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Oviposition preference and larval performance of Epiphyas postvittana （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae） on Botrytis cinerea （Helotiales： Sclerotiniaceae） infected berries of Vitis vinifera （Vitales： Vitaceae）

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 313-325页

作者： Syed Z. M. Rizvi Anantanarayanan Raman Warwick M. Wheatley Geoffrey Cook School of agricultural & Wine Sciences graham centre foragricultural innovation Charles Sturt University Orange NSW 2800 Austrafia

In this paper we tested the behavior of gravid Epiphyas postvittana in select- ing the most-appropriate site for oviposition thus benefitting offspring performance. Our hypothesis was built on Jaenike＇s preference-performance hypothesis （also referred to as the ＂mother-knows-the-best＂ hypothesis）. To test this, we used the interacting Epiphyas postvittana, its host Vitis vinifera, and the pathogenic microbe Botrytis cinerea system. Populations ofE. postvittana and B. cinerea often exist concurrently on 14. vinifera in Aus- tralasia and their interaction and mutual influence are currently being explored, although the suggestion presently is that the relationship between E. postvittana and B. cinerea is mutualistic. We tested the effect of volatiles from B. cinerea-infected berries and unin- fected （control） berries of V. vinifera on the oviposition behavior of E. postvittana. We also characterized the effects of B. cinerea infection on the berries of V. vinifera on the growth and development of E. postvittana. Contrary to the preference-performance hy- pothesis, oviposition choices made by gravid E. postvittana did not result in the best offspring survival, development, and performance. The preference for oviposition by E. postvittana was strongly influenced by the olfactory and tactile cues. She laid fewer eggs on B. cinerea-infected berries compared to uninfected berries of V. vinifera. The larvae of E. postvittana showed no preference to uninfected berries of V. vinifera. The larvae fed on B. cinerea-infected berries of V. vinifera showing greater survival rate, shorter time to pupation, greater pupal mass, and on becoming adults they laid more numbers of eggs than the larvae that were enabled to feed on uninfected berries. The larvae of E. postvittana transport the conidia of B. cinerea and transmit grey-mould disease to uninfected berries of V. vinifera.

关键词： larval development life-history performance light-brown apple moth ovipo-sition preference preference-performance hypothesis grapevine

Salt Accumulation and Physiology of Naturally Occurring Grasses in Saline Soils in Australia

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 501-511页

作者： Mohammad S.I.BHUIYAN Anantanarayanan RAMAN Dennis S.HODGKINS David MITCHELL Helen I.NICOL Soil Research Group Charles Sturt University graham centre for agricultural innovation Orange agricultural Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries

Salinity is a major soil contamination problem in Australia. To explore salinity remediation, we evaluated the concentrations of sodium(Na), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), and calcium(Ca) in roots and shoots and in the supporting soil of the naturally occurring grasses, Cynodon dactylon and Thinopyrum ponticum, at two salt-affected sites, Gumble and Cundumbul in central-western New South Wales, Australia. The physiological parameters of the two grass species, including net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), were investigated using one mature leaf from C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations. Increasing salinity levels in the topsoil had a significant influence on Ciand gs, whereas no significant effect occurred on Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The Pn values in C. dactylon and T. ponticum were greater at Cundumbul than at Gumble.The greater Mg concentration facilitated greater Pn in C. dactylon and T. ponticum populations at Cundumbul than Gumble. With increasing salinity levels in the soil, Na accumulation increased in C. dactylon and T. ponticum. The ratio between K and Na was > 1in roots and shoots of both populations irrespective of the sites. Bioaccumulation factor(BF) and translocation factor(TF) results revealed that K and Na translocations were significantly higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon, whereas Ca and Mg translocations were significantly higher in C. dactylon than in T. ponticum. Accumulation of Na, K, Mg, and Ca ions was higher in T. ponticum than in C. dactylon; therefore, we suggest that T. ponticum as a greater salt accumulator than C. dactylon could be used for revegetation and phytoremediation of the salt-affected soils.

