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Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jacobs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy J Kendall David A Dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes John N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting MASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVID-19 COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy

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Bimetallic reduced graphene oxide/zeolitic imidazolate framework hybrid aerogels for efficient heavy metals removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 49-66页

作者： Nurul A.Mazlan Allana Lewis Fraz Saeed Butt Rajakumari Krishnamoorthi Siyu Chen Yi Huang School of Engineering Institute for Materials&ProcessesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FBUK

Graphene oxide is a promising adsorption ***,it has been difficult to recycle and separate graphene oxide in the *** alleviate this problem,graphene oxide was thermally reduced to produce porous hydrogel which was then functionalized with *** functional groups act as not only adsorption sites but also nucleation sites for in situ crystallization of cobalt-doped zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 *** effects of cobalt-doping contents on the physicochemical and adsorption properties of the resulting aerogel were also evaluated by varying the cobalt *** instance,the reduced graphene oxide-polydopamine/50cobalt-zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 aerogel exhibited a high surface area of 900 m^(2)·g^(-1)and maintained the structure in water after ten *** as-synthesized aerogels showed an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 1217±24.35 mg·g^(-1)with a removal efficiency of>99%of lead,as well as excellent adsorption performance toward other heavy metals,such as copper and cadmium with adsorption capacity of 1163±34.91 and 1059±31.77 mg·g^(-1),*** importantly,the lead adsorption stabilized at 1023±20.5 mg·g^(-1)with a removal efficiency of>80%after seven cycles,indicating their potential in heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater.

关键词： rGO Co-doped ZIF-8 heavy metals adsorption aerogel

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Management of monogenic diabetes in pregnancy:A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 15-23页

作者： Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen Sarah R Murray Mark W J Strachan Metabolic Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom

Pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes is potentially complex,with significant implications for both maternal and fetal *** these,maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)stands out as a prevalent monogenic diabetes subtype frequently encountered in clinical *** subtype of MODY requires a distinct approach tailored to the pregnancy,diverging from management strategies in non-pregnant *** MODY(GCK-MODY)typically does not require treatment outside of pregnancy,but special considerations arise when a woman with GCK-MODY becomes *** glycemic targets in GCK-MODY pregnancies are not exclusively dictated by the maternal/paternal MODY genotype but are also influenced by the genotype of the developing *** pregnancy,the choice between sulfonylurea or insulin for treating hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha(HNF1A)-MODY and HNF4A-MODY depends on the mother’s specific circumstances and the available *** of other rarer MODY subtypes is individu-alized,with decisions made on a case-by-case ***,a collaborative approach involving expert diabetes and obstetric teams is crucial for the compre-hensive management of MODY pregnancies.

关键词： Diabetes Pregnancy Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Insulin Sulphonylurea Glucokinase Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha,hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta,and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha

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A low-power Bluetooth-based wireless sensor network and its global confliction-solving impact localization method

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 153-161页

作者： Yuanjia WANG Lei QIU Qiyun XU Liming SHI College of Aerospace Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH89YLUK

During the whole service lifetime of aircraft structures with composite materials,impacts are inevitable and can usually cause severe but barely visible *** the occurrences of impact are random and unpredictable,it is a hotspot direction to develop an online impact monitoring system that can meet strict limitations of aerospace applications including small size,light weight,and low power ***(PZT)sensor,being able to generate impact response signals with no external power and cover a large-scale structure with only a small amount of them,is a promising ***,for real systems,networks with multiple nodes are normally required to monitor large-scale structures in a global way to identify any impact localization confliction,yet the existing studies are mostly evaluated with single nodes instead of ***,in this paper,based on a new low-power node designed,a Bluetooth-based digital impact monitoring PZT sensor network is proposed for the first time with its global confliction-solving impact localization *** of the system as a network are researched and analyzed on a complex real aircraft wing box for a global confliction-solving impact localization,showing a satisfying high accuracy.

