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A Neural-network-based Alternative Scheme to Include Nonhydrostatic Processes in an atmospheric Dynamical Core

Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1083-1099,I0002,I0003页

作者： Yang XIA Bin WANG Lijuan LI Li LIU Jianghao LI Li DONG Shiming XU Yiyuan LI Wenwen XIA Wenyu HUANG Juanjuan LIU Yong WANG Hongbo LIU Ye PU Yujun HE Kun XIA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for earth system modeling and Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Group 311020008 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519000China Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing center Shanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of earth system modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China college of Ocean sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Here,a nonhydrostatic alternative scheme(NAS)is proposed for the grey zone where the nonhydrostatic impact on the atmosphere is evident but not large enough to justify the necessity to include an implicit nonhydrostatic solver in an atmospheric dynamical *** NAS is designed to replace this solver,which can be incorporated into any hydrostatic models so that existing well-developed hydrostatic models can effectively serve for a longer *** advances in machine learning(ML)provide a potential tool for capturing the main complicated nonlinear-nonhydrostatic *** this study,an ML approach called a neural network(NN)was adopted to select leading input features and develop the *** NNs were trained and evaluated with 12-day simulation results of dry baroclinic-wave tests by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** forward time difference of the nonhydrostatic tendency was used as the target variable,and the five selected features were the nonhydrostatic tendency at the last time step,and four hydrostatic variables at the current step including geopotential height,pressure in two different forms,and potential temperature,***,a practical NAS was developed with these features and trained layer by layer at a 20-km horizontal resolution,which can accurately reproduce the temporal variation and vertical distribution of the nonhydrostatic *** by the NN-based NAS,the improved hydrostatic solver at different horizontal resolutions can run stably for at least one month and effectively reduce most of the nonhydrostatic errors in terms of system bias,anomaly root-mean-square error,and the error of the wave spatial pattern,which proves the feasibility and superiority of this scheme.

关键词： neural network nonhydrostatic alternative scheme atmospheric model dynamical core

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Variation in the permafrost active layer over the Tibetan Plateau during 1980–2020

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第5期17卷 34-39页

作者： Jinglong Huang Chaofan Li Binghao Jia Chujie Gao Ruichao Li college of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjingChina center for Monsoon system Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina college of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The active layer,acting as an intermediary of water and heat exchange between permafrost and atmosphere,greatly influences biogeochemical cycles in permafrost areas and is notably sensitive to climate *** the Chinese Meteorological Forcing Dataset to drive the Community Land Model,version 5.0,this study simulates the spatial and temporal characteristics of active layer thickness(ALT)on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)from 1980 to *** show that the ALT,primarily observed in the central and western parts of the TP where there are insufficient station observations,exhibits significant interdecadal changes after *** average thickness on the TP decreases from 2.54 m during 1980–1999 to 2.28 m during 2000–*** change is mainly observed in the western permafrost region,displaying a sharp regional inconsistency compared to the eastern region.A persistent increasing trend of ALT is found in the eastern permafrost region,rather than an interdecadal *** aforementioned changes in ALT are closely tied to the variations in the surrounding atmospheric environment,particularly air ***,the area of the active layer on the TP displays a profound interdecadal change around 2000,arising from the permafrost thawing and *** consistently decreases before 2000 but barely changes after *** regional variation in the permafrost active layer over the TP revealed in this study indicates a complex response of the contemporary climate under global warming.

关键词： Active layer thickness Permafrost Tibetan plateau Climatological characteristics

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A Long-Time-Step-Permitting Tracer Transport Model on the Regular Latitude–Longitude Grid

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第3期41卷 493-508页

作者： Jianghao LI Li DONG Key Laboratory of earth system modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LaSW) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China college of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

If an explicit time scheme is used in a numerical model, the size of the integration time step is typically limited by the spatial resolution. This study develops a regular latitude–longitude grid-based global three-dimensional tracer transport model that is computationally stable at large time-step sizes. The tracer model employs a finite-volume flux-form semiLagrangian transport scheme in the horizontal and an adaptively implicit algorithm in the vertical. The horizontal and vertical solvers are coupled via a straightforward operator-splitting technique. Both the finite-volume scheme's onedimensional slope-limiter and the adaptively implicit vertical solver's first-order upwind scheme enforce monotonicity. The tracer model permits a large time-step size and is inherently conservative and monotonic. Idealized advection test cases demonstrate that the three-dimensional transport model performs very well in terms of accuracy, stability, and efficiency. It is possible to use this robust transport model in a global atmospheric dynamical core.

关键词： tracer transport numerical stability latitude–longitude grid

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Comparison of tropical cyclone thermal structures derived from ATMS and synthetic AMSU-A/MHS

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第4期17卷 29-34页

作者： Wenyu Li Fuzhong Weng Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences BeijingChina center for earth system modeling and Prediction of CMA BeijingChina

热带气旋(TC)的暖心反映了其强度和变化.微波探测数据被广泛用于探测TC暖心,但观测到的TC暖心强度可能因仪器而异.本研究利用先进技术微波探测仪(ATMS)的过采样数据重采样至与先进微波探测仪(AMSU-A)一致的亮温,称为类AMSU数据.通过对... 详细信息

热带气旋(TC)的暖心反映了其强度和变化.微波探测数据被广泛用于探测TC暖心,但观测到的TC暖心强度可能因仪器而异.本研究利用先进技术微波探测仪(ATMS)的过采样数据重采样至与先进微波探测仪(AMSU-A)一致的亮温,称为类AMSU数据.通过对比发现,ATMS的观测更加细致,较好地刻画了TC眼区和云带.使用ATMS和类-AMSU数据反演多个TC的暖心发现,在250 hPa,使用ATMS数据反演的暖心强度比类-AMSU高约1-2K,并且其暖心结构更详细.

关键词：热带气旋暖心 ATMS AMSU-A 微波探测数据

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An Initial Perturbation Method for the Multiscale Singular Vector in Global Ensemble Prediction

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第3期41卷 545-563页

作者： Xin LIU Jing CHEN Yongzhu LIU Zhenhua HUO Zhizhen XU Fajing CHEN Jing WANG Yanan MA Yumeng HAN School of atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081China CMA earth system modeling and Prediction Centre(CEMC) Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of earth system modeling and Prediction of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China Tianjin Meteorological Observatory Tianjin 300074China China Meteorological Administration Xiong’an atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory Hebei 071799China

Ensemble prediction is widely used to represent the uncertainty of single deterministic Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP) caused by errors in initial conditions(ICs). The traditional Singular Vector(SV) initial perturbation method tends only to capture synoptic scale initial uncertainty rather than mesoscale uncertainty in global ensemble prediction. To address this issue, a multiscale SV initial perturbation method based on the China Meteorological Administration Global Ensemble Prediction system(CMA-GEPS) is proposed to quantify multiscale initial uncertainty. The multiscale SV initial perturbation approach entails calculating multiscale SVs at different resolutions with multiple linearized physical processes to capture fast-growing perturbations from mesoscale to synoptic scale in target areas and combining these SVs by using a Gaussian sampling method with amplitude coefficients to generate initial perturbations. Following that, the energy norm,energy spectrum, and structure of multiscale SVs and their impact on GEPS are analyzed based on a batch experiment in different seasons. The results show that the multiscale SV initial perturbations can possess more energy and capture more mesoscale uncertainties than the traditional single-SV method. Meanwhile, multiscale SV initial perturbations can reflect the strongest dynamical instability in target areas. Their performances in global ensemble prediction when compared to single-scale SVs are shown to(i) improve the relationship between the ensemble spread and the root-mean-square error and(ii) provide a better probability forecast skill for atmospheric circulation during the late forecast period and for short-to medium-range precipitation. This study provides scientific evidence and application foundations for the design and development of a multiscale SV initial perturbation method for the GEPS.

