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Design of the electron cyclotron emission diagnostic on EXL-50 spherical torus

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Plasma science and technology 2024年第3期26卷 53-60页

作者：王嵎民谢奇峰陶仁义张辉薄晓坤孙恬恬伦秀春陈琳谭伟强郭栋邓必河刘敏胜 the EXL-50 Team Hebei Key Laboratory of compact Fusion Langfang 065001People's Republic of China enn science and technology development co. Ltd.Langfang 065001People's Republic of China

The electron cyclotron emission(ECE)diagnostic system has been developed on the enn spherical torus(EXL-50).The ECE system is designed to detect radiation emitted by energetic electrons,rather than conventional 1D electron temperature profile measurement,in the frequency range of 4-40 GHz.The system is composed of five subsystems,each covering a different frequency band,including the C-band(4-8 GHz),X-band(8-12 GHz),Ku-band(12-18 GHz),K-band(18-26.5 GHz)and Kα-band(26.4-40 GHz).The system uses heterodyne detection to analyze the received signals.The K-band and Kα-band subsystems are located horizontally in the equatorial plane of the EXL-50,while the C-band,X-band and Ku-band subsystems are located under the vacuum vessel of the EXL-50.To direct the microwaves from the plasma to the antennas for the horizontal detection subsystems,a quasi-optical system has been developed.For the vertical detection subsystems,the antennas are directly attached to the port located beneath the torus at R=700 mm,which is also the magnetic axis of the torus.The system integration,bench testing and initial experimental results will be thoroughly discussed,providing a comprehensive understanding of the ECE system s performance and capabilities.

关键词： electron cyclotron emission spherical torus(ST) EXL-50 energetic electrons

Initial measurement of ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak

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Plasma science and technology 2024年第5期26卷 40-46页

作者：蒋军李颖颖陈冉符佳吕波余羿徐国盛叶民友 School of Nuclear science and technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People’s Republic of China enn science and technology development co.ltd. Langfang 065001People’s Republic of China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082People’s Republic of China

Ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy(UF-CXRS)has been developed on the EAST tokamak(Yingying Li et al 2019 Fusion Eng.Des.146522)to measure fast evolutions of ion temperature and toroidal velocity.Here,we report the preliminary diagnostic measurements after relative sensitivity calibration.The measurement results show a much higher temporal resolution compared with conventional CXRS,benefiting from the usage of a prismcoupled,high-dispersion volume-phase holographic transmission grating and a high quantum efficiency,high-gain detector array.Utilizing the UF-CXRS diagnostic,the fast evolutions of the ion temperature and rotation velocity during a set of high-frequency small-amplitude edgelocalized modes(ELMs)are obtained on the EAST tokamak,which are then compared with the case of large-amplitude ELMs.

关键词： ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy EAST diagnostic measurements

Sludge composition and characteristics shaped microbial community and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Liu Chenxiang Sun Wei Li Tianle Li Zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran Ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng Holding Group DatongShanxi 037000China Research and development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong science and technology Group co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge composition and characteristics on microbial community and performance.The sludge physiochemical indices,microbial community and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was elucidated.The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic compounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration.compared with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t coD),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a community with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production rate.Thus,it was recommended that OLR alone was not sufficient for controlling the system in design and operation,the concentration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t coD should be equally considered.Their higher concentration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were recommended as indicators for inferior running condition.Our results proposed that microbial communities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering ecology and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial community Full-scale

Online soft measurement for wastewater treatment system based on hybrid deep learning

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 77-89页

作者： Wenjie Mai Zhenguo Chen Xiaoyong Li Xiaohui Yi Yingzhong Zhao Xinzhong He Xiang Xu Mingzhi Huang SCNU Environmental Research Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety&MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of EnvironmentSchool of EnvironmentSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Fujian Environmental Protection Design Institute co.ltd. Fuzhou 350000China Huashi(Fujian)Environment technology co.ltd. Quanzhou362001China SCNU Qingyuan Institute of science and technology Innovation co.ltd. Qingyuan 511517China Econ technology co.ltd. Yantai 265503China

