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Thermodynamic analysis of metal segregation in dual phase high entropy ceramics

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 889-895页

作者： Steven M.Smith II William G.Fahrenholtz Gregory E.Hilmas Stefano Curtarolo Missouri University of Science and Technology Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentRollaMO65409USA duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDurhamNC27708USA duke University Center of Autonomous Materials DesignDurhamNC27708USA

Equilibrium Gibbs'free energy calculations were used to determine metal segregation trends between boride and carbide solid solutions containing two metals that are relevant to dual phase high entropy *** model predicted that Ti had the strongest tendency to segregate to the boride phase followed by Zr,Nb,Mo,V,Hf,and Ta,which matches experimental results of measured *** ratio of a metal in the carbide phase to the content of the same metal in the corresponding metal boride had a linear trend with the change in standard Gibbs'free energy of reaction for a metal carbide reacting with B_(4)C to produce its corresponding metal boride and *** proposed model was used to predict the changes in standard Gibbs'free energy for CrC→CrB_(2) to be−260 kJ and WC→WB_(2) to be 148 kJ,which indicates that Cr has the strongest segregation to the boride and W has the strongest segregation to the *** proposed model can be used to estimate the segregation of metals in dual phase high entropy boride-carbide ceramics of any boride/carbide ratio or metal content.

关键词： Dual phase High entropy ceramic Boride Carbide Thermodynamics

Downstaging strategies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2731-2733页

作者： Georgia Sofia Karachaliou Nikolaos Dimitrokallis Dimitrios P Moris Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States First Department of Surgery&Organ Transplant Unit Evangelismos General HospitalAthens 10676Greece Department of Surgery Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States

A significant number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are usually diagnosed in advanced stages,that leads to inability to achieve *** options are focusing on downstaging a locally advanced *** is wellsupported in the literature that patients with HCC who undergo successful conversion therapy followed by curative-intent surgery may achieve a significant survival benefit compared to those who receive chemotherapy alone or those who are successfully downstaged with conversion therapy but not treated with *** artery infusion chemotherapy can be a potential downstaging strategy,since recent studies have demonstrated excellent outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastatic disease as well as primary liver malignancies.

关键词： Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy Downstaging Hepatocellular carcinoma

Time to say goodbye: from Barcelona to Milan and the modern management of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 548-550页

作者： Georgia Sofia Karachaliou Nikolaos Dimitrokallis Dimitrios Moris Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA st Department of Surgery&Organ Transplant Unit Evangelismos General HospitalAthensGreece Department of Surgery Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver malignancy and one of the most common causes of cancer-related death with the projection to increase during the next few decades(1).During the last 3 decades,several staging systems have been introduced for the stratification of the prognosis and management of HCC of all *** is no consensus regarding the universal implementation of one staging system since all the proposed classifications have limitations(2).The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)Staging System remains the most widely classification system used for HCC management guidelines that incorporates tumor size,presence of metastatic disease,portal hypertension,Child-Turcotte-Pugh score,total bilirubin and performance ***,it does not account for tumoral behavior,and it is very“conservative”(restrictive)regarding resectability,especially for BCLC-B patients who might benefit from surgical management(3,4).Recent advances in systemic and locoregional therapies have led to changes in many guidelines regarding systemic therapy,as well as the possibility for downstaging patients to undergo surgery or transplant with curative intent.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC) tumor burden score

Innovative pathways allow safe discharge of mild acute pancreatitis from the emergency room

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1475-1479页

作者： Darshan J Kothari Sunil G Sheth Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710United States Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a leading cause of gastrointestinal-related hospitalizations in the United States,resulting in 300000 admissions per year with an estimated cost of over$2.6 billion *** severity of AP is determined by the presence of pancreatic complications and end-organ *** moderate/severe pancreatitis can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality,the majority of patients have a mild presentation with an uncomplicated course and mortality rate of less than 2%.Despite favorable outcomes,the majority of mild AP patients are admitted,contributing to healthcare cost and *** this Editorial we review the performance of an emergency department(ED)pathway for patients with mild AP at a tertiary care center with the goal of reducing hospitalizations,resource utilization,and costs after several years of implementation of the *** discuss the clinical course and outcomes of mild AP patients enrolled in the pathway who were successfully discharged from the ED compared to those who were admitted to the hospital,and identify predictors of successful ED discharge to select patients who can potentially be triaged to the *** conclude that by implementing innovative clinical pathways which are established and reproducible,selected AP patients can be safely discharged from the ED,reducing hospitalizations and healthcare costs,without compromising clinical *** also identify a subset of patients most likely to succeed in this pathway.