关键词： multiscale uncertainty singular vector initial perturbation global ensemble prediction system

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Development of an automatic measurement system using atmospheric pressure photoionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and application for on-line analysis of particulate matter

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 516-530页

作者： Yayuan Dong Ranran Liu Ling Xie Xiaole Pan Yele Sun Lin Wu ZifaWang State Key Laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China college of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China center for Excellence in Regional atmospheric Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Urban EnvironmentXiamen 361021China

On-line chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter(PM)with soft ionization technique and ultrahigh-resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHRMS)provides molecular information of organic constituents in real *** we describe the development and application of an automatic measurement system that incorporates PM_(2.5)sampling,thermal desorption,atmospheric pressure photoionization,and UHRMS *** formulas of detected organic compounds were deducted from the accurate(±10 ppm)molecular weights obtained at a mass resolution of 100,000,allowing the identification of small organic compounds in PM_(2.5).Detection efficiencies of 28 standard compounds were determined and we found a high sensitivity and selectivity towards organic amines with limits of detection below 10 *** a proof of principle,PM_(2.5)samples collected off-line in winter in the urban area of Beijing were analyzed using the Ionization Module and HRMS of the *** automatic system was then applied to conduct on-line measurements during the summer time at a time resolution of 2 *** detected organic compounds comprised mainly CHON and CHN compounds below 350 m/*** seasonal variations in elemental composition were observed with shorter carbon backbones and higher O/C ratios in summer than that in *** result is consistent with stronger photochemical reactions and thus a higher oxidation state of organics in *** variation in signal intensity of each formula provides crucial information to reveal its source and formation *** summary,the automatic measurement system serves as an important tool for the on-line characterization and identification of organic species in PM_(2.5).

关键词： PM_(2.5) Chemical composition On-line measurement technique High resolution mass spectrometry

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The Unprecedented Extreme Anticyclonic Anomaly over Northeast Asia in July 2021 and Its Climatic Impacts

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第4期41卷 608-618页

作者： Xingyan ZHOU Riyu LU Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China college of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study investigates the evolution of an extreme anomalous anticyclone(AA)event over Northeast Asia,which was one of the dominant circulation systems responsible for the catastrophic extreme precipitation event in July 2021 in Henan,and further explores the significant impact of this AA on surface temperatures beneath *** results indicate that this AA event over Northeast Asia was unprecedented in terms of intensity and *** AA was very persistent and extremely strong for 10 consecutive days from 13 to 22 July *** long-lived and unprecedented AA led to the persistence of warmer surface temperatures beyond the temporal span of the pronounced 500-hPa anticyclonic signature as the surface air temperatures over land in Northeast Asia remained extremely warm through 29 July ***,the sea surface temperatures in the Sea of Japan/East Sea were extremely high for 30 consecutive days from 13 July to 11 August 2021,persisting well after the weakening or departure of this *** results emphasize the extreme nature of this AA over Northeast Asia in July 2021 and its role in multiple extreme climate events,even over remote ***,possible reasons for this long-lasting AA are explored,and it is suggested to be a byproduct of a teleconnection pattern over extratropical Eurasia during the first half of its life cycle,and of the Pacific-Japan teleconnection pattern during the latter half.

关键词： anomalous anticyclone Northeast Asia surface air temperatures sea surface temperatures

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Correcting Climate Model Sea Surface Temperature Simulations with Generative Adversarial Networks:Climatology,Interannual Variability,and Extremes

