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Variation in female aggression in 2 three-spined stickleback populations with female throat and spine coloration

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 345-350页

作者： Lengxob YONG Brittney LEE Jeffrey S. MCKINNON Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 USA

Despite growing interest in female ornament evolution, we still have a rudimentary understanding of female display traits relative to similar traits in males. Under one popular adaptive scenario, female ornaments are hypothesized to function in female-female competition and serve as badges of status, such that their expression is linked with elevated aggression in some cases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between 2 female ornaments-male-like red throat color and red spine coloration-and female aggression in 2 independently derived stream-resident populations of three-spined stickleback . Using simulated intrusions, we tested whether females with redder ornaments were generally more aggressive, and for variation in aggressive and social behaviors between the 2 populations. We found that the red intensity of the throat and spine did not predict aggression levels in either population, suggesting a limited role for both female ornaments during female-female interaction. The 2 populations exhibited different levels of aggressive behaviors, unrelated to the color patches. Our results suggest that variation in selective pressures between populations may promote interpopulation variance in aggressive behavior but not the correlation between female ornamentation and aggression, and raise the possibility that red coloration may have evolved through different mechanisms or processes in the 2 populations.

关键词：着色法人口喉咙鱼装饰品相互作用选择压力女性

The Product of the Restrained Domination Numbers of a Graph and Its Complement

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2014年第3期30卷 445-452页

作者： Johannes H.HATTINGH Ernst J.JOUBERT Department of Mathematics East Carolina University Department of Mathematics University of Johannesburg

Let G=（V,E） be a graph.A set S■V is a restrained dominating set if every vertex in V-S is adjacent to a vertex in S and to a vertex in *** restrained domination number of G,denoted γr（G）,is the smallest cardinality of a restrained dominating set of *** this paper,we show that if G is a graph of order n≥4,then γr（G）γr（G）≤*** also characterize the graphs achieving the upper bound.

关键词： Graph domination restrained domination Nordhaus-Gaddum upper bound

The building blocks of walkability: Pedestrian activity in Abu Dhabi city center

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第2期11卷 203-223页

作者： Mohamad Kashef Effat College of Architecture and Design Effat UniversityJeddah21478Saudi Arabia east carolina Uiversity E 5th StreetGreenvilleNC27858United States

This study develops an empirical approach that underlines the effect of land use mix and development grain on pedestrian movement in the streets and public spaces of urban *** study begins with the end in mind;it compares two urban sectors in Abu Dhabi city with broadly recognized contrasting levels of pedestrian *** research works backward to identify the combination of built environment attributes that result in differing levels of pedestrian activity between the eastern and western sectors of Abu Dhabi city *** Geographic Information Systems maps/data files,direct observations,and field metrics,the study computes various indices related to land use mix,density,and street connectivity for Abu Dhabi central business *** findings of this study highlight the land use,spatial and street network configurations that enhance pedestrian activity in urban *** a local perspective,the research outcome would inform future visions aimed at transforming the city of Abu Dhabi into a global metropolis that provides its citizens and visitors with unique and vibrant urban settings conducive to intra-and inter-neighborhood walkability.

关键词： Land use mix Neighborhood design Pedestrian activity Street network Urban vitality

Role of fecal microbiota transplant in management of hepatic encephalopathy: Current trends and future directions

