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Covalent and Ionic Bonding between Tannin and Collagen in Leather Making and Shrinking:A MALDI-ToF Study

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第8期9卷 1345-1364页

作者： Antonio Pizzi LERMAB-enstib University of LorraineEpinal88000France

Collagen powder hydrolysates were reacted with a solution of commercial mimosa bark tannin *** mixture was prepared at ambient temperature and prepared at 80°C to determine what reactions,if any,did occur between the collagen protein through its amino acids and the polyphenolic condensed *** reaction products obtained were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(MALDI ToF)mass *** between the two materials did appear to occur,with the formation of a relatively small proportion of covalent and ionic linkages at ambient temperature but a considerable proportion of covalent linkages tannin-protein amino acids and the disappearance of ionic *** linkages between the two materials appeared to be by amination of the phenolic–OHs of the tannin by the amino groups of the non-skeletal side chains of arginine,and by esterification by the–COOH groups of glutamic and aspartic acid of the aliphatic alcohol-OH on the C3 site of the flavonoid units heterocycle of the *** proportion of covalent linkages increases markedly and predominate with increasing *** tightening of the tannin-protein covalent network formed may be an additional contributing factor both to leather wear resistance and performance as well to leather shrinking when this is subjected to excessive temperatures.

关键词： Leather collagen vegetal tannins tanning tannin-protein reactions covalent bonds leather cross-linking leather shrinkage MALDI

Tannin-Based Biofoams-A Review

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第5期7卷 477-492页

作者： Antonio Pizzi LERMAB-enstib University of Lorraine27 rue Philippe Seguin88000 EpinalFrance

This review details the development of tannin-based biofoams for fire resistance and acoustic insulation and details the different varieties of these foams that have been developed,from tannin-furanic self-blowing foa... 详细信息

关键词： Biofoams tannins tannin-furanic tannin-carbohydrates,nonisocyanate polyurethanes(NIPU)

A Review of Soy-Tannin Gelling for Resins Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第1期11卷 1-25页

作者： Antonio Pizzi LERMAB-enstib University of Lorraine27 rue PhilippeSeguinEpinal88000France

Soy flour(SF),soy protein and soy protein isolates(SPI)have been the focus of increasing research on their application as new materials for a variety of applications,mainly for wood adhesives and other *** too have been the focus of increasing research for similar *** both materials are classed as non-toxic and have achieved interesting results the majority of the numerous and rather inventive approaches have still relied on some sort of hardeners or cross-linkers to bring either of them or even their combination to achieve acceptable *** paper after a presentation of the two materials and their characteristics concentrates on the formation of gels,gelling and even hardening in the case of soy-tannin combined *** chapter than finishes with details of the formation of resins giving suitable wood adhesive of acceptable performance by the covalent coreaction of soy protein and tannin without any other hardener,thus totally bio-sourced,non-toxic and environment friendly as a base of further advances to expect in future by these two materials combination.

关键词： Soy tannin soy-tannin coreaction gelling hardening wood

Curing Kinetics of Tannin and Lignin Biobased Adhesives Determined by DSC and ABES

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第8期10卷 2117-2131页

作者： Jaša Saražin Ida Poljanšek Antonio Pizzi MilanŠernek University of Ljubljana Biotechnical FacultyLjubljana1000Slovenia Universitéde Lorraine LERMAB-enstib Epinal88000France

The curing process of two biobased adhesives:pine tanninhexamine(TH)and organosolv lignin non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU),suitable for interior nonstructural use,were compared with commercial urea-formaldehyde(UF)*** in chemical structure before and after the curing process were observed with Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The process of adhesive curing was monitored with differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and the automated bonding evaluation system(ABES).Both DSC and ABES measurements confirmed UF as the fastest and NIPU as the slowest curing adhesive *** into account the ABES results,the optimal pressing parameters for the TH adhesive would be 4 min at 175℃,for the NIPU adhesive 7 min at 200℃and for the UF 1.5 min at 100℃.Strong linear correlation was observed between mechanical and chemical curing for the UF and NIPU adhesives,whereas lower correlation was observed for the TH *** all observed adhesives,the DSC measurements were underestimating the curing process determined by ABES in the first part and overestimating it at the *** underestimation was the most evident with the TH adhesive and the less with the UF *** comparing the uncured and cured FTIR spectra of all three types of adhesives,a drastic decrease in the characteristic band of-OH groups at 3330–3400 cm^(−1)and an increase in the signal intensity at 2920 cm^(−1)of aliphatic-CH2-groups were *** the UF adhesive,the C=O stretching frequency has shifted from 1632 cm^(−1)for uncured to three different bands at 1766,1701,and 1655 cm^(−1)for cured *** sharp band for phenolic alcohols at 1236 cm^(−1)of C–O stretch and hydroxyl O–H functional group at 1009 cm^(−1)and at 684 cm^(−1)of uncured TH adhesive diminished during curing,which indicates that a crosslinking reaction occurs via-OH *** peak of the C=O group of urethane bridges at 1697 cm^(−1)for uncured NIPU shifted to lower wavenumber at 1633 cm^(−1)for cured NIPU.

