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Avian Community Density and Distribution Patterns among Nicaraguan Conventional and Organic Shade-Coffee Plantations

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 27-53页

作者： Wayne J. Arendt R. Cary Tuckfield Juan Carlos Martínez-Sánchez Jennifer L. Reidy Frank R. Thompson III Joseph M. Wunderle Jr. José Manuel Zolotoff USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry Sabana Field Research Station Luquillo PR USA ecostatys llc Aiken SC USA Fundación Cocibolca Managua Nicaragua Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA North Central Research Station 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building University of Missouri Columbia MO USA

We used a distance-sampling survey method and multivariate statistics to obtain a unique estimate of bird species density and seasonal variation in shade-coffee plantations. Our aim was to determine which cultivation practices among plantations contribute most to bird abundance. We conducted avian species counts at 200 points distributed across 10 shade-coffee plantations bordering the lower slopes of the Mombacho Volcano Natural Reserve, in western Nicaragua. We measured vegetation structure (coffee plants and overstory). We used principal components analysis (PCA) among 14 habitat variables to derive a single phyto-geoclimate summary measure (PGSM). We also used PCA to derive an avian abundance summary measure (AASM) from three bird survey variables, which proved to be a good predictor of bird density. We found higher bird species densities (AASM) in organic and traditional polyculture shade coffee plantations whose structurally complex and diverse overstory could be verified by PGSM. However, this finding was true only for birds that were habitat specialists. Our results provide further evidence for promoting organic coffee cultivation practices that maintain a structurally diverse overstory and help retain avian species richness and abundance in coffee plantations.

关键词： Bird Density Coffee Cultivation Practices Monoculture Organic Polyculture Spatial Distribution Species Richness

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