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 17-32页

作者： Yash R Shah Hassam Ali Angad Tiwari David Guevara-Lazo Natalia Nombera-Aznaran Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Manesh Kumar Gangwani Harishankar Gopakumar Amir H Sohail SriLakshmiDevi Kanumilli Ernesto Calderon-Martinez Geetha Krishnamoorthy Nimish Thakral Dushyant Singh Dahiya Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Internal Medicine Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical CollegeJhansi 284001India Faculty of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 15102Peru Department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoriaIL 61605United States Department of Surgery University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Internal Medicine GSL Medical CollegeRajamahendravaram 533296India Department of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad De Mexico 04510Mexico Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)offers a potential treatment avenue for hepatic encephalopathy(HE)by leveraging beneficial bacterial displacement to restore a balanced gut *** prevalence of HE varies with liver disease severity and *** pathogenesis involves ammonia toxicity,gut-brain communication disruption,and *** aims to restore gut microbiota balance,addressing these ***'s efficacy has been explored in various conditions,including *** suggest that FMT can modulate gut microbiota,reduce ammonia levels,and alleviate *** has shown promise in alcohol-associated,hepatitis B and C-associated,and non-alcoholic fatty liver *** include improved liver function,cognitive function,and the slowing of disease ***,larger,controlled studies are needed to validate its effectiveness in these *** have shown cognitive improvements through FMT,with potential benefits in cirrhotic ***,trials have demonstrated reduced serious adverse events and cognitive enhancements in FMT arms compared to the standard of *** evidence is promising,challenges remain:Limited patient numbers,varied dosages,administration routes,and donor *** large-scale,controlled trials are essential to establish standardized guidelines and ensure FMT's clinical applications and *** FMT holds potential for HE management,ongoing research is needed to address these challenges,optimize protocols,and expand its availability as a therapeutic option for diverse hepatic conditions.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Fecal microbiota transplant Cognitive impairment Liver cirrhosis Chronic liver disease

The Downsides of Evidence-Based Medicine

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2022年第3期11卷 125-128页

作者： Nicholas Pediaditakis Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville USA

There exist problems in the actual evidence-based in the practice of medicine relating to the time available and the stringent algorithms employed by the attending physicians. The mistakes are often serious. Illustrating clinical examples are given as to how things can go wrong under the pressure baring on clinicians by the factors given.

关键词： Evidence-Based Medicine Misdiagnoses Comorbidities

Incidental echocardiographic finding:Fractured inferior vena cava filter

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第4期5卷 148-152页

作者： Bhradeev Sivasambu Deepa Kabirdas Assad Movahed Vidant Medical Center East Carolina University Department of Cardio- vascular Sciences Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina University

Inferior vena cava filters have gained increasing popularity in recent decades and knowledge on rare complications becomes vital to practicing physicians. A 30-year-old African American male with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, end-stage renal disease, history of deep venous thrombosis and placement of venacaval filter who was seen in the cardiology clinic for cardiac risks stratification prior to renal transplant. Patient denied any cardiac symptoms. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and showed two linear echoes bright densities in the right atrium and right ventricle embedded which was later found to be fractured filter struts by computed tomography. We discuss the various outcomes associated with nonretrieval of retrievable inferior vena cava filters.

关键词： Inferior vena cava filter Fractured inferior vena cava filter Cardiac foreign body Metal in heart Incidental echocardiographic finding

The impacts of faculty caring on nursing students' intent to graduate:A systematic literature review

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第1期7卷 105-111页

作者： Dalton Henderson Kerry A.Sewell Holly Wei Senior Nursing Honor Program East Carolina University College of NursingGreenvilleNCUSA Research Librarian Laupus LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA east carolina university College of Nursing GreenvilleNCUSA

Objectives:To examine the current studies about the impacts of faculty caring on nursing students'intent to graduate and provide *** nursing profession continues to face nursing *** of the solutions recognized to alleviate the shortage is increasing the number of students graduating from nursing *** lacks a literature review synthesizing the current research about the impacts of faculty caring on nursing students'intent to graduate and indicate areas for future ***:This is a systematic literature *** search of the literature was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA).Databases searched included MEDUNE via PubMed,CINAHL,PsyclNFO,and ProQuest *** terms included'attrition,''dropouts,''graduation rate,''faculty,''instructor,''professor,''nursing,'and'caring.'Results:Ten articles met the inclusion *** articles were conducted in the Associate Degree of Nursing and the Bachelor of Science in Nursing *** faculties played a significant role in students'intent to graduate by building students'confidence,creating a compassionate learning environment,and promoting students'***'caring behaviors,including respecting students,showing empathy,and using caring communication skills,were essential characteristics to affect students'learning ***:The findings indicate that students'perceptions of faculty caring can affect their perceptions of the learning environment and sense of belonging,and therefore,impact their intent to ***'perceptions of their instructors'caring behaviors are instrumental in motivating them to continue *** capacity of faculty caring plays a significant role in students'success.

