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Development of a stable attenuated double-mutant of tobacco mosaic virus for cross-protection

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2318-2331页

作者： Xiaojie Xu Shaoyan Jiang Chunju Liu Xujie Sun Qing Zhu Xiuzhai Chen Pengchao Jiang Fenglong Wang Yanping Tian Xiangdong Li The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China Laboratory of Plant virology Department of Plant PathologyCollege of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018China Weifang Tobacco Corporation Weifang 261031China Linyi Tobacco Corporation Linyi 276000China Tobacco Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101China

Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)are two major economic crops in *** mosaic virus(TMV;genus Tobamovirus)is the most prevalent virus infecting both ***,some widely cultivated tobacco and tomato cultivars are susceptible to TMV and there is no effective strategy to control this ***-protection can be a safe and environmentally friendly strategy to prevent viral ***,stable attenuated TMV mutants are *** this study,we found that the substitutions in the replicase p126,arginine at position 196(R^(196))with aspartic acid(D),glutamic acid at position 614(E^(614))with glycine(G),serine at position 643(S^(643))with phenylalanine(F),or D at position 730(D^(730))with S,significantly reduced the virulence and replication of ***,only the mutation of S^(643) to F reduced the RNA silencing suppression activity of TMV p126.A double-mutant TMV-E614G-S643F induced no visible symptom and was genetically stable through six successive passages in tobacco ***,our results showed that TMV-E614G-S643F double-mutant could provide effective protection against the wild-type TMV infection in tobacco and tomato *** study reports a promising mild mutant for cross-protection to control TMV in tobacco and tomato plants.

关键词： cross-protection double-mutant p126 tobacco mosaic virus virulence

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AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 antibody synergistically sensitize hepatoma to radiotherapy

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第2期137卷 222-231页

作者： Yichun Yin Jian Wang Junxuan Yi Kaiyue Zhang Zimeng Yin Shunzi Jin Baisong Zheng Public Health of College Jilin UniversityJilinChangchun 130021China Institute of virology and AIDS Research The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilinChangchun 130021China NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology(Jilin University) JilinChangchun 130021China

Background:Radiation(IR)-induced DNA damage triggers cell cycle arrest and has a suppressive effect on the tumor microenvironment(TME).Wee1,a cell cycle regulator,can eliminate G2/M arrest by phosphorylating cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1).Meanwhile,programed death-1/programed death ligand-1(PD-1/PDL-1)blockade is closely related to *** study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 antibody(anti-PD-1 Ab)on radiosensitization of ***:The anti-tumor activity of AZD1775 and IR was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay on human and mouse hepatoma cells HepG2,Hepa1-6,and *** anti-hepatoma mechanism of AZD1775 and IR revealed by flow cytometry and Western blot in vitro.A hepatoma subcutaneous xenograft mice model was constructed on Balb/c mice,which were divided into control group,IR group,AZD1775 group,IR+AZD1775 group,IR+anti-PD-1 Ab group,and the IR+AZD1775+anti-PD-1 Ab *** CD8^(+)T cells in TME were analyzed by flow ***:Combining IR with AZD1775 synergistically reduced the viability of hepatoma cells in ***1775 exhibited antitumor effects by decreasing CDK1 phosphorylation to reverse the IR-induced G2/M arrest and increasing IR-induced DNA ***1775 treatment also reduced the proportion of PD-1^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in the spleen of hepatoma subcutaneous xenograft *** studies revealed that AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 Ab could enhance the radiosensitivity of hepatoma by enhancing the levels of interferonγ(IFNγ)^(+)or Ki67^(+)CD8 T cells and decreasing the levels of CD8^(+)Tregs cells in the tumor and spleen of the hepatoma mice model,indicating that the improvement of TME was manifested by increasing the cytotoxic factor IFNγexpression,enhancing CD8^(+)T cells proliferation,and weakening CD8^(+)T cells ***:This work suggests that AZD1775 and anti-PD-1 Ab synergistically sensitize hepatoma to radiothera

关键词： Hepatoma Radiation AZD1775 Anti-PD-1 antibody DNA damage Tumor microenvironment

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Molecular Characterization of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (Gist) and Contribution of Immunohistochemistry in Congolese from Kinshasa

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期14卷 109-116页

作者： Rive Lukuaku Jérémie Okumadi Fabrice Bokambandja Andy Mbangama Vincent Mbatu Georges Mvumbi Jean-Louis Mumbere David Azako Serge Pezo Dieudonné Mvumbi Faculty of Medicine Bel Campus Technological University Kinshasa DR Congo department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo department of Gyneco-Obstetrics University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Molecular Biology department Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Institute of Medical Immunology Free University of Brussels Ixelles Belgium

Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (drC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly verified for GISTs whose precise, or at least highly certain, diagnosis can only be made using immunohistochemical markers. This underuse of these techniques due to lack of equipment and human skills explains the limited epidemiological data available to date, thus leading to untargeted and too often late treatment of patients. Research question: What contribution can immunohistochemical markers make to the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours? Objective: Discuss the contribution of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of GIST and provide basic data on the epidemiology of these nosological entities in Kinshasa. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out at the LEBOMA private anatomy and pathological cytology centre. The main inclusion criterion was any digestive tract block or slide whose diagnosis of GIST had been requalified after review by at least 2 pathologists. An immuhistochemical study was performed using an automated technique (with a Ventana XT machine) using a panel of antibodies: CD-117 and DOG-1 which are listed in the literature as strongly correlated with the occurrence of GIST, all slides were made at Hj Hospital using an OLYMPUS BX41 co-observation microscope. Results: Of 601 cases of digestive tumors recorded during the concerned period, 32 (5.32%) concerned GIST. This prevalence was confirmed by our immunohistochemical results where the expression of CD117 and that of DOG-1 were positive in 90.6% and 100% of cases which prevalence is high compared with the worldwide prevalence according to the literature, respectively. The distribution of the patients concerned was made with a sex ratio of 1.6 women/men with a median age of 53 years. Most cases (81%) had a gastric location and were fusiform GISTs. Conclusion: Gastro

关键词： Digestive Tumors GIST Immunohistochemistry CD117 DOG-1

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Review of coastal land transformation:Factors,impacts,adaptation strategies,and future scopes

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 167-178页

作者： Md.Abubakkor Siddik Abu Reza Md.Towfiqul Islam dr.Wazed Research and Training Institute Begum Rokeya UniversityRangpur 5404Bangladesh department of Emergency Management Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhali-8602Bangladesh department of Disaster Management Begum Rokeya UniversityRangpur 5404Bangladesh department of Development Studies Daffodil International UniversityDhaka 1216Bangladesh

Coastal land transformation has been identified as a topic of research in many countries around the *** studies have been conducted to determine the causes and impacts of land ***,much less is understood about coupling change detection,factors,impacts,and adaptation strategies for coastal land transformation at a global *** review aims to present a systematic review of global coastal land transformation and its leading research *** 1,741 documents of Scopus and Web of Science,60 studies have been selected using the PRISMA-2020 *** revealed that existing literature included four leading focus areas regarding coastal land transformation:change detection,driving factors,impacts,and adaptation *** focus areas were further analyzed,and it was found that more than 80%of studies used Landsat imagery to detect land *** growth and urbanization were among the major driving factors *** review further identified that about 37%of studies included impact *** studies identified impacts on ecosystems,land surface temperature,migration,water quality,and occupational effects as significant ***,only four studies included adaptation *** review explored the scope of comprehensive research in coastal land transformation,addressing change detection,factor and impact analysis,and mitigation-adaptation *** research also proposes a conceptual framework for comprehensive coastal land transformation *** framework can provide potential decision-making guidance for future studies in coastal land transformation.

关键词： Coastal land transformation Land use and land cover Landsat Population PRISMA

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Advancing orthopaedic trauma care through WhatsApp:An analysis of clinical and non-clinical applications,challenges,and future directions

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 529-538页

作者： Ravi Saini Madhan Jeyaraman Naveen Jeyaraman Vijay Kumar Jain Swaminathan Ramasubramanian Karthikeyan P Iyengar department of Orthopaedics Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical SciencesDr Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew Delhi 110001India department of Orthopaedics ACS Medical College and HospitalDr MGR Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia department of Orthopaedics Government Medical CollegeOmandurar Government EstateChennai 600002Tamil NaduIndia department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Southport and Ormskirk HospitalsMersey and West Lancashire Teaching NHS TrustSouthport PR86PNUnited Kingdom

