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Automatically Identifying Calling-Prone Higher-Order Functions of Scala Programs to Assist Testers

Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2020年第6期35卷 1278-1294页

作者： Yi-Sen Xu Xiang-Yang Jia Fan Wu Lingbo Li Ji-Feng Xuan School of Computer Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Turing intelligence Technology Limited LondonEC2Y 9STU.K.

For the rapid development of internetware, functional programming languages, such as Haskell and Scala, can be used to implement complex domain-specific applications. In functional programming languages, a higher-order function is a function that takes functions as parameters or returns a function. Using higher-order functions in programs can increase the generality and reduce the redundancy of source code. To test a higher-order function, a tester needs to check the requirements and write another function as the test input. However, due to the complex structure of higher-order functions, testing higher-order functions is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. Testers have to spend an amount of manual effort in testing all higher-order functions. Such testing is infeasible if the time budget is limited, such as a period before a project release. In practice, not every higher-order function is actually called. We refer to higher-order functions that are about to be called as calling-prone ones. Calling-prone higher-order functions should be tested first. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach, namely PHOF, which predicts whether a higher-order function of Scala programs will be called in the future, i.e., identifying calling-prone higher-order functions. Our approach can assist testers to reduce the number of higher-order functions of Scala programs under test. In PHOF, we extracted 24 features from source code and logs to train a predictive model based on known higher-order function calls. We empirically evaluated our approach on 4832 higher-order functions from 27 real-world Scala projects. Experimental results show that PHOF based on the random forest algorithm and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique Processing strategy (SMOTE) performs well in the prediction of calls of higher-order functions. Our work can be used to support the scheduling of limited test resources.

关键词： higher-order function testing tool test management Scala program internetware

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The role of modern immunotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer:mini review

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 150-159页

作者： Francesca Jackson-Spence Charlotte Toms Yu-Hsuen Yang Leo Jurascheck Julia Choy Lucy Flanders Bernadett Szabados Thomas Powles Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon EC1M 6BQUK Department of Medical Oncology St Bartholomew’s HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon EC1A 7BEUK

The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has changed the treatment landscape in many aspects of urothelial cancer(UC),in both non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer and has introduced the concept of long-term remission for some patients in the metastatic ***-line chemotherapy remains superior at achieving initial control of disease compared to front-line immune ***,long-term durable responses are limited by chemotherapy *** maintenance approach,sequencing chemotherapy with ICIs,could be considered a best of both worlds approach,achieving initial control with chemotherapy,which is maintained in some individuals with ***,outcomes for patients with metastatic UC remain *** are three steps to improving outcomes for these patients;the first is to develop better drugs and combinations of therapies,the second is the development of novel biomarkers and techniques to better select patients for treatment,and the third area of development is to give the drugs in the most optimal setting.

关键词： Metastatic urothelial cancer bladder cancer immune therapy immune checkpoint inhibitors biomarkers

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A New Interface Identification Technique Based on Absolute Density Gradient for Violent Flows

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第5期115卷 131-147页

作者： Yan Zhou Qingwei Ma School of Mathematics Computer Science and EngineeringCity University LondonNorthampton SquareLondonEC1V 0HB

An identification technique for sharp interface and penetrated isolated particles is developed for simulating two-dimensional,incompressible and immiscible two-phase flows using meshless particle methods in this *** technique is based on the numerically computed density gradient of fluid particles and is suitable for capturing large interface deformation and even topological changes such as merging and breaking up of phases.A number of assumed particle configurations will be examined using the technique,including these with different level of randomness of particle *** tests will show that the new technique can correctly identify almost all the interface and isolated particles,and also show that it is better than other existing popular methods tested.

关键词： Meshless method Particle method two-phase flow interface identification violent flows breaking waves

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Reduced chemistries with the Quantemol database (QDB)

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 38-51页

作者： Adetokunbo AYIlaRAN Martin HANICINec Sebastian MOHR Jonathan TENNYSON Quantemol Ltd 320 City Rd London EC1V 2NZ United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom

Typical feed gas mixtures used in technological and other plasmas may give rise to reaction networks involving several hundred *** chemistries are often too large to be used in full reactor simulations and it is therefore desirable to construct reduced chemistry networks which mimic as closely as possible the behavior of the full chemistry but employ far fewer individual reactions and *** chemistries are available from the Quantemol database (QDB) and two approaches to constructing reduced chemistry from these chemistries based on (a) physical intuition and (b) sensitivity analysis of dominant reaction pathways,are *** doing this it is necessary to consider different pressure and power *** chemistry sets are presented for CF4/O2/N2/H2,for which 396 reactions and 52 species are reduced to 71 reactions and 26 species,and for pure O2,for which 45 reactions and 10 species are reduced to 34 reactions.