关键词： Bluetooth-based low-power design Confliction-solving evaluation Complex composites Piezoelectric sensors Wireless impact monitoring network

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Green hydrogen energy production: current status and potential

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CLEAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 1-7页

作者： Maka, Ali O. M. Mehmood, Mubbashar Libyan Ctr Res & Dev Saharian Communities Murzuq Libya Heriot Watt Univ Sch Engn & Phys Sci Edinburgh EH14 4AS Scotland

The technique of producing hydrogen by utilizing green and renewable energy sources is called green hydrogen production. Therefore, by implementing this technique, hydrogen will become a sustainable and clean energy source by lowering greenhouse gas emissions and reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. The key benefit of producing green hydrogen by utilizing green energy is that no harmful pollutants or greenhouse gases are directly released throughout the process. Hence, to guarantee all of the environmental advantages, it is crucial to consider the entire hydrogen supply chain, involving storage, transportation and end users. Hydrogen is a promising clean energy source and targets plan pathways towards decarbonization and net-zero emissions by 2050. This paper has highlighted the techniques for generating green hydrogen that are needed for a clean environment and sustainable energy solutions. Moreover, it summarizes an overview, outlook and energy transient of green hydrogen production. Consequently, its perspective provides new insights and research directions in order to accelerate the development and identify the potential of green hydrogen production. Hydrogen is a promising clean energy source and a pathway towards decarbonization and net-zero emissions by 2050. This article provides perspective on techniques for generating green hydrogen that are needed for a clean environment and sustainable energy solutions. Graphical Abstract

关键词： green hydrogen energy hydrogen production energy transition clean energy perspective of green hydrogen TECHNOLOGIES ROADMAP

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Fabrication of surface passivated two-dimensional MFI zeolite for alkylation between toluene with methanol

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 115-124页

作者： Zhenyuan Zou Shengzhi Gan Ting Pu Xingxing Zeng Yi Huang Baoyu Liu School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Engineering Institute for Materials&Processesthe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93FBUnited Kingdom

The fabrication of suitable MFI zeolites to effectively produce para-xylene through the alkylation between toluene and methanol is highly ***,the two-dimensional pillared MFI zeolite was modified by silicalite-1,and its morphology and structure were systematically investigated by tuning the concentration of Si species during the secondary crystallization *** MFI zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,pyridine-infrared and N_(2) adsorption-desorption *** characterization results showed that the external Brønsted acid sites of surface passivated P-MFI-x samples have been successfully ***,the P-MFI-23 showed long lifetime and high selectivity of para-xylene(about 35%)based on the cooperation between opened interlamellar structure and passivated silicalite-1 *** was found that the accumulated hard coke in the interior of MFI zeolites not only blocked the channels of zeolites but also covered the acidic sites,resulting in the deactivation of ***,the highest selectivity of para-xylene(about 48%)can be achieved for P-MFI-30 under harsh reaction condition,which also exhibited excellent regeneration property in the alkylation reaction between toluene and *** strategy described in present research may open a window for the design of other advanced materials.

关键词： alkylation MFI nanosheets catalysis

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New insights into nitric oxide biosynthesis underpin lateral root development

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 691-693页

作者： Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta Nidhi Yadav Aprajita Kumari Gary J.Loake National Institute for Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi 110070India Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEH93BF EdinburghUK Centre for Engineering Biology School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEH93BF EdinburghUK

In recent years,nitric oxide(NO)has emerged as a key redox signaling molecule in plants functioning in the regulation of key developmental programs and the orchestration of responses to a plethora of environmental cues(Kolbert et al.,2019).The predominant route for the transfer of NO bioactivity is through S-nitrosylation,the addition of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol(Yun et al.,2011).Specificity for this process is established by the structural constraints imposed by tertiary protein structure in gating access to given cysteine redox switches and associated proteins that can either facilitate the addition or removal of the NO moiety at these residues(Umbreen et al.,2018).

关键词： moiety addition redox

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Improving the hydrostability of zeolitic imidazolate framework coatings using a facile silk fibroin protein modification method

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6247-6257页

作者： Xiuming Wei Ting Chen Siyu Chen Qian Jia Nurul Ain Mazlan Allana Lewis Norbert Radacsi Yi Huang School of Engineering Institute for Materials&ProcessesThe University of EdinburghRobert Stevenson RoadEdinburghEH93FBUK EASTCHEM School of Chemistry The University of St AndrewsPurdie BuildingNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY169STUK

