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Physical exercise and traumatic brain injury: is it question of time?

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第3期19卷 475-476页

作者： Valentina Mastrorilli stefano Farioli Vecchioli Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyNational Research Council(IBBC/CNR)MonterotondoRomeItaly Plaisant s.r.l. RomeItaly

Is it better to be safe than sorry?This Hamletic dilemma has always stimulated medical-scientific debates in numerous fields of biomedicine.And among these,the preventive-therapeutic approach to the treatment of brain trauma is one of the most striking examples.Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a leading cause of brain damage among young and elderly populations with a very high hospitalization and death rate.TBI is characterized by two pathologically distinct but strictly consequential phases:a first characterized by an immediate and highly variable mechanical dysfunction of the brain tissue,which involves widespread cell death and tissue degeneration,followed by a second phase which can last from days to even years depending on the severity of the TBI and the patient’s pre-existing health status.secondary processes,including inflammatory phenomena,oxidative stress associated with metabolic,vascular,and neuro-modulatory deficits,are very often responsible for neuro-motor and psychological deficits leading to long-term disabilities(Kaur and sharma,2018).

关键词： injury striking modulator

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.Mcleod Brad s.Currier Caroline V.lowisz stuart M.Phillips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(rT)and individual rT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following Preferred reporting Items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PrIsMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing rT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 years.results:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria.The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were generated.We found that rT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).rT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted rT-induced increases in muscular strength.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that rT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of rT load impacting skeletal muscle mass.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of rT prescription variables on physical function.Conclusion:Overall,rT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no exercise.rT intensity(load)and weekly frequency impacted rT-

关键词： Hypertrophy resistance training resistance training prescription variables strength Umbrella review

The Consistency of lsE Estimators in Partial linear regression Models under Mixing random Errors

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 2024年第5期40卷 1244-1272页

作者： Yun Bao YAO Yu Tan lÜ Chao lU Wei WANG Xue Jun WANG school of Mathematical sciences Anhui UniversityHefei 230601P.R.China school of Big data and Artificial Intelligence Chizhou UniversityChizhou 247000P.R.China school of Big data and statistics Anhui UniversityHefei 230601P.R.China

In this paper,we consider the partial linear regression model y_(i)=x_(i)β^(*)+g(ti)+ε_(i),i=1,2,...,n,where(x_(i),ti)are known fixed design points,g(·)is an unknown function,andβ^(*)is an unknown parameter to be estimated,random errorsε_(i)are(α,β)-mix_(i)ng random variables.The p-th(p>1)mean consistency,strong consistency and complete consistency for least squares estimators ofβ^(*)and g(·)are investigated under some mild conditions.In addition,a numerical simulation is carried out to study the finite sample performance of the theoretical results.Finally,a real data analysis is provided to further verify the effect of the model.

关键词： (α,β)-mixing random variables partial linear regression model least squares estimator consistency

survey on Fake Information Generation,Dissemination and Detection

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第3期33卷 573-583页

作者： Wanqiu CUI Dawei WANG Na HAN school of National security People's Public Security University of China Big data Center of The Ministry of Public security

The current booming development of the Internet has put the public in an era of information overload,in which false information is mixed and spread unscrupulously.This phenomenon has seriously disturbed the social network order.Thus,a substantial amount of research is beginning to be devoted to the effective management of fake information.We analyze the abnormal characteristics of fake information from its mechanism of generation and dissemination.In view of different exceptional features,we systematically sort out and evaluate the existing studies on false content detection.The commonly used public datasets,metrics,and performance are categorized and compared,hoping to provide a basis and guidance for related research.The study found that the current active social platforms show different novelty.The future direction should point to mining platform features of multi-domain sources,multi-data forms,and multi-language heterogeneity to provide more valuable clues for fake information.

关键词： Fake information Abnormal characteristics Detection methods Public datasets

Exploring the effects of dietary inulin in rainbow trout fed a high‑starch,100%plant‑based diet

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 713-732页

作者： raphaël Defaix Jep lokesh laura Frohn Mickael le Bechec Thierry Pigot Vincent Veron Anne surget sandra Biasutti Frederic Terrier sandrine skiba-Cassy Jerome roy stephane Panserat Karine ricaud Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de l’Adour E2S UPPAINRAENUMEASaint‑Pee‑Sur‑NivelleFrance Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de l’Adour E2S UPPACNRSIMT Mines AlesIPREMPauFrance Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de l’Adour E2S UPPAIUT des Pays de l’AdourDepartement Genie BiologiqueMont de MarsanFrance.

Background High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)but may affect growth and health.Inulin,a prebiotic,could have nutritional and metabolic effects,along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts,improving growth and welfare.We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100%plant-based diet,which is a viable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds.In a two-factor design,we examined the impact of inulin(2%)as well as the variation in the carbohydrates(CHO)/plant protein ratio on rainbow trout.We assessed the influence of these factors on zootechnical parameters,plasma metabolites,gut microbiota,production of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,as well as the expression of free-fatty acid receptor genes in the mid-intestine,intermediary liver metabolism,and immune markers in a 12-week feeding trial.results The use of 2%inulin did not significantly change the fish intestinal microbiota,but interestingly,the high CHO/protein ratio group showed a change in intestinal microbiota and in particular the beta diversity,with 21 bacterial genera affected,including ralstonia,Bacillus,and 11 lactic-acid producing bacteria.There were higher levels of butyric,and valeric acid in groups fed with high CHO/protein diet but not with inulin.The high CHO/protein group showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines(il1b,il8,and tnfa)in liver and a lower expression of the genes coding for tight-junction proteins in mid-intestine(tjp1a and tjp3).However,the 2%inulin did not modify the expression of plasma immune markers.Finally,inulin induced a negative effect on rainbow trout growth performance irrespective of the dietary carbohydrates.Conclusions With a 100%plant-based diet,inclusion of high levels of carbohydrates could be a promising way for fish nutrition in aquaculture through a protein sparing effect whereas the supplementation of 2%inulin does not appear to improve the use of CHO when combined with a 100%plant-based diet.