关键词： Biobased adhesives curing kinetics tannin lignin ABES DSC FTIR

Glucose-Biobased Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Rigid Foams

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第3期7卷 301-312页

作者： Xuedong Xi A.Pizzi C.Gerardin Guanben Du LERMAB-enstib University of LorraineEpinalFrance Southwest Forestry University KunmingYunnanChina LERMAB Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance

Glucose-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes(NIPU)were prepared by reaction of glucose with dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene *** were used to prepare partially biobased polyurethane foams by reaction with NaHCO3 as a blowing agent and addition of a silane coupling agent having different functions such as coreactant and adjuvant to obtain more uniform and smaller *** foams were foamed and hardened by applying *** foams presented very limited fire resistance indicating that as for synthetic polyurethane foams the eventual use of a fire retardant appears to be *** 2 hours water absorption was used to indicate if close cells or open cells *** characteristic is their stress strain *** compression does indeed flatten the cell walls nonetheless the cellular structure is maintained and the cell walls have not been *** indicates a certain level of elasticity in the cell walls of formulations containing *** effect the macro-appearance of this foams,confirms this explanation as the foam is densified and holds together.

关键词： Polyurethane biofoams non-isocyanate polyurethanes NIPU biofoams glucose

Self-Cross-Linked Tannin-Aminated Tannin Surface Coatings for Particleboard

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第12期11卷 4097-4121页

作者： Bengang Zhang Antonio Pizzi Mathieu Petrissans Anelie Petrissans Colin Baptiste LERMAB I.U.T.Hubert CurienUniversity of LorraineÉpinal88000France LERMAB-enstib University of LorraineEpinal88000France

Aminated tannins were prepared by reacting mimosa condensed tannin extract with ammonia yielding the substitution of many,if not all of the tannin hydroxyl groups with–NH_(2)groups.A tannin-aminated tannin(ATT)particleboard coating was then prepared by reacting raw tannin extract with aminated tannin extract and thus cross-linking the two by substituting tannin’s hydroxyl groups with the–NH_(2)groups on the aminated tannin to form–NH-bridges between the *** resulting particleboard coating gave encouraging results when pressed at 180℃for 3 ***,the system in which tannin was reacted/cross-liked with urea(ATU)by a similar amination reaction did not perform as well as the ATT system,and this even when a higher curing temperature and longer hot press time were *** particular its water repellence was worse probably due to the presence of urea and such a system with lower ***,substituting the tannin–OHs with the urea–NH_(2)groups appeared to also take *** gave better results than ATU as regards water repellence and mechanical resistance as shown by the cross cut *** ATT system was shown to be between 95%and 98%*** difference appeared to be due,by TMA analysis,to the much faster formation of the ATT hardened network leading to a better cross-linked polymer *** chemical species formed for both the ATT and ATU system were studied by MALDI ToF and CP MAS^(13)C NMR.

关键词： Biocoatings particleboard aminated tannin cross-linked tannin-aminated tannin tannin-urea cross links water repellence cross cut test MALDI ToF ^(13)C NMR

Organosolv Lignin for Non-Isocyanate Based Polyurethanes (NIPU) as Wood Adhesive

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第5期9卷 881-907页

作者： Jaša Saražin Antonio Pizzi Siham Amirou Detlef Schmiedl MilanŠernek Biotechnical Faculty University of LjubljanaLjubljana1000Slovenia LERMAB-enstib Universitéde LorraineEpinal88000France Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology Pfinztal76327Germany

