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Photobiomodulation:a novel approach to promote trans-differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuronal-like cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 598-608页

作者： Daniella Da Silva Madeleen Jansen van Rensburg Anine Crous Heidi Abrahamse Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinJohannesburgSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation,originally used red and near-infrared lasers,can alter cellular *** has been demonstrated that the visible spectrum at 451-540 nm does not necessarily increase cell proliferation,near-infrared light promotes adipose stem cell proliferation and affects adipose stem cell migration,which is necessary for the cells homing to the site of *** this in vitro study,we explored the potential of adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into neurons for future translational regenerative treatments in neurodegenerative disorders and brain *** investigated the effects of various biological and chemical inducers on trans-differentiation and evaluated the impact of photobiomodulation using 825 nm near-infrared and 525 nm green laser light at 5 J/*** adipose-derived stem cells can be used in autologous grafting and photobiomodulation has been shown to have biostimulatory *** findings reveal that adipose-derived stem cells can indeed trans-differentiate into neuronal cells when exposed to inducers,with pre-induced cells exhibiting higher rates of proliferation and trans-differentiation compared with the control ***,green laser light stimulation led to notable morphological changes indicative of enhanced trans-differentiation,while near-infrared photobiomodulation notably increased the expression of neuronal *** biochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,we observed marked improvements in viability,proliferation,membrane permeability,and mitochondrial membrane potential,as well as increased protein levels of neuron-specific enolase and ciliary neurotrophic ***,our results demonstrate the efficacy of photobiomodulation in enhancing the trans-differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells,offering promising prospects for their use in regenerative medicine for neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries.

关键词： differentiation inducers green photobiomodulation immortalized adipose-derived stem cell near-infrared photobiomodulation neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis photobiomodulation trans-differentiation

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A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： John Mitrofanis Jonathan Stone Michael R.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

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Effect of Nb addition on the microstructural,mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of AlCrFeNiCu high-entropy alloy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第10期27卷 1332-1340页

作者： N.Malatji A.P.I.Popoola T.Lengopeng S.Pityana Tshwane University of Technology PretoriaSouth Africa Council for Scientific and Industrial Research PretoriaSouth Africa

AlCrFeNiCuNbx(x=0.05,0.15,and 0.26)high-entropy alloys(HEAs)were successfully fabricated using the laser metal deposition *** laser power of 1600 W and scanning speed of 1.2 m/min were used during laser processing of the *** microstructural,mechanical,and electrochemical characteristics of the alloys were evaluated using various advanced characterization *** showed that the alloys exhibited a dual-phase structure with dendritic *** inclusion of Nb in the AlCrFeNiCu alloy matrix promoted the formation of fine eutectic structures and changed the shape of the grains from columnar to *** Cu content decreased with the increase in the content of Nb,whereas the Al content increased with the increase in the content of *** findings indicated that the presence of Nb in the alloy promoted the formation and enhanced the stability of the body-centered cubic(bcc)*** of the alloys that contained Nb also exhibited high hardness,compressive strength,and wear ***,the low current density and positive shift in potential exhibited by HEAs with appropriate addition of Nb highlighted the superior anticorrosive properties.

关键词： high-entropy alloys microstructure microhardness friction wear loss corrosion resistance

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Investigation on the influence of the initial RDX crystal size on the performance of shaped charge warheads

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第5期15卷 802-807页

作者： F.Majiet F.J.Mostert Rheinmetall Denel Munition Somerset WestSouth Africa Centre for Scientific&Industrial Research PretoriaSouth Africa

Copper lined wave shaped shaped charges of particular design and liner metallurgy were used to investigate the effect of explosive crystal size on the resultant shaped charge jet *** A3 with RDX of three different average crystal sizes,i.e.30μm,100μm and 300μm were used in the *** other parameters in the charge were kept constant and in particular,care was given to obtain consistent dimensional quality and liner microstructure,in order to prohibit the variation of other *** flash-X-ray diagnostics were used in field tests to obtain the jet parameters from multiple firings of similar *** is found that the varying crystal size of the RDX has a marginal influence in the total jet length of the ***,it is also found that there is less variation between firings in the jet parameters for jets from the charges loaded with the crystal size of 100 μm.

