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Off-farm employment,agriculture production activities,and household dietary diversity in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of Asia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 359-373页

作者： Yunli Bai Xuanye Zeng Chao Fu Linxiu Zhang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China united Nations Environment programme-International Ecosystem management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

Access to off-farm employment has been expected to be a critical approach to ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition,two important targets of achieving Zero *** study aims to investigate the role of off-farm employment in improving dietary diversity through substitution effect and complementary effect with agricultural production activities and income *** study adopts Poisson/Tobit/Probit/OLS regressions and the instrument variable method based on the primary survey data collected among 1,282 households at 12 sites in environmentally and economically vulnerable areas of China,Nepal,Cambodia,Thailand,and Myanmar in *** results show that off-farm employment is positively associated with household dietary diversity and the consumption of flesh meat,fish and other aquatic animals,fruits,and milk and dairy products,which are rich in protein and *** results of mechanism analysis show that off-farm employment contributes to household dietary diversity by improving crop diversity,especially for poor households,boosting the probability of livestock raising for households with the middle one-third disposal income,and increasing household *** positive association between off-farm employment and household dietary diversity is much higher for households with the bottom one-third disposal income,low illiteracy,and from upper-middle income *** findings imply that off-farm employment does play a vital role in achieving multiple benefits of poverty alleviation,malnutrition reduction,and agrobiodiversity conservation in environmentally and economically vulnerable ***,it may enlarge the gaps in dietary diversity between households with low human capital and from low and lower-middle income countries and those with high human capital and from middle-high countries.

关键词： off-farm employment dietary diversity income effect substitution effect complementary effect

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Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria Chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed *** each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration *** results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of *** differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock *** most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration ***,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its *** findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable *** forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

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Peat properties of a tropical forest reserve adjacent to a fire-break canal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 155-167页

作者： Dayang Nur Sakinah Musa Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir Xinyan Huang Luqman Chuah Abdullah Mohamad Syazaruddin Md Said Muhammad Firdaus Sulaiman Safety Engineering Interest Group(SEIG) Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia International Tropical Forestry programme Faculty of Tropical ForestryUniversiti Malaysia SabahSabahMalaysia Department of Land management Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Centre for Fire Safety Engineering Department of Building Environment and Energy EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Tropical peat comprises decomposed dead plant material and acts like a sponge to absorb water,making it fully ***,drought periods dry it readily and increases its vulnerability to *** fires emit greenhouse gases and particles contributing to haze,and prevention by constructing fire-break canals to reduce fire spread into forest reserves is *** paper aims to determine peat physical and chemical properties near a fire-break canal at different fire frequency *** sampling was conducted at two forest reserves in Malaysia which represent low fire frequency and high fire frequency *** results show that peat properties were not affected by the construction of a fire-break canal,however lignin and cellulose content increased significantly from the distance of the canal in both *** study concluded that fire frequency did not significantly influence peat properties except for *** higher fibre content in the high frequency area did not influence moisture content nor the ability to regain ***,fire frequency might contribute differently to changes in physical and chemical properties,hence management efforts to construct fire-break canals and restoration efforts should protect peatlands from further *** findings will benefit future management and planning for forest reserves.

关键词： Peat fire Peat properties Fire-break canals Forest reserves

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Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE Kassa TEKA Daniel H BERHE Department of Land Resources management and Environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of Natural Resources management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

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Emotional differences based on comments on doctor-patient disputes with varying levels of severity

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第7期14卷 1068-1079页

作者： Jing-Ru Lu Yu-Han Wei Xin Wang Yu-Qing Zhang Jia-Yi Shao Jiang-Jie Sun School of Health Care management Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032Anhui ProvinceChina School of management Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230039Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The risks associated with negative doctor-patient relationships have seriously hindered the healthy development of medical and healthcare and aroused wide-spread concern in *** number of public comments on doctor-patient relationship risk events reflects the degree to which the public pays attention to such *** incidents of doctor-patient disputes were collected from Weibo and TikTok,and 3655 related comments were *** number of comment sentiment words was extracted,and the comment sentiment value was *** Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare differences between each variable group at different levels of ***’s correlation analysis was used to examine associations between *** analysis was used to explore factors influencing scores of comments on *** The study results showed that public comments on media reports of doctor-patient disputes at all levels are mainly dominated by“good”and“disgust”emotional *** was a significant difference in the comment scores and the number of partial emotion words between comments on varying levels of severity of doctor-patient *** comment score was positively correlated with the number of emotion words related to positive,good,and happy)and negatively correlated with the number of emotion words related to negative,anger,disgust,fear,and *** The number of emotion words related to negative,anger,disgust,fear,and sadness directly influences comment scores,and the severity of the incident level indirectly influences comment scores.

关键词： Doctor-patient relationship Doctor-patient dispute Comments Emotional differences Weibo TikTok

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The importance of post-COVID condition phenotypes characterization to decipher the mechanisms underlying this post-viral syndrome

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第6期20卷 633-634页

作者： Jon Izquierdo-Pujol Sara Moron-Lopez IrsiCaixa and Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol(IGTP) Can Ruti CampusBadalonaSpain Biomedicine doctoral programme Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CIBERINFEC MadridSpain

The coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)outbreak,caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),was declared a global pandemic in March *** has affected over 700 million people worldwide and resulted in almost 7 million deaths,equating to a 1%mortality *** present,the majority of COVID-19 cases are either asymptomatic or mild,typically resolving within two ***,between 1%and 10%of COVID-19 survivors do not fully recover and experience a post-viral syndrome referred to as"long COVID","post-acute COVID-19 syndrome"(PASC),or"post-COVID condition"(PCC).This post-viral syndrome affects both adult and pediatric ***,most of the studies published to date evaluate the adult population,leaving a gap in our understanding of its impact on children and adolescents.

关键词： acute mortality respiratory

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Blood glucose-lowering activity of protocatechuic acid is mediated by inhibiting a-glucosidase

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1212-1219页

作者： Huafang Ding Shouhe Huang Chui Yiu Chook Erika Kwek Chi Yan Kaying Ma Jianhui Liu Hanyue Zhu Zhenyu Chen Food&Nutritional Sciences programme School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

α-Glucosidase inhibitors are effective in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia,which play crucial roles in the management of type 2 *** acid(PCA)is one of phenolic acids existing not only in various plant foods but also as a major microbial metabolite of dietary anthocyanins in the large *** present study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of PCA on a-glucosidase in vitro and examined its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels in *** from in vitro experiments demonstrated that PCA was a mix-type inhibitor of *** by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions,PCA reversibly bound withα-glucosidase to form a stable a-glucosidase-PCA complex in a spontaneous *** computational simulation found that PCA could insert into the active cavity of a-glucosidase and establish hydrogen bonds with catalytic amino acid *** binding aroused the steric hindrance for substrates to enter active sites and caused the structural changes of interacted catalytic amino acid *** also exhibited postprandial hypoglycemic capacity in diabetic *** study may provide the theoretical basis for the application of PCA as an active ingredient of functional foods in dietary management of diabetes.

关键词： Protocatechuic acid α-Glucosidase Postprandial hyperglycemia Inhibition mechanism

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Estimates of three classical summations on the spaces F_p^(α,q)(R^n)(0 < p ≤ 1)

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2014年第3期29卷 329-338页

作者： GAO Gui-lian ZHONG Yong School of Science Hangzhou Dianzi University Postdoctoral programme of Economics and management School of Wuhan University Postdoctoral programme of China Great Wall Asset management Corporation

We obtain the boundedness on Fp^α,q（R^n）for the Poisson summation and Gauss summation. Their maximal operators are proved to be bounded from Fp^α,q（R^n）to L∞（R^n）For the maximal operator of the Bochner-Riesz ... 详细信息

关键词： Poisson summation Gauss summation Bochner-Riesz summation Triebel-Lizorkin space.

