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Structural Characteristics of the Basement beneath Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Results of Interaction Interpretation from Seismic Reflection/Refraction Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 358-377页

作者： LI Qiusheng GAO Rui FENG Shaoying LU Zhanwu HOU Hesheng GUAN Ye LI Pengwu WANG Haiyan YE Zhuo XIONG Xiaosong LIU Jinkai HE Rizheng Institute of Geology CAGS earthprobe and geodynamics open laboratory of cags The Geophysical Exploration center CEA East China Petroleum Geology Bureau China Petrochemical Corporation

The studies on configuration, character/property of the basement of Qiangtang basin is helpful for evaluating petroleum and nature gas resources as well as understanding the basin evolvement. Recently a moderate to high-grade metamorphic gneiss rock was found underlying beneath very low metamorphic Ordovician strata in Mayer Kangri to the north of the central uplift. That fact actually proved existence of the crystalline basement just the distribution and structures of pre-Paleozoic crystalline basement still remain puzzle. In recent years a number of active sources deep seismic profiling, to aim at lithospheric structure of northern Tibet and petroleum resources of the Qiangtang basin, had been conducted that make it possible to image the structure of the basement of the Qiangtang. Near vertical reflection profiles, included those acquired previously and those during 2004 to 2008, have been utilized in this study. By through the interaction process and interpretation between the reflection profiles and the wide-angle profile, a model with the detailed structure and velocity distribution from surface to the depth of 20 km of Qiangtang basin has been *** on the results and discussions of this study, the preliminary conclusions are as follows：（1） The velocity structure section （~20 kin） that is interactively constrained by the refraction and reflection seismic data reveals that the sedimentary stratum gently lie until 10 km in the south Qiangtang basin. （2） The basement consists of fold basement （the upper） and crystalline basement （the lower）.The fold basement buried at the average depth of 6 km with a velocity of 5.2-5.8 km/s. The shallowest appear at range of the central uplift. The crystalline basement is underlying beneath the fold basement at the average depth of 10 km with a velocity of 5.9-6.0 km/s except near Bangong-Nujiang suture. （3） The high-velocity body at the depth range of 3-6 km of the central uplift is considered as a fragment of the cryst

关键词： seismic reflection seismic refraction basement structure Qiangtang basin Qinghai-TibetPlateau

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Characteristic of Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Daba Shan and the Sichuan basin, China: Implication for Architecture of the Daba Shan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第4期87卷 1154-1161页

作者： ZHANG Jisheng GAO Rui LI Qiusheng GUAN Ye WANG Haiyan LI Wenhui Institute of geology Chinese academy of geological sciences earthprobe and geodynamics open laboratory Ministry of land and resources

The Dabashan nappe structural belt links the Hannan block to the west with the Huangling block to the east between Yangxian and Xiangfan. The Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt formed during late Jurassic and was superposed on earlier Triassic folds. To achieve an improved understanding of the deep tectonics of the Dabashan nappe structural belt, we processed and interpreted the gravity and magnetic data for this area using new deep reflection seismic and other geophysical data as constraints. The results show that the Sichuan basin and Daba Mountains lie between the Longmenshan and Wulingshan gravity gradient belts. The positive magnetic anomalies around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao and around Shizhu result from the crystalline basement. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan basin shows that the crystalline basement around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao extends to the northeast underneath the Wafangdian fault near Ziyang. The magnetic field boundary in the Zhenba-Wanyuan-Chengkou-Zhenping area is the major boundary of the Dabashan nappe thrusting above the Sichuan Basin. This boundary might be the demarcation between the south Dabashan and the north Dabashan structural elements. The low gravity anomaly between Tongjiang and Chengkou might be partly caused by thickened lower crust. The local low gravity anomaly to the south of Chengkou-Wanyuan might result from Mesozoic strata of low density in the Dabashan foreland depression area.