The existing automated wastewater treatment control systems encounter challenges such as the utilization of specialized testing instruments, equipment repair complications, high operational costs, substantial operational errors, and low detection accuracy. An effective soft measure model offers a viable approach for real-time monitoring and the development of automated control in the wastewater treatment process. consequently, a novel hybrid deep learning CNN-BNLSTM-Attention (CBNLSMA) model, which incorporates convolutional neural networks (CNN), bidirectional nested long and short-term memory neural networks (BNLSTM), attention mechanisms (AM), and Tree-structure Parzen Estimators (TPE), has been developed for monitoring effluent water quality during the wastewater treatment process. The CBNLSMA model is divided into four stages: the CNN module for feature extraction and data filtering to expedite operations;the BNLSTM module for temporal data’s temporal information extraction;the AM module for model weight reassignment;and the TPE optimization algorithm for the CBNLSMA model’s hyperparameter search optimization. In comparison with other models (TPE-CNN-BNLSTM, TPE-BNLSTM-AM, TPE-CNN-AM, PSO-CBNLSTMA), the CBNLSMA model reduced the RMSE for effluent coD prediction by 25.4%, decreased the MAPE by 32.9%, and enhanced the R2 by 14.9%. For the effluent SS prediction, the CBNLSMA model reduced the RMSE by 26.4%, the MAPE by 21.0%, and improved the R2 by 35.7% compared to other models. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CBNLSMA model holds significant potential for real-time effluent quality monitoring, indicating its high potential for automated control in wastewater treatment processes.

关键词： Prediction model Soft measurement CNN-BNLSTM-AM model TPE optimization algorithm

Nadel-type multiplier ideal sheaves on complex spaces with singularities

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science China Mathematics 2024年第5期67卷 951-974页

作者： Zhenqian Li School of Mathematics and computational science Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China Siwuge technology co.ltd. Chengdu 610093China

In this article,we introduce multiplier ideal sheaves on complex spaces with singularities(not necessarily normal)via Ohsawa’s extension measure,as a special case of which,it turns out to be the socalled Mather-Jacobian multiplier ideals in the algebro-geometric setting.Inspired by Nadel’s coherence and Guan-Zhou’s strong openness properties of the multiplier ideal sheaves,we discuss similar properties for the generalized multiplier ideal sheaves.As applications,we obtain a reasonable generalization of(algebraic)adjoint ideal sheaves to the analytic setting and establish some extension theorems on K?hler manifolds from singular hypersurfaces.Relying on our multiplier and adjoint ideals,we also give characterizations for several important classes of singularities of pairs associated with plurisubharmonic functions.

关键词： multiplier ideal sheaves plurisubharmonic functions Ohsawa-Takegoshi Luextension theorem rational singularities

development of coNTHAC-3D and hydrogen distribution analysis of HPR1000

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 210-221页

作者： Hui Wang Jing-Jing Li Yuan Chang Gong-Lin Li Ming Ding China Nuclear Power Engineering co.ltd. Beijing 100084China Fundamental science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation technology Laboratory Harbin 100049China

An in-house code,coNTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.coNTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow,diffusion,and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident,as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the containment.coNTHAC-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100,such as the passive cooling system,passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling system.To validate coNTHAC-3D,a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model containment facility.The hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by coNTHAC-3D.Subsequently,the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was studied.The results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using coNTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values,with an error of less than 1%.As the accident progresses,the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space,which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the accident.The amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small;therefore,raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is recommended.However,we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high positions.The study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that coNTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.

关键词： Hydrogen risk mitigation Pressurized water reactor HPR1000 Thermal hydraulic coNTHAC-3D

Efficient degradation of aqueous dichloromethane by an enhanced microbial electrolysis cell:Degradation kinetics,microbial community and metabolic mechanisms

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第5期139卷 150-159页

作者： Meng Wu Di Zhao Bing Gu ZiruWang Jun Hu Zhiliang Yu Jianming Yu college of Environment College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Shentuo Environment(Hangzhou)co.ltd. Hangzhou 311121China Zhejiang Tianyi Environmental co.ltd. Hangzhou 310000China