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1299-1312页

作者： Ya WANG Gang HUANG Baoxiang PAN Pengfei LIN Niklas BOERS Weichen TAO Yutong CHEN BO LIU Haijie LI State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China college of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China earth system Modelling School of Engineering and DesignTechnical University of MunichOttobrunn 85521Germany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam 14412Germany Department of Mathematics and Global systems Institute University of ExeterExeter EX44QEUK CMA earth system modeling and Prediction Centre(CEMC) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Climate models are vital for understanding and projecting global climate change and its associated ***,these models suffer from biases that limit their accuracy in historical simulations and the trustworthiness of future *** these challenges requires addressing internal variability,hindering the direct alignment between model simulations and observations,and thwarting conventional supervised learning ***,we employ an unsupervised Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network(CycleGAN),to correct daily Sea Surface Temperature(SST)simulations from the Community earth system Model 2(CESM2).Our results reveal that the CycleGAN not only corrects climatological biases but also improves the simulation of major dynamic modes including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Ocean Dipole mode,as well as SST ***,it substantially corrects climatological SST biases,decreasing the globally averaged Root-Mean-Square Error(RMSE)by 58%.Intriguingly,the CycleGAN effectively addresses the well-known excessive westward bias in ENSO SST anomalies,a common issue in climate models that traditional methods,like quantile mapping,struggle to ***,it substantially improves the simulation of SST extremes,raising the pattern correlation coefficient(PCC)from 0.56 to 0.88 and lowering the RMSE from 0.5 to *** enhancement is attributed to better representations of interannual,intraseasonal,and synoptic scales *** study offers a novel approach to correct global SST simulations and underscores its effectiveness across different time scales and primary dynamical modes.

关键词： generative adversarial networks model bias deep learning El Niño-Southern Oscillation marine heatwaves

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Classification analysis of prediction skill among ensemble members in MJO subseasonal predictions——based on the results of the CAMS-CSM subseasonal prediction system

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atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第4期17卷 8-14页

作者： Yihao Peng Xiaolei Liu Jingzhi Su Xinli Liu State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijingChina center for earth system modeling and Prediction of CMA(CEMC) BeijingChina Key Laboratory of earth system modeling and Prediction China Meteorological Administration BeijingChina

由于模式误差和初始误差所致,次季节-季节预报技巧整体偏低.国际上多数模式都采用集合预报的方式来提高次季节预报的准确率.热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)作为次季节尺度可预报性的重要来源,其预测水平取决于模式性能和MJO事件本身的物理特性... 详细信息

由于模式误差和初始误差所致,次季节-季节预报技巧整体偏低.国际上多数模式都采用集合预报的方式来提高次季节预报的准确率.热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)作为次季节尺度可预报性的重要来源,其预测水平取决于模式性能和MJO事件本身的物理特性.根据中国气象科学研究院气候系统模式次季节预测系统的回报结果,结合不同类型MJO事件的特征,对模式集合成员间的预报技巧进行了分类和比较.在集合成员预报技巧普遍较高的一类MJO事件中,对流异常信号持续时间较长,强度较大,强对流异常中心主要位于印度洋区域,并逐渐东传至西太平洋.在集合成员预报技巧多数较差的MJO事件中,对流异常信号的强度最弱,维持时间最短.在集合成员预报技巧优劣参半的类别中,MJO往往持续时间较短,强度较低,在后续传播过程中,对流异常中心多停驻在海洋性大陆区域.

关键词：次季节-季节预测预报技巧热带大气季节内振荡

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Shallow Convection Dataset Simulated by Three Different Large Eddy Models

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第4期41卷 754-766页

作者： Yaxin ZHAO Xiaocong WANG Yimin LIU Guoxiong WU Yanjie LIU college of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)Beijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China

Shallow convection plays an important role in transporting heat and moisture from the near-surface to higher altitudes,yet its parameterization in numerical models remains a great challenge,partly due to the lack of high-resolution *** study describes a large eddy simulation(LES)dataset for four shallow convection cases that differ primarily in inversion strength,which can be used as a surrogate for real *** reduce the uncertainty in LES modeling,three different large eddy models were used,including SAM(system for atmospheric modeling),WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model),and *** show that the different models generally exhibit similar behavior for each shallow convection case,despite some differences in the details of the convective *** addition to grid-averaged fields,conditionally sampled variables,such as in-cloud moisture and vertical velocity,are also provided,which are indispensable for calculation of the entrainment/detrainment *** the essentiality of the entraining/detraining process in the parameterization of cumulus convection,the dataset presented in this study is potentially useful for validation and improvement of the parameterization of shallow convection.

关键词： large eddy simulation SAM WRF UCLA-LES shallow convection entraining process

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