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Global mitigation efforts cannot neglect emerging emitters

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 82-89页

作者： Can Cui Dabo Guan Daoping Wang Jing Meng Vicky Chemutai Paul Brenton Shaohui Zhang Yuli Shan Qiang Zhang Steven J.Davis Department of earth System Science Tsinghua University The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge Centre for Nature and Climate World Economic Forum School of Urban and Regional Science Shanghai University of Finance and Economics The World Bank School of economics and Management Beihang University International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Department of earth System Science University of California Irvine Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California Irvine

International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2emissions from countries with either the largest economies(*** EU and the USA)and/or the largest populations(*** and India).However,in recent years,emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of countries,raising concerns that a next generation of high-emitting economies will obviate current mitigation ***,we analyse the trends and drivers of emissions in each of the 59 countries where emissions in 2010-2018 grew faster than the global average(excluding China and India),project their emissions under a range of longer-term energy scenarios and estimate the costs of decarbonization *** emissions from these ’emerging emitters’ reach as much as 7.5 GtCO2/year in the baseline 2.5° scenari—substantially greater than the emissions from these regions in previously published scenarios that would limit warming to 1.5℃ or even 2℃.Such unanticipated emissions would in turn require non-emitting energy deployment from all sectors within these emerging emitters,and faster and deeper reductions in emissions from other countries to meet international climate ***,the annual costs of keeping emissions at the low level are in many cases 0.2%-4.1% of countries’ gross domestic production,pointing to potential trade-offs with poverty-reduction goals and/or the need for economic support and low-carbon technology transfer from historically high-emitting *** results thus highlight the critical importance of ramping up mitigation efforts in countries that to this point have been largely ignored.

关键词： emerging emiters developing countries climate change mitigation CO_2 emissions net zero

Analysis of the ore-controlling role of Guojiadian mantle branch structure,Northwest Shandong Peninsula,China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2012年第4期31卷 414-423页

作者： NIU Shuyin Sun Aiqun ZHANG Jianzhen MA Baojun WANG Baode CHEN Chao ZHANG Fuxiang LIU Cheng ZHANG Xiaofei College of Resources Shijiazhuang University of Economics Shijiazhuang 050031 China College of earth Science and Resources China University ofGeosciences Beifing 100083 China

Metallogenesis in the gold ore-concentrated zone of Northwest Shandong Peninsula is closely related to deep *** region in the eastern part of North China entered into the stage of mantle plume evolution during the Yanshanian movement,following the long-time stage of stable platform evolution during Paleozoic *** that time,the ore-concentrated zone of Northwest Shandong Peninsula just entered into the development-evolution stage of the Laiyang sub-mantle plume and the Guojiadian mantle branch structure in its *** core-mantle-source gold was present in the gas-liquid form,and it migrated through mantle plume→sub-mantle plume→mantle branch structure→favorable tectonic expansion zone to the favorable loci of the mantle branch structure,where gold was deposited as ores,thereafter constituting a series of large-to medium-sized gold deposits distributed around the Guojiadian mantle branch *** study also dealt with the Jiaojia fault as the main detachment(fault altered rock) belt on the northwestern margin of the mantle branch structure and also presented a basic cognition about the fact that the Sanshandao fault as the listric fault on the hanging wall of the detachment ***,on this basis,this study also pointed out the orientation for further ore prospecting in this region.

关键词：分支结构山东半岛地幔柱中国北方西北部控矿作用演化阶段焦家断裂带

Zhang-Xuan thermal uplift and its genesis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 725-732页

作者： SHAO Ji'an1*, NIU Shuyin2, ZHANG Lüqiao3 and LI Hongyang2(1. School of earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Shijiazhuang University of economics, Shijiazhuang 050031, China 3. Geological Bureau of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot 010020, China) School of earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Shijiazhuang University of economics Shijiazhuang 050031 China Geological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Huhhot 010020 China

Based on the researches of the Mesozoic thermal evolution history, the deformed structures, and fission track analysis of the Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua area, we obtained the following knowledge: the area experienced in 140 Ma an underplating which is marked by emplacement of mantle derived magma; during 130—110 Ma a series of eruptions and intrusions happened, and during 80—10 Ma a rising process occurred which is synchronous with the adjacent Taihang and Yanshan Mountains and was accompanied by a series of structures down slipping from the just formed Zhang-Xuan uplift toward its periphery. Combining the Zhang-Xuan thermal lift with the large detachment structure in Baoding depression of the North China Basin in the Late Mesozoic confirms that an even larger extensional tectonic background existed in North China during this period.

关键词： Zhang-Xuan area underplating thermal uplift fission track extensional structure.