A non-isocyanate-based polyurethane(NIPU)wood adhesive was produced from organosolv lignin,which is a bio-sourced raw material,available in large quantities and produced as a by-product of the paper *** formulation of this new lignin-based NIPU adhesive,which is presented,was chemically characterised by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight(MALDI ToF)mass spectrometry and by Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR)spectrometry *** oligomers formed were determined and showed that the three species involved in the NIPU adhesive preparation were formed by the co-reaction of the three reagents used:lignin,dimethyl carbonate,and hexamethylene *** and branched structures were both *** properties of the adhesive were determined using the Automated Bonding Evaluation System(ABES)and internal bond(IB)strength test of the laboratory particleboard bonded with *** adhesive has shown satisfactory mechanical properties after hot pressing at 230℃.Such a temperature is used industrially in the most modern particleboard factories,but since it is hardly feasible for more conventional wood bonding equipment,the reactivity of the NIPU adhesive was successfully increased with the addition of a small percentage of a silane coupling *** the addition of the silane,the proposed NIPU adhesive could also be used at a hot-pressing temperature lower than 200℃.

关键词： Organosolv lignin NIPU MALDI ToF FTIR ABES

A Melamine–Dialdehyde Starch Wood Particleboard Surface Finish without Formaldehyde

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第11期11卷 3867-3889页

作者： Bengang Zhang Antonio Pizzi Mathieu Petrissans Anelie Petrissans Baptiste Colin LERMAB I.U.T.Hubert CurienUniversity of LorraineÉpinal88000France LERMAB-enstib University of LorraineÉpinal88000France

Melamine-dialdehyde starch resins used for wood surface finishes have been *** reaction of melamine with dialdehyde starch has been shown to occur by FTIR and MALDI ToF spectrometry,with several oligomer species due to the reaction of the two materials being identified,and the resin thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric *** resins were prepared by two different procedures when it was realized that dialdehyde starch is sensitive to too high a temperature for prolonged *** melamine-dialdehyde starch resins were applied on particleboard supports as a direct liquid surface finish and a resin-impregnated *** surface finishes were tested for adhesion by the cross-cut test,their initial sessile drop contact angle,and the contact angle evolution as a function of *** best results were obtained by the resins catalyzed by 2% ammonium sulfate and applied to the support surface as a resin-impregnated paper hot pressed for 3 min at 200℃,although the results at 180℃ also looked promising.

关键词： Melamine-dialdehyde starch resins wood surfaceﬁnishes FTIR MALDI ToF

An Eco-Friendly Wood Adhesive from Alfalfa Leaf Protein

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第11期8卷 1429-1441页

作者： Bengang Zhang Xuedong Xi Zhigang Wu Hong Lei Lifen Li Meifen Tian College of Forestry Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China enstib-LERMAB University of LorraineEpinal88051France

According to the preparation method commonly used for soy proteinαbased adhesives,alfalfa leaf protein was used as the raw material to prepare alfalfa leaf protein-based wood *** scanning calorimetry analyzer(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTαIR)were used to characterize properties of the alfalfa leaf protein-based adhesive in this *** results revealed the following:(1)Chemical compositions and chemical structures of the alfalfa leaf protein were basically identical with those of the soy protein,both belonging to spherical proteins with the basis and potential for protein adhesives preparation,and spatial cross-linked network structures would be easily formed.(2)Alfalfa leaf protein and soy protein adhesives had the similar curing behaviors,curing temperature of alfalfa leaf protein-based adhesive was relaαtively lower,and the heating rate had minor influence on curing temperature of alfalfa leaf protein-based *** different heating rates,change tendencies of curing reaction degrees of both the two adhesives were not totally the same.(3)Activation energy and reaction frequency factor of the alfalfa leaf protein-based adhesive were higher than those of soy protein-based adhesive,indicating that the curing reaction of the alfalfa leaf protein adhesive was more difficult than soy protein-based adhesive,thus the dry shear strength and water resistance of alfalfa protein-based adhesive were lower than those of soy protein-based *** models of curing reactions of alfalfa leaf protein-based adhesive and soy protein-based adhesive are dα=dt/1.06×10^(13)e^(-97370/RT)(1-α)^(0.938) and dα/dt=1.09×10^(11)e^(-84260/RT) 1-α)^(0.928) *** results of this study will expand the selection of raw materials for protein-based wood adhesives.

关键词： Alfalfa leaf protein wood adhesive curing properties thermal performance