Dichloromethane(DCM)has been listed as a toxic and harmful water pollutant,and its re moval needs attention.Microbial electrolysis cells(MECs)are viewed as a promising alterna tive for pollutant removal,which can be strengthened from two aspects:microbial inocula tion and acclimation.In this study,the MEC for DCM degradation was inoculated with the ac tive sludge enhanced by Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13(strain H13)and then acclimated in the form of a microbial fuel cell(MFC).Both the introduction of strain H13 and the initi ation in MFC form significantly promoted DCM degradation.The degradation kinetics were fitted by the Haldane model,with V_(max),K_(h),K_(i)and v_(max)values of 103.2 mg/L/hr,97.8 mg/L268.3 mg/L and 44.7 mg/L/hr/cm^(2),respectively.The cyclic voltammogram implies that DCM redox reactions became easier with the setup of MEC,and the electrochemical impedance spectrogram shows that the acclimated and enriched microbes reduced the charge transfe resistance from the electrode to the electrolyte.In the biofilm,the dominant genera shifted from Geobacter to Hyphomicrobium in acclimation stages.Moreover,Methylobacterium played an increasingly important role.DCM metabolism mainly occurred through the hydrolytic glutathione S-transferase pathway,given that the gene dcmA was identified rather than the dhlA and P450/MO.The exogenous electrons facilitated the reduction of GSSG,directly o indirectly accelerating the GSH-catalyzed dehalogenation.This study provides support fo the construction of an efficient and stable MEC for DCM removal in water environment.

关键词： Dichloromethane Microbial electrolysis cells Metabolic pathways Electron transfer Degradation kinetics

Design of an on‑chip wavelength conversion device assisted by an erbium‑ytterbium co‑doped waveguide amplifier

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 51-60页

作者： Chen Zhou Xiwen He Mingyue Xiao Deyue Ma Weibiao Chen Zhiping Zhou School of Physical sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Aerospace Laser technology and System Department Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Hangzhou Aijie Optoelectronic technology co.ltd. Hangzhou 311400China

In current documented studies,it has been observed that wavelength converters utilizing AlGaAsOI waveguides exhibit suboptimal on-chip wavelength conversion efficiency from the C-band to the 2μm band,generally falling below−20.0 dB.To address this issue,we present a novel wavelength conversion device assisted by a waveguide amplifier,incorporating both AlGaAs wavelength converter and erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier,thereby achieving a notable conversion efficiency exceeding 0 dB.The noteworthy enhancement in efficiency can be attributed to the specific dispersion design of the AlGaAs wavelength converter,which enables an upsurge in conversion efficiency to−15.54 dB under 100 mW of pump power.Furthermore,the integration of an erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifier facilitates a loss compensation of over 15 dB.Avoiding the use of external optical amplifiers,this device enables efficient and high-bandwidth wavelength conversion,showing promising applications in various fields,such as optical communication,sensing,imaging,and beyond.

关键词： Silicon-based optoelectronics Wavelength conversion Waveguide amplifier 2μm band

A novel Ce_(0.485)Zr_(0.485)Y_(0.03)O_(2) composite oxide with surface doping of Y and its application in Pd-only three-way catalyst

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 749-757页

作者： Zheng Zhao Wei-Xin Zhao Yong-Qi Zhang Mei-Sheng Cui Yong-Ke Hou Dong-Ming Chen Juan-Yu Yang Zong-Yu Feng Xiao-Wei Huang National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Grirem Advanced Materials Co.Ltd.GRINM Group Corporation LimitedBeijing100088China Griem Hi-Tech co.ltd. Langfang065000China Rare Earth Functional Materials(Xiong’an)Innovation Venter co.ltd. Baoding071700China

The ceria-zirconia compound oxide-supported noble metal Pd(Pd@CZ)is widely used in three-way catalyst.Moreover,the surface structure of CZ plays an important role in catalytic activity of Pd.However,how to regulate the surface structure of CZ and clarify the structure–activity relationship is still a challenge.In this paper,a strategy is proposed to develop high activity Pd@CZ nanocatalysts by tuning Y doping sites in CZ.The precipitate-deposition method is developed to prepare the novel Ce_(0.485)Zr_(0.485)Y_(0.03)O_(2) composite with surface doping of Y(CZ-Y-S).In addition,the Pd@CZ-Y-S(Pd supported on CZ-Y-S)exhibits superior catalytic activity for HC,co,and NO oxide,wherein,for co and C_(3)H_(6) oxidation,the low-temperature activity of Pd@CZ-Y-S is still 20%higher than that of Pd@CZ-Y-B(Y bulk doping)and commercial Pd@CZ after 1000℃/4 h aging.The effect mechanism is further studied by density functional theory(DFT)calculation.compared with Pd@CZ-Y-B,Pd@CZ-Y-S shows the lower co oxide reaction energy barriers due to the weaker adsorption strength of O2.The Y surface doping strategy could provide valuable insights for the development of highly efficient Pd@CZ catalyst with extensive applications.

关键词： Rare earth Ceria-zirconia-supported Pd Surface doping Experiment and theory Catalytic application