关键词： plasma chemistries quantemol database chemical reactions chemistry reduction stoichiometry

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Through-needle all-optical ultrasound imaging in vivo: a preclinical swine study

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 70-76页

作者： Malcolm C Finlay Charles A Mosse Richard J Colchester Sacha Noimark Edward Z Zhang Sebastien Ourselin Paul C Beard Richard J Schilling Ivan P Parkin Ioannis Papakonstantinou Adrien E Desjardins William Harvey Cardiovascular Research Institute Queen Mary University of London and Barts Heart CentreLondon EC1A 7BEUK Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences University College LondonCharles Bell House67-73 Riding House StreetLondon W1W 7EJUK UCL Centre for Materials Research Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

High-frequency ultrasound imaging can provide exquisite visualizations of tissue to guide minimally invasive ***,we demonstrate that an all-optical ultrasound transducer,through which light guided by optical fibers is used to generate and receive ultrasound,is suitable for real-time invasive medical imaging in ***-bandwidth ultrasound generation was achieved through the photoacoustic excitation of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite coating on the distal end of a 300-μm multi-mode optical fiber by a pulsed *** interrogation of a high-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavity on a single-mode optical fiber by a wavelength-tunable continuous-wave laser was applied for ultrasound *** transducer was integrated within a custom inner transseptal needle(diameter 1.08 mm;length 78 cm)that included a metallic septum to acoustically isolate the two optical *** use of this needle within the beating heart of a pig provided unprecedented realtime views(50 Hz scan rate)of cardiac tissue(depth:2.5 cm;axial resolution:64μm)and revealed the critical anatomical structures required to safely perform a transseptal crossing:the right and left atrial walls,the right atrial appendage,and the limbus fossae *** new paradigm will allow ultrasound imaging to be integrated into a broad range of minimally invasive devices in different clinical contexts.

关键词： cardiac medical devices optoacoustic photoacoustic ultrasound

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Controllability of Singular Distributed Parameter Systems in the Sense of Mild Solution

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第5期33卷 1485-1496页

作者： GE Zhaoqiang GE Xiaochi School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong UniversitgyXi'an 710049China Cass Business School CityUniversity of LondonLondonEC1Y 8TEUK

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the exact controllability and approximate controllability of a singular distributed parameter system are *** general results are used to examine the exact controllability and ap... 详细信息

关键词： Approximate controllability exact controllability Hilbert space mild solution singular distributed parameter systems

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B cells in pancreatic cancer stroma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第11期28卷 1088-1101页

作者： Francesca Romana Delvecchio Michelle R Goulart Rachel Elizabeth Ann Fincham Michele Bombadieri Hemant M Kocher William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon EC1M 6BQUnited Kingdom Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon EC1M 6BQUnited Kingdom Barts and the london HPB Centre Barts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer is a disease with high unmet clinical *** cancer is also characterised by an intense fibrotic stroma,which harbours many immune *** in both human and animal models have demonstrated that the immune system plays a crucial role in modulating tumour onset and *** human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,high B-cell infiltration correlates with better patient ***,B cells have received recent interest in pancreatic cancer as potential therapeutic ***,the data on the role of B cells in murine models is unclear as it is dependent on the pancreatic cancer model used to ***,it appears that B cells do organise along with other immune cells such as a network of follicular dendritic cells(DCs),surrounded by T cells and DCs to form tertiary lymphoid structures(TLS).TLS are increasingly recognised as sites for antigen presentation,T-cell activation,Bcell maturation and differentiation in plasma *** this review we dissect the role of B cells and provide directions for future studies to harness the role of B cells in treatment of human pancreatic cancer.