关键词： Emergency department Mild pancreatitis Pathways Hospitalization Predictors

Greenhouse gas emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic from agriculture in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第3期11卷 409-427页

作者： Jianing TIAN Chuanhui GU Yanchao BAI Division of Natural and Applied Sciences Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316China Environmental Research center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215311China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural carbon emissions in China,the greenhouse gas emissions generated by crop and livestock production,and agricultural material and energy inputs in China from 2019 to 2021 were systematically *** was found that from 2019 to 2021,Net greenhouse gas emissions(NGHGE)from agriculture in China had an increasing *** emissions ranked first in NGHGE,with an annual proportion exceeding 65%and an increasing annual ***_(4)emissions were primarily influenced by enteric fermentation and rice *** oxide emissions accounted for around 22%of annual NGHGE and decreased from 2019 to *** main sources of N_(2)O emissions were the use of nitrogen fertilizers and manure *** dioxide emissions accounted for about 18%annually,with diesel and agricultural electricity use contributing to over 60%of CO_(2)*** carbon sequestration represented about a 6.1%lowering of *** combined proportion of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and rice production accounted for over 50%of total GHG *** changes in NGHGE were mainly caused by disturbance of the livestock industry during the pandemic.

关键词： Agricultural systems emission factors greenhouse gases soil carbon sequestration

Subsequent total joint arthroplasty: Are we learning from the first stage?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 230-237页

作者： Christine Jiang Wu Colin Penrose Sean Patrick Ryan Michael Paul Bolognesi Thorsten Markus Seyler Samuel Secord Wellman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Midwest Center for Joint ReplacementIndianapolisIN 46241United States

BACKGROUND With the increasing incidence of total joint arthroplasty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce peri-operative complications and resource *** degenerative conditions progress in multiple joints,many patients undergo multiple *** To determine if both physicians and patients learn from the patient’s initial arth-roplasty,resulting in improved outcomes following the second *** The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary total hip arth-roplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Patients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and patients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were *** demographics,comorbidities,and implant sizes were collected at the time of each procedure and patients were stratified by first vs second *** metrics evaluated included operative time,length of stay(LOS),disposition,90-d readmissions and emergency department(ED)*** A total of 642 patients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were *** was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the first and second procedure,which were separated by a mean of 285 *** THA and TKA,LOS was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of patients having a shorter hospitalization(P<0.001).THA patients had significantly decreased operative time only when the same sized implant was utilized(P=0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of patients were discharged to the same type of location following their second ***,when a change in disposition was present from the first surgery,patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second procedure(P=0.033).There was no difference between procedures for post-operative readmissions(P=0.438)or ED visits(P=0.915).CONCLUSION After gaining valuable experience recovering from the initial surgery,a patient’s perioperative outcomes are improved for their second *** may

关键词： Staged total joint arthroplasty Asynchronous total joint arthroplasty Subsequent total joint arthroplasty Contralateral total joint arthroplasty Perioperative outcomes

Advancing the National Immunization Program in an era of achieving universal vaccine coverage in China and beyond

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-5页

作者： Chen Shu Rodewald Lance E. Heng Du Anna Tang Shenglan ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR) University of New South Wales Sydney Australia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South Wales Sydney Australia Department of the National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Immunization Program China CDC Beijing China China Country Office Bill &amp Melinda Gates Foundation Beijing China duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham NC USA Global Health Research center Duke Kunshan University No. Duke Avenue Kunshan Jiangsu China SingHealth duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUS Singapore Singapore