关键词： Daba Mountains nappe structural belt Sichuan basin gravity anomaly magneticanomaly crystalline basement

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Deep Background of Wenchuan Earthquake and the Upper Crust Structure beneath the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Areas

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第4期83卷 733-739页

作者： LI Qiusheng GAO Rui WANG Haiyan ZHANG Jisheng LU Zhanwu LI Pengwu GUAN Ye HE Rizheng Lithosphere Research Centre Institute of Geology CAGS Beijing 100037 China Eearthprobe and geodynamics open laboratory of cags Beijing 100037 China

By analyzing the deep seismic sounding profiles across the Longmen Shan, this paper focuses on the study of the relationship between the upper crust structure of the Longmen Shan area and the Wenchuan earthquake. The Longmen Shan thrust belt marks not only the topographical change, but also the lateral velocity variation between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. A low-velocity layer has consistently been found in the crust beneath the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and ends beneath the western Sichuan Basin. The low-velocity layer at a depth of -20 km beneath the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau has been considered as the deep condition for favoring energy accumulation that formed the great Wenchuan earthquake.

关键词： the Longmen Shan deep seismic sounding profile upper crust structure Wenchuan Earthquake

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A thinned lithosphere beneath coastal area of southeastern China as evidenced by seismic receiver functions

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第11期57卷 2835-2844页

作者： YE Zhuo LI QiuSheng GAO Rui ZHANG HongShuang HE RiZheng WANG HaiYan LI WenHui Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key laboratory of earthprobe and geodynamics Ministry of Land and Resources

During Mesozoic to Cenozoic time, the large-scale tectono-magmatism had strongly modified the lithosphere beneath the southeastern continent of China, leaving the present-day lithosphere as a new one evolving from the ancient lithosphere that was largely removed and replaced. But this model proposed from geochemical and petrological research is urgently in need of support from seismic observational evidence. In this paper, based on the dataset recorded by the dense stations of two NE oriented broadband seismic profiles deployed in the coastal area of southeastern China(SE China), both P-wave(P-RF) and S-wave(S-RF) receiver functions were isolated. We identified Pls phase converted from the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary(LAB) in P-RFs of individual stations. Migrated Pls phase indicated a depth of 60–70 km for LAB. Inversions/comparisons of P-RF(Pls phase) and S-RF(Slp phase) waveforms together with Ps and Sp imaging for the crust and upper mantle structure further confirmed this result. P-RF and S-RF migrated images exhibit that a flat LAB is positioned at the depth of 60–70 km spreading along the profile, whereas a distinct structural change of lithospheric base appears at the Min River estuary. Both Ps and PpPs migrated images of P-RFs present an abrupt Moho drop across the Min River fault from south to north, which is consistent with previous result obtained from deep seismic sounding. By taking into consideration other geological and geophysical features such as locally high anomalies of crustal Poisson's ratios and heat flow at the Min River estuary, we infer that the Min River fault penetrates down to the Moho and may, furthermore, interfere in the deeper lithospheric structure.

关键词：岩石圈减薄中国东南部东南沿海地区地震观测接收器闽江河口证明公私伙伴关系

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Relationship between Crustal 3D Density Structure and the Earthquakes in the Longmenshan Range and Adjacent Areas

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第4期83卷 740-745页

作者： ZHANG Jisheng GAO Rui ZENG Lingsen LI Qiusheng GUAN Ye HE Rizheng WANG Haiyan LU Zhanwu Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesEearthprobe and Geodynamics Open Laboratory of CAGS Beijing 100037 China

This paper presents the 3D density structure of crust in the Longmenshan range and adjacent areas, with constraints from seismic and density data. The density structure of crust shows that the immense boundary plane of density distribution in relation to the Longmeshan fault belt is extended downward to -80 km deep. This density boundary plane dips towards the northwest and crosses the Moho. With the proximity to the Longmenshan fault belt, it has a larger magnitude of undulation in the upper and middle crust levels. Density changes abruptly across Longmeshan fault belt. Seismic data show that most of the earthquakes in the Longmenshan area after the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake occurred within the upper to middle crust. These earthquakes are clearly distributed in the uplifted region of the basement. A few of them occurs in the transitional zone between the uplifted and subsided areas. But most of the earthquakes distributes in transitional zone from subsided to uplifted areas in the upper and middle crust where relatively large density changes occurr The 3D density structure of crust in the Longmenshan and adjacent areas can thus help us to understand the pattern of overthrusting from the standpoint of deep crust and where the earthquakes occurred.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake Longmenshan fault zone gravity anomaly density structure of crust