The integration of WhatsApp,a widely-used instant messaging application(IMA),into the realm of orthopaedics and trauma surgery has emerged as a significant development in recent *** paper explores the multifaceted role of WhatsApp in orthopaedics,focusing on its clinical and non-clinical applications,advantages,disadvantages,and future *** study synthesizes findings from various research papers,emphasizing the growing reliance on mobile technology in ***’s role in orthopaedics is notable for its ease of use,real-time communication,and ***,it facilitates triage,teleconsultation,diagnosis,treatment,patient advice,and post-operative ***-clinically,it supports telemedicine,teleradiology,virtual frac-ture clinics,research,and education in orthopaedic *** application has proven beneficial in enhancing communication among healthcare teams,providing quick responses,and motivating junior *** use in educational settings has been shown to improve learner’s understanding and patient ***,the use of WhatsApp in orthopaedics is not without *** include the potential spread of misleading information,privacy concerns,and issues with image quality affecting diagnosis and treatment *** paper acknowledges the importance of maintaining professional boundaries and the need for oversight measures to ensure content *** forward,the potential of WhatsApp and similar IMAs in orthopaedics lies in their ability to streamline data collection and retrieval,improve doctor-patient communication,and address challenges like bureaucratic red tape and limited *** paper suggests that future orthopaedic practice,particularly in emergency departments,will increasingly rely on such technologies for efficient patient *** shift,however,must be approached with an understanding of the ethical,legal,and practical implications of integrating social media and mobile

关键词： Social media WhatsApp Orthopaedics Trauma Research

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Advancements and applications of position-sensitive detector(PSD): a review

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第6期20卷 330-338页

作者： Shaher Dwik G.Sasikala S.Natarajan department of Electronics&Communication Engineering School of Electrical&CommunicationVel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai 600062India department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of ComputingAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamChennai 601103India1

This paper presents a review of the position-sensitive detector(PSD) sensor, covering different types of PSD and recent works related to this field. Furthermore, it explains the theoretical concepts and provides information about its structure and principles of operation. Moreover, it includes the main information about the available commercial PSDs from different companies, along with a comparison between the common modules. The PSD features include high position resolution, fast response, and a wide dynamic range. These features make it suitable for various fields and applications, such as imaging, spectrometry, spectroscopy and others.

关键词： Advancements and applications of position-sensitive detector a review PSD

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Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management Strategies

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1569-1598页

作者： Sumit Sow Shivani Ranjan Mahmoud F.Seleiman Hiba M.Alkharabsheh Mukesh Kumar Navnit Kumar Smruti Ranjan Padhan Dhirendra Kumar Roy Dibyajyoti Nath Harun Gitari Daniel O.Wasonga department of Agronomy Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India department of Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia department of Crop Sciences Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia UniversityShibin El-Kom32514Egypt department of Water Resources and Environmental Management Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyAl Balqa Applied UniversitySalt19117Jordan Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstitutePusa CampusNew Delhi110012India department of Soil Science Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India department of Agricultural Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesKenyatta UniversityNairobi43844Kenya department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy,and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agri-cultural *** the tremendous increase in population,the demand for food and employment has also increased signiﬁ*** methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer ade-quate,requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical *** of technologies such as the Internet of Things,wireless communication,machine learning,artiﬁcial intelligence(AI),and deep learning shows promise in addressing these ***,there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efﬁ*** address this gap,a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed,Scopus,Goo-gle Scholar,Web of Science,and Science Direct for relevant *** of 327 initially identiﬁed articles,180 were deemed pertinent,focusing primarily on AI’s potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients,water,and *** into account researchﬁndings worldwide,we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and deter-mine the best time for irrigation or herbicide *** present status of AI-driven automation in agricul-ture holds signiﬁcant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste,particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management,i.e.,nutrient,irrigation,and weed management.

关键词： Agriculture artiﬁcial intelligence crop management nutrient irrigation weed management resource use efﬁciency

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Disulfiram ameliorates STING/MITA-dependent inflammation and autoimmunity by targeting RNF115

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 275-291页

作者： Zhi-Dong Zhang Chang-Rui Shi Fang-Xu Li Hu Gan Yanhong Wei Qianhui Zhang Xin Shuai Min Chen Yu-Lin Lin Tian-Chen Xiong Xiaoqi Chen Bo Zhong Dandan Lin department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Medical Research InstituteFrontier Science Center of Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China department of virology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China department of Rheumatology and Immunology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China Cancer Center Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430060China

STING(also known as MITA)is an adaptor protein that mediates cytoplasmic DNA-triggered signaling,and aberrant activation of STING/MITA by cytosolic self-DNA or gain-of-function mutations causes severe ***,we show that STING-mediated inflammation and autoimmunity are promoted by RNF115 and alleviated by the RNF115 inhibitor disulfiram(DSF).Knockout of RNF115 or treatment with DSF significantly inhibit systemic inflammation and autoimmune lethality and restore immune cell development in Trex1^(–/–)mice and STING^(N153S/WT) bone marrow chimeric *** addition,knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of RNF115 substantially downregulate the expression of IFN-α,IFN-γand proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)who exhibit high concentrations of dsDNA in peripheral ***,knockout or inhibition of RNF115 impair the oligomerization and Golgi localization of STING in various types of cells transfected with cGAMP and in organs and cells from Trex1^(–/–)***,knockout of RNF115 inhibits the activation and Golgi localization of STINGN153S as well as the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells but not in endothelial cells or *** together,these findings highlight the RNF115-mediated cell type-specific regulation of STING and STINGN153S and provide potential targeted intervention strategies for STING-related autoimmune diseases.

