,has the dominant *** MSe budget analysis further reveals that the anomalous vertical motion is both constrained by the dynamic effect related to changes in atmospheric circulation and the thermodynamic effect related to changes of the atmospheric thermal state,with a ratio of thermodynamic versus total effects estimated at 45.3%.The dynamic effect is linked to the advection of warm and humid air by the abnormal southwesterly wind,which is related with an anomalous anticyclone over the Philippine *** thermodynamic effect is partly induced by the positive advection of anomalous MSe(mainly latent energy)by the mean vertical *** analysis of the dynamic and thermodynamic effects is useful to understand the underlying physical mechanisms leading to the unusual rainy season in the Yangtze River valley in summer *** is also helpful to put forward a few speculations on the potential role of global warming whose primary effect is,after all,to change the thermal state of the atmosphere.

关键词： exceptional rainfall Yangtze River valley global warming dynamic and thermodynamic effects

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Post-compression of high-energy,sub-picosecond laser pulses

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High Power laser Science and engineering 2023年第2期11卷 117-126页

作者： P.-G.Bleotu J.Wheeler S.Yu.Mironov V.Ginzburg M.Masruri A.Naziru R.Secareanu D.Ursescu F.Perez J.de Sousa D.Badarau e.Veuillot P.Audebert e.Khazanov G.Mourou LULI-CNRS CEAUniversite SorbonneEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau CEDEXFrance Doctoral School of Physics University of BucharestBucharest-MagureleRomania Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear engineering(IFIN-HH) MagureleRomania IZeST Ecole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau CEDEXFrance Independent Researcher Bourg-La-ReineFrance Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences(IAP RAS) Nizhny NovgorodRussia

The post-compression technique based on self-phase modulation of high-energy pulses leads to an increase in achievable peak power and ***,the pulses considered in experiments have been less than 100 fs in ***,the method is applied to the eLFIe laser system at the LULI facility,for a pulse of 7 J energy and an initial measured duration of 350 fs.A 5-mm-thick fused silica window and a 2 mm cyclic-olefin polymer were used as optical nonlinear *** 9 cm diameter beam was spectrally broadened to a bandwidth corresponding to 124 fs Fourier-limited pulse duration,and then it was partly post-compressed to 200 *** measuring the spatial spectra of the beam fluence,a uniform gain factor of 4 increase in the fluctuations over the studied range of frequencies is observed,due to small-scale self-focusing.

关键词： high-power laser nonlinear pulse interaction post-compression self-phase modulation

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Concurrent PIeZO1 activation and ATP2B4 blockade effectively reduce the risk of cerebral malaria and inhibit in vitro Plasmodium falciparum multiplication in red blood cells

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第6期10卷 2210-2214页

作者： Mathieu Adjemout Bruno Pouvelle Fatou Thiam Alassane Thiam Magali Torres Samia Nisar Babacar Mbengue Alioune Dieye Pascal Rihet Sandrine Marquet Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale(INSeRM) UnitéMixte de Recherche(UMR)U1090Aix Marseille UniversitéTAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic ComplexityInstitut MarMaRaMarseilleFrance Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologie Appliquée et Bioprocédés environnementaux(GRBA-Be) Ecole Supérieure PolytechniqueUniversitéCheikh Anta Diop de DakarDakar BP5005Senegal Pole D’Immunophysiopathologie&Maladies Infectieuses(IMI) Institut Pasteur de DakarDakar BP 220Senegal Service D’Immunologie UniversitéCheikh Anta Diop de DakarDakar BP5005Senegal Aix Marseille University CNRSMarseille 13009France

Malaria caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite is responsible for more than 240 million cases per year and killed 627,000 people in 2020,mostly African *** malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitos belonging to the genus *** an asymptomatic liver stage,the parasite is released into the bloodstream to invade red blood cells(RBCs)and replicate *** erythrocytic phase is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations,including mild and severe *** malaria(CM)is one of the most severe forms,characterized by the sequestration of parasitized RBCs in the small capillaries of the brain and the local development of cytokine-mediated *** variants in genes encoding proteins involved in red blood cell physiology are protective factors against severe malaria,as clearly demonstrated for the sickle cell variant of hemoglobin(HbS).

关键词： malaria falciparum Plasmodium

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