关键词： B cells Pancreatic cancer Cancer immunology Tertiary lymphoid structures Anti-tumour immunoglobulins Plasma cells

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Comparative Study of Different SPH Schemes on Simulating Violent Water Wave Impact Flows

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China Ocean Engineering 2014年第6期28卷 791-806页

作者：郑兴马庆位段文洋 College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering University Schools of Engineering and Mathematical Science City University London EC1V 0HB UK

Free surface flows are of significant interest in Computational Fluid Dynamics（CFD）. However, violent water wave impact simulation especially when free surface breaks or impacts on solid wall can be a big challenge for many CFD techniques. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics（SPH） has been reported as a robust and reliable method for simulating violent free surface flows. Weakly compressible SPH（WCSPH） uses an equation of state with a large sound speed, and the results of the WCSPH can induce a noisy pressure field and spurious oscillation of pressure in time history for wave impact problem simulation. As a remedy, the truly incompressible SPH（ISPH） technique was introduced, which uses a pressure Poisson equation to calculate the pressure. Although the pressure distribution in the whole field obtained by ISPH is smooth, the stability of the techniques is still an open discussion. In this paper, a new free surface identification scheme and solid boundary handling method are introduced to improve the accuracy of ISPH. This modified ISPH is used to study dam breaking flow and violent tank sloshing flows. On the comparative study of WCSPH and ISPH, the accuracy and efficiency are assessed and the results are compared with the experimental data.

关键词： smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) ISPH water wave impact

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Pancreatic cancer organotypics: High throughput, preclinical models for pharmacological agent evaluation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8471-8481页

作者： Stacey J Coleman Jennifer Watt Prabhu Arumugam Leonardo Solaini Elisabeta Carapuca Mohammed Ghallab Richard P Grose Hemant M Kocher Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of ExcellenceQueen Mary University of LondonJohn Vane Science CentreCharterhouse SquareLondon EC1M 6BQUnited Kingdom Barts and the london HPB Centre The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon EC1M 6BQUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer carries a terrible prognosis,as the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the Western *** is clearly a need for new therapies to treat this *** of the reasons no effective treatment has been developed in the past decade may in part,be explained by the diverse influences exerted by the tumour *** tumour stroma cross-talk in pancreatic cancer can influence chemotherapy delivery and response ***,appropriate preclinical in vitro models which can bridge simple 2D in vitro cell based assays and complex in vivo models are required to understand the biology of pancreatic *** we discuss the evolution of 3D organotypic models,which recapitulare the morphological and functional features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Organotypic cultures are a valid high throughput preclinical in vitro model that maybe a useful tool to help establish new therapies for PDAC.A huge advantage of the organotypic model system is that any component of the model can be easily modulated in a short *** allows new therapies that can target the cancer,the stromal compartment or both to be tested in a model that mirrors the in vivo situation.A major challenge for the future is to expand the cellular composition of the organotypic model to further develop a system that mimics the PDAC environment more *** discuss how this challenge is being met to increase our understanding of this terrible disease and develop novel therapies that can improve the prognosis for patients.

关键词： 3D organotypic model Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic stellate cell Stroma Preclinical models

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Review of the dynamic stiffness method for free-vibration analysis of beams

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2019年第2期1卷 106-116页

作者： J.R.Banerjee Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics School of MathematicsComputer Science and EngineeringCityUniversity of LondonLondonEC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom

The application of the dynamic stiffness method(DSM)for free-vibration analysis of beams is surveyed in this *** historical development of the DSM,which has taken place in several stages,is discussed in detail with reference to the free-vibration problems of *** particular,the suitability of the DSM in solving the free-vibration problems of beams through the application of the well-known Wittrick–Williams algorithm as a solution technique is *** literature concerning homogeneous isotropic metallic beams,for which the DSM is well established,is reviewed first,after which,with the rapid and ongoing emergence of advanced composite materials,the development of the DSM in solving the free-vibration problems of anisotropic beams is *** free-vibration analysis of functionally graded beams using the DSM is also *** survey covers the DSM application for free-vibration analysis of a wide range of beams,including sandwich beams,rotating beams,twisted beams,moving beams and bending-torsion coupled beams,amongst *** aspects of the contributions made by the author and his research team are also ***,the future potential of the DSM in solving complex engineering problems is projected.

关键词： dynamic stiffness method Wittrick-Williams algorithm free-vibration analysis

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