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Neighborhood garden's age shapes phyllosphere microbiota associated with respiratory diseases in cold seasons

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 114-123页

作者： Chang Zhao Xinxin Liu Haoxin Tan Shan Yin Lantian Su Baoming Du Muhammad Khalid Aki Sinkkonen Nan Hui School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Rd.200240ShanghaiChina Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and management Observation and Research Station Ministry of Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education800 Dongchuan Rd.200240ShanghaiChina Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station National Forestry and Grassland Administration800 Dongchuan Rd.200240ShanghaiChina Department of Biology College of Science and TechnologyWenzhou-Kean UniversityWenzhouChina Department of Garden Technologies Horticulture TechnologiesNatural Resources Institute FinlandHelsinkiFinland Ecosystems and Environment Research programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiLahtiFinland

Neighborhood gardens serve as sensitive sites for human microbial encounters,with phyllosphere microbes directly impacting our respiratory ***,our understanding remains limited on how factors like season,garden age,and land use shape the risk of respiratory diseases(RDs)tied to these garden *** we examined the microbial communities within the phyllosphere of 72 neighborhood gardens across Shanghai,spanning different seasons(warm and cold),garden ages(old and young),and locales(urban and rural).We found a reduced microbial diversity during the cold season,except for Gammaproteobacteria which exhibited an inverse *** land use influenced the microbial composition,urban and rural gardens had strikingly similar microbial ***,young gardens in the cold season hosted a substantial proportion of RDs-associated species,pointing towards increased respiratory inflammation *** essence,while newer gardens during colder periods show a decline in microbial diversity,they have an increased presence of RDs-associated microbes,potentially escalating respiratory disease *** underscores the pivotal role the garden age plays in enhancing both urban microbial diversity and respiratory health.

关键词： Neighborhood gardens Phyllosphere microbial communities Seasonal variation Garden age Respiratory diseases

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Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nepal’s health management information system: a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-11页

作者： Parajuli Ayuska Kakchapati Sampurna Arjyal Abriti Joshi Deepak Kharel Chandani del Barrio Mariam Otmani Baral Sushil C HERD International Saibu Awas Cr-Marga Bhaisepati Lalitpur Nepal UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Nepal, high in settings marked by prevalent gender and social inequities. Various social stratifiers intersect, either privileging or oppressing individuals based on their characteristics and contexts, thereby increasing risks, vulnerabilities and marganilisation associated with TB. This study aimed to assess the inclusiveness of gender and other social stratifiers in key health related national policies and the Health management Information System (HMIS) of National Tuberculosis programme (NTP) by conducting an intersectional analysis of TB cases recorded via *** A desk review of key policies and the NTP’s HMIS was conducted. Retrospective intersectional analysis utilized two secondary data sources: annual NTP report (2017–2021) and records of 628 TB cases via HMIS 6.5 from two TB centres (2017/18–2018/19). Chi-square test and multi-variate analysis was used to assess the association between social stratifers and types of TB, registration category and treatment *** Gender, social inclusion and concept of intersectionality are incorporated into various health policies and strategies but lack effective implementation. NTP has initiated the collection of age, sex, ethnicity and location data since 2014/15 through the HMIS. However, only age and sex disaggregated data are routinely reported, leaving recorded social stratifiers of TB patients static without analysis and dissemination. Furthermore, findings from the intersectional analysis using TB secondary data, showed that male more than 25 years exhibited higher odds [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–19.06,P = 0.01)] of successful outcome compared to male TB patients less than 25 years. Similarly, sex was significantly associated with types of TB (P < 0.05) whereas both age (P < 0.05) and sex (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with patient registration category (old/new cases).Conclusio

关键词： Tuberculosis Intersectional gender analysis Gender and social inequities Social determinant Health management Information System National Tuberculosis programme Social inclusion Gender

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