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Using large dynamite shots to image the structure of the Moho from deep seismic reflection experiment between the Sichuan basin and Qinling orogen

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Earthquake Science 2016年第6期29卷 321-326页

作者： Hongqiang Li Rui Gao Haiyan Wang Wenhui Li Xiaosong Xiong Key laboratory of earthprobe and geodynamics MLRInstitute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The Qinling orogen was formed as a result of the collision between the North and South China blocks. The Qinling orogen represents the location at which the southern and northern parts of the Chinese mainland col- lided, and it＇s also the intersection of the Central China orogen and the north-south tectonic belt. There is evidence of strong deformation in this orogen, and it has had a long and complex geological history. We investigated the structure of the Moho in the southern Qinling orogen using large dynamite shot imaging techniques. By integrating the analysis of the single-shot and the move-out corrections profile, we determined the structure of the Moho beneath the northern Dabashan thrust belt and the southern Qinling orogen, including the mantle suture beneath Fenghuang mountain. The Moho is divided into two parts by the mantle suture zone beneath Fenghuang mountain：（1） from Ziyang to Hanyin, the north-dipping Moho is at about 45-55 km depth and the depth increases rapidly; and （2） from Hanyin to Ningshan, the south-dipping Moho is at about 40-45 km depth and shallows slowly. The mantle suture is located beneath Fenghuang mountain, and the Moho overlaps at this location： the shallower Moho is connected to the northern part of China, and the deeper Moho is connected to the southern part. This may indicate that the lithosphere in the Sichuan basin subducts to the Qinling block and that the subduction frontier reaches at least as far as Fenghuang mountain.

关键词： Moho . Deep seismic reflection profiles . Largedynamite shots .Qinling Orogen China

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Test of Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling across Central Uplift of Qiangtang Terrane in Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第2期20卷 438-447页

作者：卢占武高锐李秋生贺日政匡朝阳侯贺晟熊小松管烨王海燕 Klemperer S L Lithosphere Research Centre Institute of GeologyKey Laboratory of Earthprobe and GeodynamicsChinese Acdemy of Geological Sciences Department of Geophysics Stanford University

A test of deep seismic reflection profiling across the central uplift or metamorphic belt of the Qiangtang （羌塘） terrane, Tibet plateau, provides a first image of the crustal structure. Complex reflection patterns in the upper crust are interpreted as a series of folds and thrusts, and bivergent reflections in the lower crust may represent a convergence between the Indian and the Eurasian plates.

关键词： Qiangtang terrane central uplift zone crustal structure test of deep reflection profiling,convergent process.

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Multistage Formation of Neoarchean Potassic Meta-Granites and Evidence for Crustal Growth on the North Margin of the North China Craton

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第3期34卷 658-673页

作者： Xiaowei Zhang Huafeng Zhang Ying Tong laboratory of National Land Space Planning and Disaster Emergency Management of Inner Mongolia Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000China Beijing SHRIMP Center Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Key laboratory of earthprobe and geodynamics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