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)are an important subclass of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with zeolite-type topology,which can be fabricated under ambient synthesis ***,the applications of ZIFs are commonly limited due to the weak hydrostability of their metal–ligand coordination bonds,particularly under humid and aqueous *** this work,as an example,the hydrolysis behaviours of ZIF-L with a special focus on ZIF-L coatings were tested at aqueous conditions with a wide range of pHs to systematically study and fundamentally understand their structural stability and degradation *** ZIF-L powder and ZIF-L coatings were severely damaged after only 24 h in aqueous ***,the ZIF-L coatings showed two distinct hydrolyzation pathways regardless of pH conditions,exhibiting either a ring-shaped etching or unfolding *** the ZIF-L powders were hydrolyzed almost identically across all pH *** this new understanding,a facile silk fibroin(SF)protein modification method was developed to enhance the hydrostability of ZIF-L coatings in aqueous *** effect of protein concentration on surface coating was systemically ***-L coating retained its surface morphology after soaking in water and demonstrated switchable super wetting properties and superior separation performance for oil/water *** a result,the quick SF protein modification significantly enhanced the stability of ZIF-L coatings under various pHs,while retaining their switchable wetting property and excellent separation performance.

关键词： zeolitic imidazole framework-L(ZIF-L) ZIF-L coatings silk fibroin protein hydrostability enhancement oil/water separation

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Dual-blockchain based multi-layer grouping federated learning scheme for heterogeneous data in industrial IoT

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BLOCKCHAIN-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第3期5卷 11-21页

作者： Wang, Xin Zhang, Haoji Wu, Haoyu Yu, Hongnian Shaanxi Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Informat & Artificial Intelligence Xian 710021 Peoples R China Edinburgh Napier Univ Sch Engn & Built Environm Edinburgh EH10 5DT Scotland

Federated learning (FL) allows data owners to train neural networks together without sharing local data, allowing the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to share a variety of data. However, traditional FL frameworks suffer from data heterogeneity and outdated models. To address these issues, this paper proposes a dualblockchain based multi-layer grouping federated learning (BMFL) architecture. BMFL divides the participant groups based on the training tasks, then realizes the model training by combining synchronous and asynchronous FL through the multi-layer grouping structure, and uses the model blockchain to record the characteristic tags of the global model, allowing group-manners to extract the model based on the feature requirements and solving the problem of data heterogeneity. In addition, to protect the privacy of the model gradient parameters and manage the key, the global model is stored in ciphertext, and the chameleon hash algorithm is used to perform the modification and management of the encrypted key on the key blockchain while keeping the block header hash unchanged. Finally, we evaluate the performance of BMFL on different public datasets and verify the practicality of the scheme with real fault datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed BMFL exhibits more stable and accurate convergence behavior than the classic FL algorithm, and the key revocation overhead time is reasonable.

关键词： Federal learning Multi-level grouping Editable blockchain Data heterogeneity Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) PRIVACY INTERNET

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Honour and Kingship in Herodotus: Status, Role, and the Limits of Self-Assertion

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2019年第1期14卷 75-93页

作者： Douglas Cairns Department of Classics University of Edinburgh EH8 9AG Scotland UK

The notion of time(Tiμη, normally translated "honour") is a key concept when it comes to thinking about virtues, roles, and duties in ancient Greek ethics and society, both in popular and in philosophical terms. This discussion concentrates on the work of the fifth-century historian, Herodotus, where the idea of time as the fulfilment of a specific role in society takes on particular and interesting inflections. In Herodotus, as in Greek generally, time covers both the esteem that one receives from others and the claim to esteem that the individual him- or herself brings to bear in social interaction. Thus time is both "deference" and "demeanour"(to use Goflman's terminology). As a quality of an individual that commands others' respect, time also encompasses the roles that are bound up with one's status. Roles and offices express, attract, and demand time, but such demands are normally constrained by reciprocal respect for the time of others. The office of the Persian king, however, appears at first sight to involve unconditional claims to recognition respect, powerful drives towards appraisal respect (in DarwalPs terminology), and only limited acknowledgement of either ethical norms or others claims as potential limitations to regal self-assertion. Closer inspection, however, reveals that the values of mutual respect that underpin the freedom enjoyed by citizens of Greek poleis are also felt by Herodotus to ground claims to freedom and in dependence on the part of those poleis themselves, claims that the historian9s narrative suggests are ultimately upheld by the gods and embedded in the structure of the cosmos itself.

关键词： Herodotus honour time Persian wars Xerxes

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