Postrift Rapid Subsidence Characters in Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea

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Journal of earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 273-279页

作者：尹新义任建业雷超王珊张俊霞 Faculty of earth Resources China University of Geosciences Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources China University of GeosciencesMinistry of Education School of economics and Management China University of Geosciences

In this article,the backstripping technique was used in studying the subsidence charac-ters of the Qiongdongnan（琼东南） basin（QDNB） in order to understand its dynamic mechanism of formation and ***,the geothermal characteristics of this area were summarized,and the stretching factors（β） of the upper crust,the whole crust,and the whole lithosphere were *** QDNB is characterized by high subsidence rate,high geothermal gradient,high geothermal heat flow,and the lithosphere stretching and thinning of this area are depth *** asthenosphere zone must have been confined under the lithosphere of Southeast Asian continent because of the mutual subductions of the Eurasian plate,the Pacific plate,the Indian-Australian plate,and the Philippine Sea *** characters indicate that strong mantle convection occurred and the lower crust materials flowed away in the domain,which lead to the rapid flexural isostasy subsidence of the upper crust and the uplift of the asthenosphere.

关键词： Qiongdongnan basin tectonic subsidence geothermal structure stretching factor,lower-crustal flow.

Omnibus Weights of Evidence Method Implemented in GeoDAS GIS for Information Extraction and Integration

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2008年第4期19卷 404-409页

作者：张生元成秋明陈志军 Institute of Natural Resource and Environment Engineering Shijiazhuang University of Economics State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Department of earth and Space Science and Engineering York University

Weights of evidence （WofE） is an artificial intelligent method for integration of information from diverse sources for predictive purpose in supporting decision making. This method has been commonly used to predict point events by integrating point training layer and binary or ternary evidential layers （multiclass evidence less commonly used）. Omnibus weights of evidence integrates fuzzy training layer and diverse evidential layers. This method provides new features in comparison with the ordinary Wore method. This new method has been implemented in a geographic information system-geophysical data analysis system and the method includes the following contents：（1） dual fuzzy weights of evidence （DFWofE）, in which training layer and evidential layers can be treated as fuzzy sets. DFWofE can be used to predict not only point events but also area or line events. In this model a fuzzy training layer can be defined based on point, line, and areas using fuzzy membership function; and （2） degree-of-exploration model for WorE is implemented through building a degree of exploration map. This method can be used to assess possible spatial correlations between the degree of exploration and potential evidential layers. Importantly, it would also make it possible to estimate undiscovered resources, if the degree of exploration map is combined with other models that predict where such resources are most likely to occur. These methods and relevant systems were vafidated using a case study of mineral potential prediction in Gejiu （个旧） mineral district, Yunnan （云南）, China.

关键词： weights of evidence fuzzy set degree of exploration GIS GeoDAS

Trace element partitioning between amphibole and hydrous silicate glasses at 0.6–2.6 GPa

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第3期38卷 414-429页

作者： Bo Zhang Xianxu Hu Peng Li Qizhe Tang Wenge Zhou Key Laboratory for High Temperature and High Pressure Study of the earth's Interior Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Guizhou University of Finance and economics Guizhou Institute of Technology

Partitioning behavior between amphibole and silicate glass of thirty-three minor and trace elements(Sc,Ti, V, Cr, Co, Rb, Sr, P, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, K, La, Ce, Pr,Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Pb,Th, and U) have been determined experimentally. Products of crystallization of hydrous basalt melts from 0.6 GPa/860 °C up to 2.6 GPa/970 °C were obtained in a multianvil apparatus. Major and trace element compositions of amphibole and glass were determined with a combination of electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The main mineral phase is calcic amphibole, and the coexisting glass compositions are tonalite, granodiorite, and granite. The compatibility of rare earth elements increase at 915 °C and then decrease at 970 °C, but the compatibility of most of these elements shows a continued, significant increase with increasing pressure. For high-field strength elements, large ion lithophile elements, actinide compatibility decrease with increasing temperature or pressure, but transition metals show a continued increase in compatibility within the temperature–pressure conditions. From mathematical and graphical fitting, we determined best-fit values for the ideal ionic radius(r_0, 1.01–1.04 ?), the strain-free partitioncoefficient(D_0, 1.18–1.58), and apparent Young's modulus(E, 142–370 GPa) for the M4 site in amphibole according to the lattice strain model. The D_0^(M4) for rare earth elements rises at 915 °C and then drops at 970 °C at 0.6 ***, the D_0^(M4) values are positively proportional to the pressure for rare earth elements in the amphibole-glass pairs at 0.6–2.6 GPa and 970 °C. Furthermore, the derived best-fit values for r_0^(M4) and E^(M4) are almost constant and trend to increase with rising temperature and pressure,respectively. The partition coefficient is distinctly different for different melt compositions. The rare earth elements become more enriched in amphibole if the quenched glas

关键词： Amphibole Silicate glass Trace elements Partition coefficients Lattice strain model

Spatial-temporal characteristics and decoupling effects of China’s carbon footprint based on multi-source data

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第3期31卷 327-349页

作者： ZHANG Yongnian PAN Jinghu ZHANG Yongjiao XU Jing School of economics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China College of earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