关键词： shaped size crystal

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Landsat 8 and Alos DEM geological mapping reveals the architecture of the giant Mesoproterozoic Kunene Complex anorthosite suite(Angola/Namibia)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 308-328页

作者： Jeremie Lehmann Alan M.Brower Trishya M.Owen-Smith Grant M.Bybee Ben Hayes Department of Geology University of JohannesburgSouth Africa Jurumani Solutions Midrand 1685South Africa School of Geosciences University of the Witwatersrand2050 JohannesburgSouth Africa

The quasi-monomineralic composition and huge spatial extent of massif-type anorthosites make detecting lithological regions and boundaries *** use processed Landsat 8 OLI multispectral images and ALOS digital elevation models integrated with field and petrographic observations to characterize the architecture of the≥17,000 km2 Mesoproterozoic Kunene Complex(KC)anorthosite suite in Angola and *** of false colour composite bands 6,4 and 1 and band ratios 4/2(ferric minerals),6/5(ferrous minerals)and 6/7(OH-bearing minerals),as well as assessment of the PCA and MNF matrices of eigenvectors and eigenvalues from Landsat 8 data using available spectral libraries,have substantially improved the interpretation of the Kunene Complex rock types and *** dataset shows that the reflectance signature of KC anorthositic rocks is primarily a function of the degree of metasomatism,which is most significant in olivine-poor rock *** weathering intensity of the olivine-bearing anorthosite substrate is another control on the remote sensing *** remote sensing and field-based approach has enabled us to divide the KC anorthosite suite into six distinct spectral and architecture domains and at least four distinct magmatic plutons when considering available high-precision geochronological *** northernmost pluton(ca.1380 Ma)of massive,olivine-bearing anorthosite shows distinct remote sensing signatures in the band ratio and MNF images marked by the dominance of OH-bearing and subordinate ferric *** central pluton(1412–1400 Ma)is composed of NNE-to N-striking steeply dipping interlayered olivine-bearing and olivinepoor anorthosite,which correspond to ridges of dark-coloured,low albedo rocks with subordinate slightly oxidised ferrous mineral spectral signatures,and valleys of low albedo and OH-bearing mineral spectral signatures.A NNE-striking tectonic zone along a linear belt of KC granite gneiss separates the northern and central plu

关键词： Remote sensing Structural geology LANDSAT 8 Alos DEM Lineaments Proterozoic massif-type anorthosite

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Conservatory of Kaup-Kupershmidt Equation to the Concept of Fractional Derivative with and without Singular Kernel

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2018年第2期34卷 351-361页

作者： Abdon ATANGANA Emile Franc Doungmo GOUFO Institute for Groundwater Studies University of the Free State 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa Department of Mathematical Sciences University of South Africa Florida 0003 South Africa

Making use of the traditional Caputo derivative and the newly introduced Caputo-Fabrizio deriva- tive with fractional order and no singular kernel, we extent the nonlinear Kaup-Kupershmidt to the span of fractional calculus. In the analysis, different methods of fixed-point theorem together with the concept of piccard L-stability are used, allowing us to present the existence and uniqueness of the exact solution to models with both versions of derivatives. Finally, we present techniques to perform some numerical simulations for both non-linear models and graphical simulations are provided for values of the order α = 1.00; 0.90. Solutions are shown to behave similarly to the standard well-known traveling wave solution of Kaup-Kupershmidt equation.

关键词： Kaup-Kupershmidt equation fractional derivative fixed-point theorem numerical simulations

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Lithostratigraphy,Sedimentology,and Provenance of the Balfour Formation(Beaufort Group) in the Fort Beaufort-Alice Area,Eastern Cape Province,South africa

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 902-916页

作者： David KATEMAUNZANGA Cornelis Janse GUNTER Council for Geoscience PretoriaSouth Africa Geology Department University of Fort HareAliceSouth Africa

The Balfour Formation has a pronounced lithological variation that is characterized by alternating sandstone- and mudstone-dominated members. The sandstone-dominated Oudeberg and Barberskrans Members are composed of lithofacies that range from intraformationai conglomerates to fine-grained sediments, whereas the mudstone-dominated members （Daggaboersnek, Elandsberg, and Palingkloof） are dominated by the facies Fm and FI. Petrography, geochemistry, and a paleocurrent analysis indicated that the source rock of the Balfour Formation was to south east and the rocks had a transitional/dissected magmatic arc signature. The sandstones-rich members were deposited by seasonal and ephemeral high-energy, low-sinuous streams, and the fine-grained-rich members were formed by ephemeral meandering streams. The paleoclimates have been equated to present temperate climates; they were semiarid becoming arid towards the top of the Balfour Formation. This has been determined by reconstructing the paleolatitude of the Karoo Basin, geochemistry, paleontology, sedimentary structures, and other rock properties, like color.

