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Increased number of symptoms during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged time to return to full sports performance—AWAREⅧ

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 280-287,I0001页

作者： Carolette Snyders Marlise Dyer Nicola Sewry Esme Jordaan Martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa IOC Research Centre of South africa Pretoria 0083South Africa Biostatistics Unit South African Medical Research CouncilTygerberg 7505South Africa Statistics and Population Studies Department University of the Western CapeCape Town 7535South Africa

Purpose The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with prolonged time to return to full performance(RTFP)in athletes with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** Prospective cohort study with cross sectional analysis.A total of 84 athletes with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed at a coronavirus disease 2019 recovery clinic gave a history of age,sex,type/level of sport,co-morbidities,pre-infection training hours,and 26 acute SARS-CoV-2 symptoms from 3 categories(“nose and throat”,“chest and neck”,and“whole body”/systemic).Data on days to RTFP were obtained by structured *** associated with RTFP were demographics,sport participation,history of co-morbidities,pre-infection training history,and acute symptoms(type,number).Outcomes were:(a)days to RTFP(median,interquartile range(IQR))in asymptomatic(n=7)and symptomatic athletes(n=77),and(b)hazard ratios(HRs;95%confidence interval)for symptomatic athletes with *** a factor(univariate,multiple models).HR0.05).Factors associated with prolonged RTFP(univariate models)were:females(HR=0.57;p=0.014),endurance athletes(HR=0.41;p<0.0001),co-morbidity number(HR=0.75;p=0.001),and respiratory disease history(HR=0.54;p=0.026).In symptomatic athletes,prolonged RTFP(multiple models)was significantly associated with increased“chest and neck”(HR=0.85;p=0.017)and“nose and throat”(HR=0.84;p=0.013)symptoms,but the association was more profound between prolonged RFTP and increased total number of“all symptoms”(HR=0.91;p=0.001)and“whole body”/systemic(HR=0.82;p=0.007)*** A larger number of total symptoms and specifically“whole body”/systemic symptoms during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged RTFP.

关键词： Athletes COVID-19 Performance Recovery Return to play

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The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 184-196页

作者： Maxine A.Höft Wendy A.Burgers Catherine Riou Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Division of Medical Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in africa University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 *** with HIV(PWH)are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression,immune reconstitution,and viral *** COVID-19 in those with wellcontrolled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals,people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 ***-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH,though reduced vaccine efficacy,breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in *** is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after *** with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants,but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy(ART)can effectively clear persistent ***-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely *** recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection,especially in areas with a high HIV burden.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 HIV Immune dysfunction Vaccine efficacy Prolonged infection Immunogenicity

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Multi-scale detector optimized for small target

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第4期20卷 243-248页

作者： ZHU Yongchang YANG Sen TONG Jigang WANG Zenghui School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China Center of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of South AfricaFlorida 1709South Africa Department of Electrical Engineering University of South AfricaFlorida 1709South Africa

The effectiveness of deep learning networks in detecting small objects is limited,thereby posing challenges in addressing practical object detection *** this research,we propose a small object detection model that operates at multiple *** model incorporates a multi-level bidirectional pyramid structure,which integrates deep and shallow networks to simultaneously preserve intricate local details and augment global ***,a dedicated multi-scale detection head is integrated into the model,specifically designed to capture crucial information pertaining to small *** comprehensive experimentation,we have achieved promising results,wherein our proposed model exhibits a mean average precision(mAP)that surpasses that of the well-established you only look once version 7(YOLOv7)model by 1.1%.These findings validate the improved performance of our model in both conventional and small object detection scenarios.

关键词： networks details thereby

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Countermeasures to reduce the risk of infections at the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games—A balancing act

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 722-725页

作者： Marcel Jooste Martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa IOC Research Centre of South africa Pretoria 0083South Africa

The Olympic and Paralympic Games are a global celebration of athletic dedication and achievement,bringing together athletes and spectators from around the ***,such large gatherings present public health challenges for the Organizing Committees and local *** highlighted by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,these events are associated with an increased risk of transmission of infections,which can significantly impact the health and well-being of athletes and *** the health and safety of athletes,officials and spectators is fundamental to ensure the successful hosting of the ***,it is essential to design and implement comprehensive countermeasures to mitigate the risk of an infectious disease outbreak among participants but also to the residents of the host city.

关键词： gathering bringing infections

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A Systematic Analysis of Systems Approach and Flood Risk Management Research:Trends,Gaps,and Opportunities

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 45-57页

作者： Lum Sonita Awah Johanes Amate Belle Yong Sebastian Nyam Israel Ropo Orimoloye Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for africa University of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa School of Environment Geographyand SustainabilityWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008USA

Flooding is a global threat,necessitating a comprehensive management *** to the complexity of managing flood hazards and risks,researchers have advocated for holistic,comprehensive,and integrated *** study,employing a systems thinking perspective,assessed global flood risk management research trends,gaps,and opportunities using132 published documents in BibTeX format.A systematic review of downloaded documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases revealed slow progress of approximately 11.61% annual growth in applying systems thinking and its concomitant approaches to understanding global flood risk management over the past two decades compared to other fields like water resource management and business management systems.A significant gap exists in the application of systems thinking methodologies to flood risk management research between developed and developing countries,particularly in africa,highlighting the urgency of reoriented research and policy *** application gaps of the study methodology are linked to challenges outlined in existing literature,such as issues related to technical expertise and resource *** study advocates a shift from linear to holistic approaches in flood risk management,aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2023 and the Sustainable Development *** among researchers,institutions,and countries is essential to address this global challenge effectively.