关键词： STING/MITA Disulfiram RNF115 SLE Autoimmunity

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More common RNAemia in the early stage of severe SARS-CoV-2 BF.7.14 infections in pediatric patients

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第1期6卷 5-11页

作者： Yu Sun Runan Zhu Yang Pan Ri De Shuang Liu Liping Jia Bing Lv Xiaoyun Li Dongmei Chen Yao Yao Dong Qu Daitao Zhang Linqing Zhao Laboratory of virology Bejing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in ChildrenCapital Institute of PediatricsBejing 100020China Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control Bejing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100013China department of Intensive Care Unit Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

The risk factors of severe infections in children during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)outbreak in Beijing remain ***‐CoV‐2‐positive children admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)with collected plasma specimens were enrolled and screened for common pathogens using capillary electrophoresis‐based multiplex PCR from December 12,2022,to January 24,*** SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants were identified using next‐generation *** was positive for two(positive;P),one(suspicious;S),or no(negative;N)SARS‐CoV‐2 genes were classified as plasmatic RNA‐positive(RNAemia;P+S)or without RNAemia(N).Clinical and laboratory data of the enrolled cases were then collected and *** 34 enrolled children included 26 males and 24 younger than three *** were negative for other respiratory ***.7.14(18/29)was the predominant *** loads in respiratory specimens,hours from symptom onset to the first respiratory specimen collection(time‐variable),with comorbidities and BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 distributions were significantly different in P vs.N and RNAemia *** RNAemia *** most cases,the T lymphocyte ratios decreased,while the cytokine level and the B lymphocyte ratio *** time variables were 2.22±2.05 and 4.00±2.49 days in BF.7.14 and BA.5.2 infections,*** conclusion,SARS‐CoV‐2 was more likely to cause severe infections among males aged≤3 years old with comorbidities during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in Beijing,while RNAemia is more common in children at the early stage of severe BF.7.14 infections,and most had high cytokine levels and B‐cell activation.

关键词： Severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection Pediatric patients Risk factor RNAemia BF.7.14

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Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alpha-fetoprotein levels as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma and their correlation with radiological characteristics

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第1期15卷 37-43页

作者： Muhammad Ali Qadeer Zaigham Abbas Shaima Amjad Bushra Shahid Abeer Altaf Mehreen Siyal department of Hepatogastroenterology Dr.Ziauddin University Hospital CliftonKarachi 75600Pakistan Medicine Dr.Ziauddin University Hospital CliftonKarachi 75600Pakistan Internal Medicine Dr.Ziauddin University Hospital CliftonKarachi 75600Pakistan

BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),a commonly used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),is normal in up to one-third of *** To evaluate the diagnostic performance of des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin(DCP)alone and in combination with *** In this study,202 patients with radiologically proven HCC were enrolled,and their DCP and AFP levels were evaluated for their diagnostic *** The mean age of the enrolled patients was 58.5 years;72.0%were *** was elevated in 86.6%(n=175)of all patients,100.0%(n=74)of patients with portal vein thrombus,and 87.4%(n=111)of patients with multicentric *** was elevated in 64.3%(n=130)of all the patients,74%(n=55)of the patients with portal vein thrombus,and 71.6%(n=91)of the patients with multicentric HCC(P=0.030,0.001,and 0.015,respectively).In tumors less than 2 cm in size(n=46),DCP was increased in 32(69.5%)patients,and AFP was increased in 25(54.3%)patients(P=0.801).There was good pairing between DCP and AFP for HCCs of 2 cm size or larger(P2 cm was 0.74 for DCP and 0.59 for AFP;combining both markers resulted in an AUROC of *** tumors<2 cm,the AUROC was 0.25 for DCP and 0.40 for *** DCP,as an individual marker,had a better diagnostic performance in many cases of ***,DCP may replace AFP as the primary HCC biomarker.

关键词： Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin Protein induced by vitamin K absence-II Cirrhosis Alpha-fetoprotein Biomarkers Hepatocellular carcinoma Portal vein thrombus

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