关键词： Caring Empathy Learning Nursing education Nursing faculty Nursing instructor Nursing schools Nursing students

Impact of frailty on approach to colonic resection: Laparoscopy vs open surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9544-9553页

作者： Catalina Mosquera Konstantinos Spaniolas Timothy L Fitzgerald Department of General Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine Division of Bariatric and Minimally Invasive Surgery East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine

AIM To understand the influence of frailty on postoperative outcomes for laparoscopic and open colectomy. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(2005-2012) for patients undergoing colon resection [open colectomy(OC) and laparoscopic colectomy(LC)]. Patients were classified as non-frail(0 points), low frailty(1 point), moderate frailty(2 points), and severe frailty(≥ 3) using the Modified Frailty Index. 30-d mortality and complications were used as the primary end point and analyzed for the overall population. Complications were grouped into major and minor. Subset analysis was performed for patients undergoing colectomy(total colectomy, partial colectomy and sigmoid colectomy) and separately for patients undergoing rectal surgery(abdominoperineal resection, low anterior resection, and proctocolectomy). We analyzed the data using SAS Platform JMP Pro version 10.0.0(SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, United States). RESULTS A total of 94811 patients were identified; the majority underwent OC(58.7%), were white(76.9%), andnon-frail(44.8%). The median age was 61.3 years. Prolonged length of stay(LOS) occurred in 4.7%, and 30-d mortality was 2.28%. Patients undergoing OC were older(61.89 ± 15.31 vs 60.55 ± 14.93) and had a higher ASA score(48.3% ASA3 vs 57.7% ASA2 in the LC group)(P < 0.0001). Most patients were non-frail(42.5% OC vs 48% LC, P < 0.0001). Complications, prolonged LOS, and mortality were significantly more common in patients undergoing OC(P < 0.0001). OC had a higher risk of death and complications compared to LC for all frailty scores(non-frail: OR = 4.7, and OR = 4.67; mildly frail: OR = 2.51, and OR = 2.47; moderately frail: OR = 2.94, and OR = 2.02, severely frail: OR = 2.37, and OR = 2.34, P < 0.05) and an increase in absolute mortality with increasing frailty(non-frail 0.68% OC, mildly frail 1.39%, moderately frail 3.44%, and severely frail 5.83%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION LC is associated with improved outcomes. A

关键词：脆弱结果死亡病态结肠切除术

Development of necrotizing enterocolitis after blood transfusion in very premature neonates

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期19卷 68-75页

作者： Travis L.Odom Jessica Eubanks Nusiebeh Redpath Erica Davenport Dmitry Tumin Uduak S.Akpan Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Health Sciences Campus7703 Floyd Curl DriveSan AntonioTX 78229-3900USA Department of Pediatrics Brody School of Medicine at EastCarolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUSA ECU Health Medical Center GreenvilleNCUSA

Background Prior studies report conflicting evidence on the association between packed red blood cell(PRBC)transfu-sions and necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),especially in early weeks of life where transfusions are frequent and spontaneous intestinal perforation can mimic *** primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between PRBC transfusions and NEC after day of life(DOL)14 in very premature *** A retrospective cohort analysis of very premature neonates was conducted to investigate association between PRBC transfusions and NEC after DOL *** endpoints were PRBC transfusions after DOL 14 until the date of NEC diagnosis,discharge,or *** ranked-sum and Fisher's exact tests,Cox proportional hazards regression,and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze *** Of 549 premature neonates,186(34%)received transfusions after DOL 14 and nine(2%)developed NEC(median DOL=38;interquartile range=32-46).Of the nine with NEC after DOL 14,all were previously transfused(P<0.001);therefore,hazard of NEC could not be *** hoc analysis of patients from DOL 10 onward included five additional patients who developed NEC between DOL 10 and DOL 14,and the hazard of NEC increased by a factor of nearly six after PRBC transfusion(hazard ratio=5.76,95%confidence interval=1.02-32.7;P=0.048).Conclusions Transfusions were strongly associated with NEC after DOL *** studies are needed to determine if restrictive transfusion practices can decrease incidence of NEC after DOL 14.

关键词： Necrotizing enterocolitis Packed red blood cells Transfusions Very low birth weight infants