关键词： Flood risk management research Gaps and opportunities Global trends in flood research Systematic review.Systems thinking

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Substrate control in track registration and preservation:insights across the Triassic—Jurassic boundary in southern africa

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 351-371页

作者： Loyce Mpangala Miengah Abrahams Emese M.Bordy Department of Geological Sciences University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

Tracks registration is influenced by the dynamic interplay between the pedal anatomy of the trackmaker,its behaviour,and the substrate conditions it interacts *** in substrate conditions,especially those linked to grain size and moisture content,often result in the most dramatic variations in track *** the upper Stormberg Group,main Karoo Basin of southern africa,diverse trace fossils,primarily comprising Late Triassic—Early Jurassic dinosaur tracks,are *** studies have extensively documented individual ichnosites,investigating variations between sites over time,with recent studies suggesting that track abundance and anatomical fidelity increase *** the well-established link between substrate and track morphology,past studies have not specifically focused on substrate conditions,often emphasizing macro-sedimentary features ***,we examine the micro-sedimentary features of track-bearing units in the upper Stormberg Group using petrographic techniques to better understand the palaeosubstrate and its effect on fossil track registration and *** analysis revealed that very fine-grained sandstones and substrates modified by microbial activity tend to preserve tracks with greater abundance and/or higher anatomical ***,the prevalence of very fine-grained and microbially modified strata,and their associated track trends increases in younger stratigraphic *** the Triassic—Jurassic boundary in southern africa,a boom in dinosaur track abundances is observed and credited to the proliferation of dinosaur populations during the Early *** findings,however,suggest that the observed local increase in track abundance(and anatomical fidelity)up-stratigraphy may be linked to substrate composition differences,which were ultimately controlled by large-scale changes in the palaeoenvironment from high-energy meandering fluvial to lower-energy aeolian-lacustrine settings in the L

关键词： Dinosaur tracks Footprint anatomical fidelity Micro-sedimentary features Substrate conditions Track registration Palaeoenvironmental context

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Ready,set,go:Medical preparations for the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 726-727页

作者： Carolette Snyders Wayne Derman Martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa IOC Research Centre of South africa Pretoria 0083South Africa Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine Department of ExerciseSport and Lifestyle MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerberg 7505South Africa

*** In August 2024,over 4400 Paralympic athletes will gather in Paris for the Paralympic Summer Games—the pinnacle of every Paralympian’s(Para athletes competing at the Paralympic Games)career to showcase their ability and *** training,preparation,and effort in the years leading up to the Games are *** achieve success,Paralympians specifically rely on a medical support team to achieve their ***,what is required of the medical support team to prepare Paralympians to get ready,set,and go to Paris 2024?

关键词： Paris Games athletes

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On dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy using textured cutting tool inserts

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1608-1618页

作者： Shailendra Pawanr Kapil Gupta Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology University of JohannesburgDoornfontein CampusJohannesburg 2028 South Africa

Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and *** undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of *** cutting,a sustainable machining method,causes more friction and adhesion at the tool-chip *** of the promising solutions to this problem is cutting tool surface texturing,which can reduce tool wear and friction in dry cutting and improve machining *** paper aims to investigate the impact of dimple textures(made on the flank face of cutting inserts)on tool wear and chip morphology in the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium *** results show that the cutting speed was the most significant factor affecting tool flank wear,followed by feed rate and cutting *** tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analysis reports,which showed that at low cutting speed,the main wear mechanism was abrasion,while at high speed,it was *** chips are discontinuous at low cutting speeds,while continuous at high cutting *** dimple textured flank face cutting tools facilitate the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy and contribute to ecological benefits.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Dry machining Textured tools Flank wear Sustainability

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Relaxed Inertial Method for Solving Split Monotone Variational Inclusion Problem with Multiple Output Sets Without Co-coerciveness and Lipschitz Continuity

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1697-1726页

作者： Timilehin Opeyemi Alakoya Oluwatosin Temitope Mewomo School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

In this paper,we study the concept of split monotone variational inclusion problem with multiple output *** propose a new relaxed inertial iterative method with self-adaptive step sizes for approximating the solution of the problem in the framework of Hilbert *** proposed algorithm does not require the co-coerciveness nor the Lipschitz continuity of the associated single-valued ***,some parameters are relaxed to accommodate a larger range of values for the step *** some mild conditions on the control parameters and without prior knowledge of the operator norms,we obtain strong convergence result for the proposed ***,we apply our result to study certain classes of optimization problems and we present several numerical experiments to demonstrate the implementability of the proposed *** of the existing results in the literature could be viewed as special cases of our result in this paper.

关键词： Split inverse problems non-Lipschitz operators inertial technique self-adaptive step sizes

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Design consideration of phthalocyanines as sensitizers for enhanced sono-photodynamic combinatorial therapy of cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1077-1097页

作者： Lindokuhle Cindy Nene Heidi Abrahamse Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfontein 2028South Africa

Cancer remains one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality *** treatment modalities have demonstrated threatening drawbacks including invasiveness,noncontrollability,and development of resistance for some,including chemotherapy,radiation,and ***-photodynamic combinatorial therapy(SPDT)has been developed as an alternative treatment modality which offers a non-invasive and controllable therapeutic *** combines the mechanism of action of sonodynamic therapy(SDT),which uses ultrasound,and photodynamic therapy(PDT),which uses light,to activate a sensitizer and initiate cancer *** use of phthalocyanines(Pcs)as sensitizers for SPDT is gaining interest owing to their ability to induce intracellular oxidative stress and initiate toxicity under SDT and *** review discusses some of the structural prerequisites of Pcs which may influence their overall SPDT activities in cancer therapy.

关键词： Sonodynamic therapy Photodynamic therapy Combinatorial therapy Phthalocyanines Sensitizer Cancer

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