The North China Craton(NCC)is one of the most complex cratons in the *** underwent a series of tectonothermal events during the *** petrogenesis of potassic granitoids,the timing,and the style of Archean crustal growth are still *** field and petrological stdudies on the potassic meta-granites from the Guyang-Chayouzhongqi region were carried *** U-Pb ages,zircon Lu-Hf isotopic analyses,and whole-rock geochemical data were *** groups(~2.7 Ga and~2.5 Ga)of potassic meta-granites were ***~2.7 Ga meta-granites are mainly A2-type,with variableεHf(t)values(-8.4 to+3.3)and Archean one stage model ages(T_(DM)=~3.0 Ga),indicating that their source was derived from ancient anatectic TTG-like granite and depleted mantle,which suggests that thin crust had formed in the Guyang-Chayouzhongqi region by~3.0 *** to the K-rich granites in the NCC,most of the~2.5 Ga potassic meta-granites are typical of A1-type granite,and are enriched in Sm and Gd and depleted in Nb,Ta,P,and *** ages and isotopic data indicate that the~2.5 Ga meta-granites were generated from juvenile crustal sources with Neoarchean *** overall zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic data furthermore suggested that the~2.7 Ga event is the most important stage of magmatic accretion in the NCC,similar to other *** contrast,reworking or metamorphic alteration was the main crustal process in the NCC at~2.5 Ga.

关键词： zircon U-Pb age Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry potassic meta-granite crustal growth North China Craton

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Moho Depth of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Revealed by Seismic Probing

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第2期20卷 448-463页

作者：熊小松高锐李秋生卢占武 Lithosphere Research Centre Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key laboratory of earthprobe and geodynamics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The Qinghai （青海）-Tibet plateau is the newest and biggest orogenic belt in the world and a natural laboratory for researching continental geodynamics, such as continent-continent collision, convergence, subduction, and plateau uplift. From the 1950s to the present, there have been many active-source （deep seismic sounding and deep seismic reflection profiling） and passive-source seismic probing （broadband seismic observations） implemented to reveal the crust-mantle structure. In this article, the authors mainly summarize the three seismic probings to discuss the Moho depth of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau based on the previous summaries. The result shows that the Moho of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is very complex and its depth is very different; the whole outline of it is that the Moho depth is deeper beneath the south than the north and deeper in the west than in the east. In the Qiangtang （羌塘） terrane, the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the Moho is shallower than both the southern and the northern sides. The deepest Moho is 40 km deeper than the shallowest Moho. This trend records the crustal thickening and thinning caused by the mutual response between the India plate and the Eurasia plate, and the eastward mass flow in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

关键词： Moho depth seismic probing,Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

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Relationship between the regional tectonic activity and crustal structure in the eastern Tibetan plateau discovered by gravity anomaly

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Earthquake Science 2016年第2期29卷 71-81页

作者： Xiao Xu Rui Gao Xiaoyu Guo Key laboratory of earthprobe and geodynamics MLR Instituteof GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Sinoprobe Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The eastern Tibetan plateau has been getting more and more attention because it combines active faults,uplifting, and large earthquakes together in a high-population region. Based on the previous researches, the most of Cenozoic tectonic activities were related to the regional structure of the local blocks within the crustal scale. Thus,a better understanding of the crustal structure of the regional tectonic blocks is an important topic for further study. In this paper, we combined the simple Bouguer gravity anomaly with the Moho depths from previous studies to investigate the crustal structure in this area. To highlight the crustal structures, the gravity anomaly caused by the Moho relief has been reduced by forward modeling calculations. A total horizontal derivative（THD） had been applied on the gravity residuals. The results indicated that the crustal gravity residual is compatible with the topography and the geological settings of the regional blocks,including the Sichuan basin, the Chuxiong basin, the Xiaojiang fault, and the Jinhe fault, as well as the Longmenshan fault zone. The THD emphasized the west margin of Yangtze block, i.e., the Longriba fault zone and the Xiaojiang fault cut through the Yangtze block. The checkboard pattern of the gravity residual in the SongpanGarze fold belt and Chuandian fragment shows that the crust is undergoing a southward and SE-directed extrusion,which is coincident with the flowing direction indicatedfrom the GPS measurements. By integrating the interpretations, the stepwise extensional mechanism of the eastern Tibetan plateau is supported by the southeastward crustal deformation, and the extrusion of Chuandian fragment is achieved by Xianshuihe fault.

关键词： Eastern Tibetan plateau Tectonic activity Crustal structures Gravity anomaly

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