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Effects of desiccation of seeds in nine species with morphophysiological dormancy on germination and embryo growth

Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第1期14卷 132-146页

作者： Miguel A.Copete Jose M.Herranz Raquel Herranz Elena Copete Pablo Ferrandis etsiam Department of Plant Production and Agricultural TechnologyUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaUniversity Campus s/nAlbacete 02071Spain Botanical Institute University of Castilla-La ManchaAvenida de la Mancha s/nAlbacete 02006Spain

Aims In species with morphophysiological seed dormancy(MPD),little is known about the effects of desiccation of imbibed seeds on embryo growth and *** studied seed responses to dehydration in nine species with different levels of *** For each species,a control test was conducted by keeping seeds permanently hydrated and exposed to the optimal stratification-incubation sequenee to promote embryo ***,tests were run in which seed stratification was interrupted for 1 month by desiccation at room *** Findings In Clematis vitalba and Ribes alpinum,with non deep simple MPD,desiccation affected neither embryo growth nor seed viability,but the desiccation led to a decrease of germinative ability in *** by 16%.The seeds of Narcissus pseudonarcissus ***-garmendiae,with deep simple epicotyl MPD,tolerated desiccation in different embryo growth stages,but their germinative ability decreased *** response of species with complex levels of MPD to desiccation was more variable:Delphinium fissum ***,with intermediate complex MPD,and Anthriscus sylvestris and Meum athamanticum,both with deep complex MPD,tolerated *** contrast,Ribes uva-crispa with nondeep complex MPD,Lonicera pyrenaica with intermediate complex MPD and Chaerophyllum aureum with deep complex MPD,had diminished germination ability by *** seeds of the species with simple levels of MPD tolerated desiccation,those of some species with complex levels were also highly ***,desiccation did not induce secondary dormancy in late embryo growth *** desiccation tolerance of imbibed seeds of most of the nine species may show their adaptability to climate change in the Mediterranean region.

关键词： complex morphophysiological dormancy germinative ability simple morphophysiological dormancy secondary dormancy viability

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Different maternal investment strategies for male and female calves in a polygynous mammal

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 269-277页

作者： Francisco CEACERO Martina KOMARKOVA Andres J.GARCIA Laureano GALLEGO Department of Animal Science and Food Processing Faculty of Tropical AgriSciencesCzech University of Life Sciences Kamycka 12916500 Praha 6-Suchdol Czech Republic Department of Ethology Institute of Animal Science Pratelstvi 815 10401 Praha - Uhnneves Czech Republic Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos (IREC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Ronda de Toledo s/n 13071 Ciudad RealSpain Seccion de Recursos Cinegeticos y Ganaderos Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR)02071 AlbaceteSpain Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia Agroforestal y Genetica ETSIAM Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha(UCLM)02071 AlbaceteSpain

Mater nal effects occur whe n the phe no type of the mother in flue nces that of the young to the detriment of her survival, growth or fitn ess. The in vestment of the mother can be affected by mater nal body condition and/or experience. Trivers-Willard Hypothesis (TWH) and Local Resource Competition Hypothesis (LRCH) are the main hypotheses used to explain bias in birth sex-ratios in mammals, as well as for sex-biased maternal investment. Both hypotheses suggest that a different amount of investment must be expected according to the sex of the young. However, recent studies suggest that these differences are not in quantity but in the strategies: mechanisms and objectives may differ for each sex. We studied how maternal characteristics (age, body mass, body condition, and domi nance status) influence re leva nt aspects of the birth and early growth of the calf (birth date, birth body mass, body mass at weaning, and body condition at weaning) separately for each sex;and how that investment is mediated by milk production and composition (lactose, fat, and protein). One hundred eighty-eight newborns from 75 captive red deer hinds aged from 2 to 19 years were analyzed. The main differential investment observed was related to birth date: when producing a female, hinds give birth earlier in the season only if they have a good body condition;however, when gestating a male it is the older hinds those which deliver earlier. Subsequently, milk production and composition are correlated with birth body mass in female calves, but to weaning body mass in males. Thus, only hind body mass affects the weaning body mass of female calves, compared with age and hind body mass in males. These results suggest that while TWH fits the maternal investment strategy found for male calves, it is LRCH which correlates with the maternal investment patterns observed for females.

关键词： birth date body condition local resources competition hypothesis milk production sex-ratio Trivers-Willard hypothesis

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