关键词： Balfour Formation Karoo Supergroup Beaufort Group lithostratigraphy sedimentology provenance Permo-Triassic

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Coating processes towards selective laser sintering of energetic material composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第2期16卷 316-324页

作者： Zetu Jiba Walter W.Focke Lonji Kalombo Moshawe J.Madito Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) Defence Peace Safety and SecurityP.O Box 395Pretoria 0001South Africa University of Pretoria South Africa CSIR Chemical ClusterSouth Africa

This research aims to contribute to the safe methodology for additive manufacturing(AM)of energetic *** formulation processes were investigated and evaluated to find a suitable method that may enable selective laser sintering(SLS)as the safe method for fabrication of high explosive(HE)*** safety and co nvenie nce reasons,the co ncept demonstration was conducted using inert explosive simulants with properties quasi-similar to the real *** processes for simulant RDXbased microparticles by means of PCL and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde(as TNT simulant)are *** processes were evaluated for uniformity of coating the HE inert simulant particles with binder materials to facilitate the SLS as the adequate binding and fabrication *** system and single emulsion methods gave required particle near spherical morphology,size and uniform *** suspension process appears to be suitable for the SLS of HE mocks and potential formulation methods for active HE *** density is estimated to be comparable with the current HE compositions and plastic bonded explosives(PBXs)such as C4 and PE4,produced from traditional *** formulation method developed and understanding of the science behind the processes paves the way toward safe SLS of the active HE compositions and may open avenues for further research and development of munitions of the future.

关键词： Coating processes Energetic materials Simulants Mock explosives Additive manufacturing Selective laser sintering

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Charge transfer between biogenic jarosite derived Fe^3＋ and TiO2 enhances visible light photocatalytic activity of TiO2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 256-267页

作者： Mahabubur Chowdhury Sipiwe Shoko Fransciuos Cummings Veruscha Fester Tunde Victor Ojumu Flow Process and Rheolofy Centre Cape Peninsula University of Technology South Africa Department of Chemical Engineering Cape Peninsula University of Technology South Africa Electron Microscope Unit University of the Western Cape South Africa

In this work, we have shown that mining waste derived Fe^3＋can be used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. This will allow us to harness a waste product from the mines, and utilize it to enhance TiO2 photocatalytic waste water treatment efficiency. An organic linker mediated route was utilized to create a composite of TiO2 and biogenic jarosite. Evidence of Fe／O／Ti bonding in the TiO2/jarosite composite was apparent from the FTIR, EFTEM, EELS and ELNEFS analysis. The as prepared material showed enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pristine TiO2, biogenic jarosite and mechanically mixed sample of jarosite and TiO2 under both simulated and natural solar irradiation. The prepared material can reduce the electrical energy consumption by 4 times compared to pristine P25 for degradation of organic pollutant in water. The material also showed good recyclability. Results obtained from sedimentation experiments showed that the larger sized jarosite material provided the surface to TiO2 nanoparticles, which increases the settling rate of the materials. This allowed simple and efficient recovery of the catalyst from the reaction system after completion of photocatalysis. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composite material was due to effective charge transfer between TiO2 and jarosite derived Fe^3＋as was shown from the EELS and ELNEFS. Generation of OHU was supported by photoluminesence（PL） experiments.

关键词： Biogenic jarosite TiO2 photocatalysis Charge transfer Organic pollutant Visible light responsive Water treatment

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Influence of organic and inorganic properties of coal-shale on spontaneous combustion liability

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第6期29卷 851-857页

作者： M.Onifade B.Genc N.Wagner The School of Mining Engineering University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg 2050South Africa Department of Geology University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2092South Africa

Coal and coal-shale undergo low-temperature oxidation when exposed to air,potentially leading to spontaneous ***-shale found in association with coal seams vary considerably in their intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion liability *** coal-shale samples collected from four different coal mines in Witbank Coalfield,South africa,were experimentally *** influence of coal-shale intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion liability indices(determined by the WitsEhac Index and the Wits-CT Index)were *** liability indices indicate relationships with the intrinsic factors and thus,identifying the major intrinsic factors affecting liability toward spontaneous combustion in these coal-shale *** XRF analysis indicated that the coal-shale samples are rich in Si O2,Al2O3 and Fe2O3,while the XRD showed that same coal-shale samples are generally dominated with kaolinite and *** coal-shale occurred in association with medium Rank C bituminous coal and contained varying proportion of *** Wits-Ehac Index was unable to reliably determine liability indices of some coal-shale samples,and hence the Wits-CT Index was *** results obtained from the characterisation tests may be used as a tool to predict the spontaneous combustion liability in carbonaceous material and may serve as a reference when comparing coal-shale from different coal mines.

关键词： Wits-Ehac Index Wits-CT Inde Witbank Coalfield and self-heating

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