Background Immunization is a cornerstone of public health. Despite great success, China’s National Immunization Program (NIP) faces challenges, such as the integration of several World Health Organization-recommended vaccines and other systemic issues. The Innovation Laboratory for Vaccine Delivery Research (VaxLab), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and established in 2021 at duke Kunshan University, focuses on enhancing China’s NIP through research and policy advocacy. This editorial aims to summarize the key findings of the manuscripts published in the collection contributed by VaxLab team and set the future research *** findings The collection contains eleven manuscripts discussing China’s immunization landscape and strategies to improve coverage, particularly for non-NIP vaccines like human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV),Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), and rotavirus vaccines. Key findings include: (i) The COVID-19 vaccination campaign demonstrated China’s capacity for rapid, large-scale immunization efforts, suggesting potential for broader vaccine coverage improvements; (ii) Efforts in combating cervical cancer through the HPV vaccine indicate progress but also highlight challenges like vaccine supply and equitable access; (iii) The lag in adopting higher-valent paediatric combination vaccines in China needs attention to address regulatory and health system hurdles; (iv) Disparities in access to non-NIP vaccines underscore the need for government initiatives to improve vaccine coverage, especially for remote areas and marginalized populations; (v) Original studies emphasize the influence of caregivers’ knowledge, health workers’ financial incentives, and concerns about vaccine efficacy on immunization rates; (vi) Case studies from the Weifang City of China and Indonesia to introduce PCV offer insights on successful vaccine introduction strategies and the impact of innovative financing and g

关键词： National Immunization Program New vaccine introduction Universal vaccine coverage Health system strengthening

Tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography with applications to muscle tissue imaging

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 50-60页

作者： Shiqi Xu Xi Yang Paul Ritter Xiang Dai Kyung Chul Lee Lucas Kreiss Kevin C.Zhou Kanghyun Kim Amey Chaware Jadee Neff Carolyn Glass Seung Ah Lee Oliver Friedrich Roarke Horstmeyer duke University DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenGermany UC San Diego La JollaCaliforniaUnited States Yonsei University SeoulRepublic of Korea UC Berkeley BerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States duke University Medical center DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States

We report tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography(T^(2)oFu),a nonscanning label-free tomographic microscopy method for simultaneous imaging of quantitative phase and anisotropic specimen information in *** upon Fourier ptychography,a quantitative phase imaging technique,T^(2)oFu additionally highlights the vectorial nature of *** imaging setup consists of a standard microscope equipped with an LED matrix,a polarization generator,and a polarization-sensitive *** tensors of anisotropic samples are computationally recovered from polarized intensity measurements across three *** demonstrate T^(2)oFu’s efficiency through volumetric reconstructions of refractive index,birefringence,and orientation for various validation samples,as well as tissue samples from muscle fibers and diseased heart *** reconstructions of healthy muscle fibers reveal their 3D fine-filament structures with consistent ***,we demonstrate reconstructions of a heart tissue sample that carries important polarization information for detecting cardiac amyloidosis.

关键词： computational imaging three-dimensional imaging phase retrieval microscopy polarization-sensitive imaging labelfree imaging

Promoting higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China: challenges and recommendations for action

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 74-84页

作者： Jiuling Li Shu Chen dwin Asturias Shenglan Tang Fuqiang Cui Global Health Research center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanJiangsuChina ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research(CEPAR) Universityof New SouthWalesSydneyAustralia School of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA center for Global Health Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA SingHealth duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUSSingaporeSingapore Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Vaccine Research center School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social ***,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combina-tion *** reviewing and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data,in this commentary we identify gaps and challenges to combination vaccine use and make recommendations for promoting use of higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in *** are in four dimensions:(1)legislation and regulation,(2)immunization schedule design,(3)vaccine awareness and price,and(4)research and development *** optimize the use of combination vaccines to reduce vaccine-preventable disease burden,we make recommendations that address key challenges:(1)develop policies and regulations to strengthen enforcement of the Vaccine Administration Law and remove regulatory hurdles that hinder combination vaccine research and development,(2)establish an evi-dence-informed policy-making mechanism for combination vaccines,(3)resolve immunization schedule conflicts between monovalent and combination vaccines,and(4)implement effective interventions to increase vaccine awareness and reduce price.

关键词： Combination vaccine National immunization program Childhood immunization Vaccine-preventable disease