关键词： Aquaculture Fish nutrition Gut microbiota Immune markers Intermediary metabolism Inulin Prebiotic rainbow trout short-chain fatty acids

MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic stretchablesensors: Design, Properties, and Applications

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Nano-Micro letters 2024年第7期16卷 295-342页

作者： Poushali Das Parham Khoshbakht Marvi sayan Ganguly Xiaowu(shirley)Tang Bo Wang seshasai srinivasan Amin reza rajabzadeh Andreas rosenkranz school of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University1280 Main Street WestHamiltonON L8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology(WIN) University of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooONCanada Centre for Eye and Vision research(CEVr) 17W Hong Kong Science ParkShatinHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Chair of Functional Materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSaarland UniversitySaarbruckenGermany W Booth school of Engineering Practice and Technology McMaster University1280 Main Street WestHamiltonON L8S 4L7Canada Department for Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and MaterialsUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile

Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces.One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials.MXenes,a new family of 2D nanomaterials,have been draw-ing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conduc-tivity,processability,mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.In this review,we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites,their structure-property relationship,and applications in the flexible sensor domain.Moreover,our discussion is not only lim-ited to sensor design,their mechanism,and various modes of sensing platform,but also their future perspective and market throughout the world.With our article,we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.

关键词： Flexible sensor 2D nanomaterials MXene Wearable and conductive Applications

On the Pathwise Uniqueness of solutions of One-dimensional reflected stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae sinica 2024年第1期40卷 149-163页

作者： Hua Zhang school of statistics and data science&Key laboratory of data science in Finance and Economics Jiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang330013China

In this paper, we are concerned with the problem of the pathwise uniqueness of one-dimensional reflected stochastic differential equations with jumps under the assumption of non-lipschitz continuous coefficients whose... 详细信息

关键词： reflected diffusion processes with jumps pathwise uniqueness local time Meyer It?'s formula

Therapeutic advances in neural regeneration for Huntington’s disease

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第9期19卷 1991-1997页

作者： Francesco D’Egidio Vanessa Castelli Giorgia lombardozzi Fabrizio Ammannito Annamaria Cimini Michele d’Angelo Department of life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly

Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion mutation of a cytosine-adenine-guanine triplet in the exon 1 of the HTT gene which is responsible for the production of the huntingtin (Htt) protein. In physiological conditions, Htt is involved in many cellular processes such as cell signaling, transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism regulation, DNA maintenance, axonal trafficking, and antiapoptotic activity. When the genetic alteration is present, the production of a mutant version of Htt (mHtt) occurs, which is characterized by a plethora of pathogenic activities that, finally, lead to cell death. Among all the cells in which mHtt exerts its dangerous activity, the GABAergic Medium spiny Neurons seem to be the most affected by the mHtt-induced excitotoxicity both in the cortex and in the striatum. However, as the neurodegeneration proceeds ahead the neuronal loss grows also in other brain areas such as the cerebellum, hypothalamus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra, determining the variety of symptoms that characterize Huntington’s disease. From a clinical point of view, Huntington’s disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms spanning from motor impairment to cognitive disorders and dementia. Huntington’s disease shows a prevalence of around 3.92 cases every 100,000 worldwide and an incidence of 0.48 new cases every 100,000/year. To date, there is no available cure for Huntington’s disease. several treatments have been developed so far, aiming to reduce the severity of one or more symptoms to slow down the inexorable decline caused by the disease. In this context, the search for reliable strategies to target the different aspects of Huntington’s disease become of the utmost interest. In recent years, a variety of studies demonstrated the detrimental role of neuronal loss in Huntington’s disease condition highlighting how the replacement of lost cells would be a reasonable strategy to overcome the neurodegeneration. In this view, num

关键词： cell therapy exosomes extracellular vesicles Huntingtin Huntington’s disease medium spiny neurons neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis neuronal loss stem cells

Orchard sports Injury and Illness Classification system (OsIICs) Version 15

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第4期13卷 599-604页

作者： John W.Orchard Ebonie rio Kay M.Crossley Jessica J.Orchard Margo Mountjoy school of Public Health University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia la Trobe sport and Exercise Medicine research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia Department of Family Medicine McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

Background:sports medicine(injury and illnesses)requires distinct coding systems because the International Classification of Diseases is insuf-ficient for sports medicine coding.The Orchard sports Injury and Illness Classification system(OsIICs)is one of two sports medicine coding systems recommended by the International Olympic Committee.regular updates of coding systems are required.Methods:For Version 15,updates for mental health conditions in athletes,sports cardiology,concussion sub-types,infectious diseases,and skin and eye conditions were considered particularly important.results:recommended codes were added from a recent International Olympic Committee consensus statement on mental health conditions in athletes.Two landmark sports cardiology papers were used to update a more comprehensive list of sports cardiology codes.rugby union protocols on head injury assessment were used to create additional concussion codes.Conclusion:It is planned that OsIICs Version 15 will be translated into multiple new languages in a timely fashion to facilitate international accessibility.The large number of recently published sport-specific and discipline-specific consensus statements on athlete surveillance warrant regular updating of OsIICs.

关键词： sports cardiology Dermatology Eye injuries Concussion Infectious diseases sports injury classification