In 2007,China surpassed the USA to become the largest carbon emitter in the *** has promised a 60%–65%reduction in carbon emissions per unit GDP by 2030,compared to the baseline of ***,it is important to obtain accurate dynamic information on the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions and carbon footprints to support formulating effective national carbon emission reduction *** study attempts to build a carbon emission panel data model that simulates carbon emissions in China from 2000–2013 using nighttime lighting data and carbon emission statistics *** applying the Exploratory Spatial-Temporal Data Analysis(ESTDA)framework,this study conducted an analysis on the spatial patterns and dynamic spatial-temporal interactions of carbon footprints from 2001–*** improved Tapio decoupling model was adopted to investigate the levels of coupling or decoupling between the carbon emission load and economic growth in 336 prefecture-level *** results show that,firstly,high accuracy was achieved by the model in simulating carbon ***,the total carbon footprints and carbon deficits across China increased with average annual growth rates of 4.82%and 5.72%,*** overall carbon footprints and carbon deficits were larger in the North than that in the *** were extremely significant spatial autocorrelation features in the carbon footprints of prefecture-level ***,the relative lengths of the Local Indicators of Spatial Association(LISA)time paths were longer in the North than that in the South,and they increased from the coastal to the central and western ***,the overall decoupling index was mainly a weak decoupling type,but the number of cities with this weak decoupling continued to *** unsustainable development trend of China’s economic growth and carbon emission load will continue for some time.

关键词： nighttime lighting data carbon footprint carbon deficit exploratory spatial-temporal data analysis spatial-temporal interaction characteristics decoupling effect

The influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on the green development of the mining industry: empirical analysis based on the system GMM and dynamic panel data model

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2019年第2期17卷 154-175页

作者： Wei Gao Jinghua Cheng Jun Zhang Faculty of earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of economics and Management China University of GeosciencesWuhanChina

The intensity of environmental regulation (ERI) affects the short-term effect of the level of green mining (GML),and which structure determines the long-term *** on the panel data from 2001 to 2015,with the dynamic panel model and system GMM estimation method were employed to test the influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation on green mining and its transmission *** results show that,there is a 'U' type nonlinear relationship between the ERI and *** direct effect of command-control-based (CAC) and the market incentive-based (MBI) environmental regulation on green development of mining shows the characteristics of inhibition and *** is a 'U' type of indirectly moderating effect between technological innovation and the energy consumption structure on the *** technological innovation promotes the green development of the mining industry only after pass the inflection point of MBI,while the CAC plays a significant guiding role in upgrading of the energy consumption *** is an inhibition and promotion effect of MBI on the GML in the southeast coastal area,and the CAC is not ***,both of the ERI shows no positive effects in the central and western inland region.

关键词： Intensity of Environmental Regulation (ERI) green mining heterogeneous effects dynamic panel data model

Identifying the Geography and Determinants of O2O Online Retailers in Megacity in Central China:A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

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Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第5期31卷 931-950页

作者： QI Jinghui NIU Shuwen YE Chenxi WANG Luojia WEl Yongna WEN Yuzhao ZHAO Shuling College of Civil Engineering and ArchitecturelCollaborative Imnovation Center for Aviation Economy Development Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsZhengzhou 450046China College of earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Business Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsZhengzhou 450046China School of economics Lanzhou University of Finance and EconomicsLanzhou 730101China College of Environment and Planning Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China College of Resource and Environment Henan University of Economics and LawZhengzhou 450046China

In recent years,O2O e-commerce,represented by online group-buying,has developed vigorously,which had significant impacts on urban commercial *** City is a rising national central city in China,and its e-commerce development level is ahead,but relevant researches are ***,the data of online retailers of *** was collected and combined with Baidu map and Baidu heat map ***,we adopted the methods such as spatial statistics and geodetector to explore the geography and determinants of O2O online retailers in Zhengzhou urban *** main conclusions are 1)The spatial development of O2O online retailers is characterized by significant global high-value agglomeration.2)The agglomeration areas of different types of O2O online retailers are *** of them are concentrated in the old urban area within the Third Ring Road of Zhengzhou City,forming five comprehensive agglomeration areas.3)The areas with the high e-commerce development level are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the x-shaped region formed by the intersection of Lianyungang-Lanzhou and Beijing-Guangzhou *** Square and Guomao 360 Plaza are at the highest development level,followed by Zhongyuan Wanda Plaza and Daxue Middle *** development level at other areas is relatively low.4)Zhengzhou’s O2O commercial pattern is highly dependent on physical *** population distribution,especially the population distribution during the nightlife period,plays a vital role in its spatial development,followed by *** influences of physical distance are slightly larger than that of time cost,but the difference between them is *** addition,travelling costs have the least *** paper could provide certain references for urban commercial planning.

关键词： O2O online retailers geodetector kernel density spatial development Zhengzhou City China