关键词：澳大利亚生理参数盐渍土积累天然胞间CO2浓度表层土壤盐分含量

A risk scoring system for seafood supply chain breaches and examination of freshwater fish imported to Australia

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Food Quality and Safety 2021年第3期5卷 256-270页

作者： Michelle Williams Marta Hernandez-Jover Thomas Williams Shokoofeh Shamsi School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences&graham centre for agricultural innovation Charles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia

Legislative changes have altered the way imported edible seafood is inspected in Australia.Greater onus of responsibility has been placed on exporting countries to provide documentary evidence of adherence to internally recognized food safety standards.According to global trade agreements,any additional safety tests applied to freshwater fish imported into Australia must be justified.Therefore,the aim of this study was to develop a risk scoring method to provide justification for identifying countries as'Freshwater fish high risk'and to examine the seafood they export to Australia for seafood supply chain breaches.Scori ng was con ducted using six predictor variables,identified in the literature as important contributors to seafood supply chain breaches,to achieve the outcome variable,Country considered'Freshwater fish high risk.Sixty-seven fish fillets(9.55 kg)of the same species were examined from the third highest scoring country(Country 20)and 562(5.6 kg)whole fish from the sixth highest scoring country(Country 22).Country 20 had supply chain breaches of 28 macroscopic yellow cysts in one fillet.Two hundred and thirteen parasites and other supply chain breaches were identified in fish from Country 22,in eluding retai ned liver(91 per cent),visible mud(11 per cent),a variety of debris(16 per cent)and,depending on the commodity code,these fish were imported to Australia under full intestine(90 per cent),retained gills(89 per cent),and partial intestine(9 per cent).Three serious physical hazards were recovered from the edible portion of three'consumer-ready' fish and snails of Genus Lymnaea and Indoplanorbis were recovered from gill mud also from'consumer-readyz fish.The study showed variable results from the scoring system and vast differences in seafood supply chain breaches between the third and sixth highest scoring countries.

关键词： Imported seafood supply chain breaches parasites.

Using ORYZA2000 to model cold rice yield response to climate change in the Heilongjiang province, China

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 317-327页

作者： Jingting Zhang Liping Feng Haiping Zou De Li Liu College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University NSW Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute graham centre for agricultural innovation (an alliance between NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University)

Rice(Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops in China. Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and associated climate change may greatly affect rice production. We assessed the potential impacts of climate change on cold rice production in the Heilongjiang province, one of China's most important rice production regions. Data for a baseline period(1961–1990) and the period 2010–2050 in A2 and B2 scenarios were used as input to drive the rice model ORYZA2000 with and without accounting for the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The results indicate that mean,maximum, and minimum temperature during the rice growing season, in the future period considered, would increase by 1.8 °C under the A2 scenario and by 2.2 °C under the B2 scenario compared with those in the baseline. The rate of change in average maximum and minimum temperatures would increase by 0.6 °C per 10-year period under the A2 scenario and by 0.4 °C per 10-year period under the B2 scenario. Precipitation would increase slightly in the rice growing season over the next 40 years. The rice growing season would be shortened and the yield would increase in most areas in the Heilongjiang province. Without accounting for CO2 effect, the rice growing season in the period 2010–2050 would be shortened by 4.7 and 5.8 days,and rice yields would increase by 11.9% and 7.9%, under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively.Areas with simulated rice yield increases greater than 30.0% were in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region. The simulation indicated a decrease in yield of less than 15% in the southwestern Songnen Plain. The rate of change in simulated rice yield was 5.0% and 2.5% per 10 years under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. When CO2 effect was accounted for, rice yield increased by 44.5% and 31.3% under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The areas of increasing yield were sharply expanded. The area of decreasing yield in the western region of Songnen Plains disappeared when increasing CO2 concentration was c

关键词： Climate change Cold rice yield ORYZA2000 model Heilongjiang province China

Maternal chitosan oligosaccharide intervention optimizes the production performance and health status of gilts and their offspring

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第2期6卷 134-142页

作者： Thi Ho Marefa Jahan Ziaul Haque Susie Kracht Peter C.Wynn Yuguang Du Allan Gunn Bing Wang graham centre for agricultural innovation Charles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100190China

Chitosan oligosaccharides(COS)are the hydrolyzed product of chitosan and have multifunctional health benefits.The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of COS as a dietary supplement to gilts on their productivity and health and that of their litters.Gilts were randomly assigned to either a treatment(n=30)or control group(n=30).The treatment gilts were fed a standard dry sow ration supplemented with COS at 0.12 and 0.24 g/gilt per d during gestation and lactation,respectively,and the control group was fed the standard dry sow ration only.The body weight,reproductive performance,milk production and litter size for each gilt and body weight of corresponding litters were recorded.The serum immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG,IgM)and secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)concentrations of gilts and piglets and fecal sIgA concertation of gilts were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Our study showed that maternal COS supplementation 1)significantly increased gilt body weight in late pregnancy(P0.05)in the treatment group compared to the control group.These results suggest that maternal COS intervention in gilts can improve gilt milk production,piglet pre-weaning growth and immunity parameters in both gilts and piglets.

关键词： Chitosan oligosaccharides Milk production Immunoglobulin Gestation Lactation

Mechanisms for flowering plants to benefit arthropod natural enemies of insect pests： Prospects for enhanced use in agriculture

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 1-12页

作者： Zhong-Xian Lu Ping-Yang Zhu Geoff M. Gurr Xu-Song Zheng Donna M. Y. Read Kong-Luen Heong Ya-Jun Yang Hong-Xing Xu State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China eh graham centre for agricultural innovation Charles Stuff University Orange NSW Australia College of Chemistry and Life Science Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang Province China and Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research Institute Los Banos Metro Manila Philippines

Reduction of noncrop habitats, intensive use of pesticides and high levels of disturbance associated with intensive crop production simplify the farming landscape and bring about a sharp decline of biodiversity. This, in turn, weakens the biological control ecosystem service provided by arthropod natural enemies. Strategic use of flowering plants to enhance plant biodiversity in a well-targeted manner can provide natural enemies with food sources and shelter to improve biological control and reduce dependence on chemical pesticides. This article reviews the nutritional value of various types of plant-derived food for natural enemies, possible adverse effects on pest management, and the practical application of flowering plants in orchards, vegetables and field crops, agricultural systems where most research has taken place. Prospects for more effective use of flowering plants to maximize biological control of insect pests in agroecosystem are good but depend up on selection of optimal plant species based on information on the ecological mechanisms by which natural enemies are selectively favored over pest species.

关键词： conservation biological control ecological engineering habitat nectar,nutrition pollen shelter

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing: A risk scoring method for prioritizing inspection of fish imported to Australia for zoonotic parasites

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2020年第2期2卷 81-90页

作者： Michelle Williams Marta Hernandez-Jover Shokoofeh Shamsi School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences&graham centre for agricultural innovation Charles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2650Australia

The global burden of illegal fishing is estimated to be extensive.Intricately constructed trade routes introduce illegally caught fish products into the global commercial market,including Australia.To date,no studies have investigated the potential for illegally caught fish to harbor zoonotic parasites.Any tests applied to fish imported to Australia must be scientifically justified according to international trade agreements.The primary aim of this study was to develop a risk scoring method that provides a scientific basis for the development of protocols to examine fish imported to Australia for zoonotic parasites.The secondary aim was to estimate and prioritize the provenance of fish,which may be high-risk areas for illegal,unreported,and unregulated(IUU)1 fishing.The third aim was to calculate the amount of unreported catch from each of the ten highest-risk countries.Scoring was conducted using seven predictor variables,which were identified in the published literature as important,within the forensics of IUU fishing,for identifying the“IUU or unreported catch risk”of each provenance.The unreported catch(UC)2 for the highest scoring provenances(1–10)was calculated after risk scoring.The highest and second highest scoring provenances,30 and 67,had 39.8%and 41.55%UC,respectively;Provenance 79,which had the tenth highest risk score,had 6.9%UC.Linear regression analysis showed a non-significant association between the size of the exclusive economic zone and UC.Number of commercial spp.was the greatest indicator of UC.The analysis showed that for every unit increase in the number of different commercial spp.available,there was an increase of 5.28 units in the percentage of UC.Mean provenance risk scores and percentage of UC were linearly related.There was a 79.4%decrease in the mean risk scores between provenances 1–5 and 6–10;a decrease was also observed in the UC between the two groups(33.7%and 15.5%,respectively).The proposed scoring method appears to be a good predictor of UC,with a clear association between th

关键词： Illegal fishing Seafood safety Parasites Australian biosecurity Seafood inspection

Effects of fencing on vegetation and soil restoration in a degraded alkaline grassland in northeast China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第4期6卷 478-487页

作者： Qiang LI DaoWei ZHOU YingHua JIN MinLing WANG YanTao SONG GuangDi LI Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Science Northeast Normal University graham centre for agricultural innovation New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University

In order to restore a degraded alkaline grassland, the local government implemented a large restoration project using fences in Changling county, Jilin province, China, in 2000. Grazing was excluded from the protected area, whereas the grazed area was continuously grazed at 8.5 dry sheep equivalent（DSE）/hm2. In the current research, soil and plant samples were taken from grazed and fenced areas to examine changes in vegetation and soil properties in 2005, 2006 and 2008. Results showed that vegetation characteristics and soil properties improved significantly in the fenced area compared with the grazed area. In the protected area the vegetation cover, height and above- and belowground biomass increased significantly. Soil pH, electrical conductivity and bulk density decreased significantly, but soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration increased greatly in the protected area. By comparing the vegetation and soil characteristics with pre-degraded grassland, we found that vegetation can recover 6 years after fencing, and soil pH can be restored 8 years after fencing. However, the restoration of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations needed 16, 30 and 19 years, respectively. It is recommended that the stocking rate should be reduced to 1/3 of the current carrying capacity, or that a grazing regime of 1-year of grazing followed by a 2-year rest is adopted to sustain the current status of vegetation and soil resources. However, if N fertilizer is applied, the rest period could be shortened, depending on the rate of application.

关键词： vegetation and soil restoration fencing grazing alkaline soil semi arid region grassland degradation

Effects of vegetation height and density on soil temperature variations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第8期58卷 907-912页

作者： SONG YanTao ZHOU DaoWei ZHANG HongXiang LI GuangDi JIN YingHua LI Qiang Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal University Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences graham centre for agricultural innovation (alliance between Industry&Investment NSW and Charles Sturt University) Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute

Reduction in vegetation cover caused by human activities has a great impact on soil temperature. It is important to assess how soil temperature responds to reduction of vegetation height and density. In this paper we first report the trends of mean annual soil surface and air temperatures recorded at the meteorological stations near the Ecological Research Station for Grassland Farming (ERSGF) from 1961 to 2007, then we setup an experiment using reed (Phragmites australis) stalks with different heights and densities to simulate effects of different vegetation height and density on soil and air temperatures. The warming rates of the mean annual soil and air temperatures were 0.043 and 0.041C a 1 , respectively. Changes of soil temperature were characterized by both increased mean annual maximum and minimum soil temperatures. At the experimental site, mean daily temperature, mean daily maximum soil and air temperatures increased significantly. In contrast, mean daily minimum soil temperature increased significantly while mean daily minimum air temperature decreased significantly as the height and density of reed stalks reduced during the experimental period. Mean diurnal soil temperature ranges were smaller than mean diurnal air temperature ranges. These results highlight that the importance of vegetation cover on soil and air temperatures.

关键词：土壤温度植被高度密度空气温度气温记录植被覆盖实验场地温度范围