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Single-photon avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics:review and outlook

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 409-436页

作者： Claudio Bruschini Harald Homulle Ivan Michel Antolovic Samuel Burri Edoardo Charbon AQUA EPFLNeuchatelSwitzerland AQUA TU DelftDelftThe Netherlands

Single-photon avalanche diode(SPAD)arrays are solid-state detectors that offer imaging capabilities at the level of individual photons,with unparalleled photon counting and time-resolved *** fascinating technology has progressed at a very fast pace in the past 15 years,since its inception in standard CMOS technology in 2003.A host of architectures have been investigated,ranging from simpler implementations,based solely on off-chip data processing,to progressively“smarter”sensors including on-chip,or even pixel level,time-stamping and processing *** the technology has matured,a range of biophotonics applications have been explored,including(endoscopic)FLIM,(multibeam multiphoton)FLIM-FRET,SPIM-FCS,super-resolution microscopy,time-resolved Raman spectroscopy,NIROT and *** will review some representative sensors and their corresponding applications,including the most relevant challenges faced by chip designers and ***,we will provide an outlook on the future of this fascinating technology.

关键词： image photon simpler

A dynamic influence model of social network hotspot based on grey system

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第12期58卷 63-74页

作者： XIAO YunPeng MA Jing LIU YanBing YAN ZhiXian Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CQUPT) Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (epfl)

The outbreak of hotspot in social network may contain complex dynamic genesis. Using user behavior data from hotspots in social network, we study how different user groups play different roles for a hotspot topic. Firstly, by analyzing users’ behavior records, we mine group situation that promotes the *** major attributions in a hotspot outbreak, such as individual, peer and group triggers, are defined formally according to the view-point of social identity, social interaction, retweet depth and opinion leader. Secondly,for the problem of the uneven and sparse data in each stage of hotspot topic’s life cycle, we propose a dynamic influence model based on grey system to formalize the effect of different groups. Then the process of hotspot evolution driven by distinct crowd is showed dynamically. The experimental result confirms that the model is able not only to qualify users’ influence on a hotspot topic but also to predict effectively an upcoming change in a hotspot topic.

关键词： social network hotspot topic grey system influence model dynamic evolution

Engineering cancer vaccines using stimuli-responsive biomaterials

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5355-5371页

作者： Yu Zhao Yugang Guo Li Tang Institute of Bioengineering Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland Institute of Materials Science & Engineering Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne CH- 1015 Switzerland

Cancer vaccines aimed at expanding the pool or increasing the activity of tumor-specific T cells against malignancies is an important immunotherapy modality that has been extensively pursued in the past decades. However, the clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines remains modest in comparison to other immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy. This unsatisfactory performance is likely due to the suboptimal selection of tumor antigens for vaccine and inefficient delivery platform. Recently, vaccines designed to target cancer neoantigens have shown marked promise in both preclinical and early clinical studies. However, enormous challenges need to be overcome to develop a highly efficient and safe delivery strategy for targeting cancer vaccines to professional antigen-presenting cells and eliciting optimized immune response against cancers. To meet these challenges, biomaterials, particularly biomaterials that are designed to respond to certain environmental stimuli, termed as stimuli-responsive biomaterials, are being actively developed to precisely manipulate the trafficking and release of cancer vaccines in vivo for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety. In this mini review, we provide a brief overview of the recent advances in applying stimuli-responsive biomaterials in enhancing non-cellular cancer vaccines while focusing on the chemistry and material design with varied responsiveness. We also discuss the present challenges and opportunities in the field and provide a perspective for future directions.

关键词： cancer vaccine stimuli-responsive biomaterial nanoparticle immune response lymph node targeting cross-presentation

High-resolution 1D moire s as counterfeit security features

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 119-123页

作者： Victor J Cadarso Sylvain Chosson Katrin Sidler Roger D Hersch Jurgen Brugger Microsystems laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Peripheral Systems Laboratory EPFLLausanne 1015Switzerland

A moireis an interference pattern that appears when two different periodic structures are *** image created is extremely sensitive to small variations in the original layers and is thus very interesting for anti-counterfeit *** present a microfabricated 1D moire enabling complex high-resolution patterns as a significantly improved security feature that cannot be reproduced using standard printing ***,we demonstrate,theoretically and experimentally,that a microscopic deviation from the original design results in a macroscopic variation in the moire that is clearly visible to the naked *** record resolution achieved in the elements fabricated and the increased design freedom,make these high-resolution moires excellent candidates for a variety of visually appealing security applications.

关键词： anti-counterfeiting micro-optical devices moire´effect optical security

Wafer-scale MOCVD growth of monolayer M0S2 on sapphire and SiO2

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Nano Research 2019年第10期12卷 2646-2652页

作者： Huanyao Cun Michal Macha HoKwon Kim Ke Liu Yanfei Zhao Thomas LaGrange Andras Kis Aleksa ndra Radeno vic Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology Institute of BioengineeringEcole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Nanoscale Electronics and Structures Electrical Engineering InstituteEcole Poly technique Federate de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Nanoscale Electronics and Structures Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringEcole Poly technique Federate de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy(CIME) Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland

High-quality and large-scale growth of monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)has caught intensive attention because of its potential in many applications due to unique electronic ***,we report the wafer-scale growth of high-quality mono layer MoS2 on singlecrystalline sapphire and also on SiO2 substrates by a facile metal-organic chemical vapor deposit!on(MOCVD)*** to growth,an aqueous solution of sodium molybdate(Na2MoO4)is spun onto the substrates as the molybdenum precursor and diethyl sulfide((C2H5)2S)is used as the sulfur precursor duri ng the *** grown MoS2 films exhibit crystal I i nity,good electrical performa nee(electro n mobility of 22 cm2·V^-1·s^-1)and structural continuity maintained over the entire *** sapphire substrates are reusable for subsequent *** same method is applied for the synthesis of tungsten disulfide(WS2).Our work provides a facile,reproducible and cost-efficient method for the scalable fabricati on of high-quality mono layer MoS2 for versatile applicati ons,such as electro nic and optoelectr onic devices as well as the membranes for desalination and power generation.

关键词： molybdenum disulfide two-dimensional(2D)materials metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD) wafer-scale fabrication

Microfluidic bacterial traps for simultaneous fluorescence and atomic force microscopy

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Nano Research 2017年第11期10卷 3896-3908页

作者： Oliver Peric Melanie Hannebelle Jonathan D. Adams Georg E. Fantner Laboratory for Bio-and Nano-Instrumentation Institute of Bioengineering School of Engineering EPFL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

The atomic force microscope has become an established research tool for imaging microorganisms with unprecedented ***,its use in microbiology has been limited by the difficulty of proper bacterial ***,we have developed a microfluidic device that solves the issue of bacterial immobilization for atomic force microscopy under physiological *** device is able to rapidly immobilize bacteria in well-defined positions and subsequently release the cells for quick sample *** developed device also allows simultaneous fluorescence analysis to assess the bacterial viability during atomic force microscope *** demonstrated the potential of our approach for the immobilization of rod-shaped Escherichia coli and Bacillus *** our device,we observed buffer-dependent morphological changes of the bacterial envelope mediated by the antimicrobial peptide *** approach to bacterial immobilization makes sample preparation much simpler and more reliable,thereby accelerating atomic force microscopy studies at the single-cell level.

关键词： atomic force microscope (AFM) microfabrication microfluidics microbiology correlative microscopy physical immobilization

Negative Index Materials and Their Applications:Recent Mathematics Progress(Dedicated to Ham Brezis for his 70th birthday with esteem)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第2期38卷 601-628页

作者： Hoai-Minh NGUYEN epfl SB MATHAA CAMA Station 8CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Negative index materials are artificial structures whose refractive index has negative value over some frequency range. These materials were first investigated theoretically by Veselago in 1946 and were confirmed experimentally by Shelby, Smith, and Schultz in2001. Mathematically, the study of negative index materials faces two difficulties. Firstly,the equations describing the phenomenon have sign changing coefficients, hence the ellipticity and the compactness are lost in general. Secondly, the localized resonance, i.e.,the field explodes in some regions and remains bounded in some others as the loss goes to 0, might appear. In this survey, the author discusses recent mathematics progress in understanding properties of negative index materials and their applications. The topics are reflecting complementary media, superlensing and cloaking by using complementary media, cloaking a source via anomalous localized resonance, the limiting absorption principle and the well-posedness of the Helmholtz equation with sign changing coefficients.

关键词： Negative index materials, Localized resonance, Cloaking, Superlensing

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Harboring CAR-T cells using an injectable scaffold to treat solid tumors

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 91-92页

作者： Li Tang Institute of Bioengineering (IBI) école polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Genetic expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) enables T cells to target and kill cancer cells in an MHCindependent manner, resulting in a potent antitumor response [1]. To date, more than 10 CAR-T cell products have been approved globally for the treatment of hematologic disorders such as relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma [2,3].

关键词： scaffold cells solid treat harboring injectable tumors using

Nanoplasmonic mid-infrared biosensor for in vitro protein secondary structure detection

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 656-665页

作者： Dordaneh Etezadi John B Warner IV Francesco S Ruggeri Giovanni Dietler Hilal A Lashuel Hatice Altug Bionanophotonic Systems Laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne CH-1015Switzerland Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics EPFLLausanne CH-1015Switzerland Institute of Physics Laboratory of the Physics of Living MatterEPFLLausanne CH-1015Switzerland Department of Chemistry Lensfield roadUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK

Plasmonic nanoantennas offer new applications in mid-infrared(mid-IR)absorption spectroscopy with ultrasensitive detection of structural signatures of biomolecules,such as proteins,due to their strong resonant *** amide I fingerprint of a protein contains conformational information that is greatly important for understanding its function in health and ***,we introduce a non-invasive,label-free mid-IR nanoantenna-array sensor for secondary structure identification of nanometer-thin protein layers in aqueous solution by resolving the content of plasmonically enhanced amide I *** successfully detect random coil to crossβ-sheet conformational changes associated withα-synuclein protein aggregation,a detrimental process in many neurodegenerative ***,our experimental results demonstrate high conformational sensitivity by differentiating subtle secondary-structural variations in a nativeβ-sheet protein monolayer from those of crossβ-sheets,which are characteristic of pathological *** nanoplasmonic biosensor is a highly promising and versatile tool for in vitro structural analysis of thin protein layers.

关键词： label-free biosensing nanoantennas plasmonics protein secondary structure surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy