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The future of mountain agriculture amidst continual farm-exit, livelihood diversification and outmigration in the Central Himalayan villages

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 755-768页

作者： Niyati NAUDIYAL Kusum ARUNACHALAM Ujjwal KUMAR School of Environment and Natural Resources Doon University

Agrarian patterns in mountain ecosystems have seen a considerable change in the past decades with a vast proportion of the population abandoning traditional agriculture and diversifying their livelihood options, primarily through out-migration. This trend is especially common amongst the subsistence based family-farming communities in developing countries. This study aims at assessing methods of livelihood diversification and factors influencing farm-exit in Central Himalayan villages of Uttarakhand, India, while trying to understand local perspectives on challenges in pursuing agriculture as a viable livelihood option. We collected qualitative and quantitative data from 951 households across 60 villages evenly distributed across six hill districts of Uttarakhand, using key-person interviews and household surveys. The results of the study highlight that farm-exit is significantly influenced by livelihood diversification, number of migrants, number of female family members, and availability of irrigation facilities. In general, perception of the respondents towards agriculture as a viable livelihood option is rather unenthusiastic, with 87% of the respondents citing human wildlife conflict as the main challenge in pursuing farming, amongst several other challenges. Diversification is an integral component of present rural economy with 80.13% of the total population dependent on more than one source of income, to maintain their livelihoods. However, there is no statistically significant influence of livelihood diversification on annual income of the household. If agro-based entrepreneurial ventures are to be promoted in the region there is an urgent need for timely introduction of radical policy, institutional, and land-reforms. Economic uplifting of the local population through such efforts can also be a possible solution to the growing trends of out-migration in the state.

关键词： Agriculture Diversification Rural livelihoods Migration Himalaya

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Spatio-temporal variation of trace elements distributed over surface water of Upper Ganga River Basin in Western Himalayan Region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 145-162页

作者： Deepika DIMRI Ambika KUMAR DeepakKumar MISHRA Archana SHARMA doon university Dehradun248012India Bhagalpur National College Bhagalpur812007India

The rivers draining from the Himalayan range distribute enormous amount of fresh water to the people living in downstream *** metals flowed with river water can lead to serious impact on ecological system and human ***,the documentation on trace elements of Himalayan rivers is inadequately *** current study deals with the spatial and temporal variability of the major and trace elements of Ganga river water in epirhithron,metarhithron and hyporhithron zone belonging to Himalayan *** samples from nineteen monitoring locations were collected in pre-monsoon(May-June),monsoon(AugustSeptember)and post-monsoon(December)seasons and subjected to be assessed for 20 elements(Ag,Al,Ba,Cd,Ca,Cr,Cu,Fe,Ga,K,Mn,Mg,Na,Ni,Pb,Sr,Th,U,Zn,and Zr)using ICP-OES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer).Different water pollution indexes such as HPI(Heavy Metal Pollution Index),MI(Metal Index)and PI(Pollution Index)were used to describe current water quality status at each monitoring station under particular classified ecological *** studied stations in hyporhithron zone had the value of Metal Index(MI>1),indicating threshold of ***,the highest values of HPI in hyporhithron zone correspond to poor water quality *** with poor water quality were also found to be contaminated as per the Pollution Index(PI),exhibiting high concentrations for element(Fe).However,the epirhithron and metarhithron zone in Himalayan segment showed excellent water quality mainly contributed from natural *** Analysis(CA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)were applied to identify the main influential sources for Ganga river water *** Kriging interpolation method was also applied to prepare spatial distribution map of computed indexes(HPI,MI,and PI).With the help of index of local Moran’s I(LMI),identified spatial clusters and spatial outliers revealed the elevated concentration of most elements in hyporhithr

关键词： Trace elements Spatial variation Temporal variation Surface water Ganga River Basin ICP-OES

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Effect of forest fire on soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity in oak and pine forests of Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 394-407页

作者： Devanshi Singh Priyanka Sharma Ujjwal Kumar Achlesh Daverey Kusum Arunachalam School of Environment and Natural Resources Doon UniversityDehradunUttarakhand 248012India

Background:Forest fire incidences in the Himalayan region of Uttarakhand,India are very common in *** and oak are the principal and dominant species of Himalayan subtropical forest and Himalayan temperate forest,*** vegetation influences the physicochemical and biological properties of soil and forest fire in pine and oak forests may have a different effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of ***,the present study was carried out to assess the impact of forest fire on soil microbial properties,enzymatic activity,and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties in the advent of forest fire in the pine and oak forests of the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand Himalaya,***:The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,soil basal respiration,and acid phosphatase activity decreased,whereas dehydrogenase activity increased at burnt sites of both forest *** overall change in soil microbial biomass carbon was 63 and 40%at the burnt oak forest and burnt pine forest,*** activity and acid phosphatase activity showed a strong positive correlation with soil organic matter(r=0.8)and microbial indices,*** ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen was reduced at burnt sites of both forest *** analysis results showed that fire had a significant impact on soil *** soil basal respiration was linked with macro-and micronutrients at burnt sites,whereas at control sites,it was linked with physicochemical properties of soil along with ***:Forest fire had a significant impact on soil properties of both forest *** impact of forest fire on soil microbial biomass carbon was stronger in the oak forest than in the pine *** type influenced soil enzymatic activity at burnt *** bacterial community was dominated over fungi in burnt sites of both *** microbial indices can be used as a selective measure to assess

关键词： Microbial indices Soil enzymes Microbial biomass Forest fire Pine forest Oak forest

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Development of metal organic fromwork-199 immobilized zeolite foam for adsorption of common indoor VOCs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第5期29卷 321-330页

作者： Vipin K.Saini Joao Pires School of Environment and Natural Resources Doon UniversityDehradun 248001India Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of LisbonLisbon 1749-016Portugal

Reticulated foam shaped adsorbents are more efficient for the removal of volatile organic compounds（VOCs）,particularly from low VOC-concentration indoor air streams. In this study composite structure of zeolite and metal organic frameworks（MOFs）,referred as ZMF,has been fabricated by immobilization of fine MOF-199 powder on foam shaped Zeolite Socony Mobil-5（ZSM-5）Zeolitic structure,referred as ZF. The ZMF possess a uniform and well-dispersed coating of MOF-199 on the porous framework of ZF. It shows higher surface area,pore volume,and VOCs adsorption capacity,as compared to ***-fabrication changes in selective adsorption properties of ZMF were studied with three common indoor VOCs（benzene,n-hexane,and cyclohexane）,using gravimetric adsorption technique. The adsorption capacity of ZMF with different VOCs follow the order of benzene 〉 n-hexane 〉 cyclohexane. In comparison with MOF-199 and ZF,the composite structure ZMF shows improvement in selectivity for benzene from other two VOCs. Further,improvement in efficiency and stability of prepared ZMF was found to be associated with its high MOF loading capacity and unique morphological and structural properties. The developed composite structure with improved VOCs removal and recyclability could be a promising material for small to limited scale air pollution treatment units.

关键词： VOCs Adsorption Composite materials Selectivity Zeolite foam MOFs HKUST-1

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Impacts of tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie,a hill station in the lower Himalayan range of India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第10期15卷 2276-2291页

作者： Sangeeta SUNDRIYAL Vijay SHRIDHAR Sandeep MADHWAL Kamal PANDEY Vikram SHARMA School of Environment&Natural Resources Doon UniversityDehradun-248001UtturakhandIndia Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Dehradun-248001UttarakhandIndia

Tourism in mountainous regions is a significant source of revenue generation. However, it has also been associated with many adverse environmental consequences. This study aims at assessing the negative impacts of the incessant upsurge in tourism development on the physical environment of Mussoorie, a well-known mountain tourist destination in India. The impact indicators for the region were identified and assessed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of field observations. The observations indicated the aggravation of traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution, undisposed solid waste, water scarcity and infrastructure unavailability as the prevalent issues, especially during the peak tourist months. The extent of the consequential damage to the environment was evaluated by conducting an assessment of tourism-induced human disturbance on the natural landscape of the town. Slope, slope aspect, vegetation cover, road network and drainage network were incorporated as thedetermining landscape attributes to prepare thematic maps of landscape quality(perceivable intrinsic properties) and landscape fragility(vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances) using GIS technique. An absorption capacity map was finally prepared to characterize the study area into regions of different conservation needs. The results identified the need for planning appropriate preservation strategies for different tourist places in the town. The study can be used by the policy makers for implementing the regulatory measures against potential disturbances due to mass-tourism.

关键词： Absorption capacity Analytical Hierarchy Process Geographic Information System Human interventions Landscape assessment Mountain Tourism Destination

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Diagnosis and Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Learning Algorithm

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2023年第4期6卷 504-512页

作者： Gargi Pant Shukla Santosh Kumar Saroj Kumar Pandey Rohit Agarwal Neeraj Varshney Ankit Kumar the Department of Management Doon Business SchoolDehradun 248001India. Jaipuria Institute of Management Jaipur 302033India Department of Computer Engineering and Apllications GLA UniversityMathura 281406India.

In Computer-Aided Detection(CAD)brain disease classification is a vital ***’s Disease(AD)and brain tumors are the primary reasons of *** studies of these diseases are carried out by Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI),Positron Emission Tomography(PET),and Computed Tomography(CT)scans which require expertise to understand the *** disease is the most prevalent in the elderly and can be fatal in its later *** result can be determined by calculating the mini-mental state exam score,following which the MRI scan of the brain is *** from that,various classification algorithms,such as machine learning and deep learning,are useful for diagnosing MRI ***,they do have some limitations in terms of *** paper proposes some insightful pre-processing methods that significantly improve the classification performance of these MRI ***,it reduced the time it took to train the model of various pre-existing learning algorithms.A dataset was obtained from Alzheimer’s Disease Neurological Initiative(ADNI)and converted from a 4D format to a 2D *** clipping,grayscale image conversion,and histogram equalization techniques were used to pre-process the *** pre-processing,we proposed three learning algorithms for AD classification,that is random forest,XGBoost,and Convolution Neural Networks(CNN).Results are computed on dataset and show that it outperformed with exiting work in terms of accuracy is 97.57%and sensitivity is 97.60%.

关键词： alzheimer’s disease deep learning random forest XGBoost

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among medical students: A cross-sectional study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2020年第3期9卷 100-104页

作者： Sonam Maheshwari Puneet Kumar Gupta Richa Sinha Pravesh Rawat Department of Community Medicine Government Doon Medical CollegeDehradunIndia ICFAI Business School The ICFAI UniversityDehradunIndia Government doon Medical College DehradunIndia

Objective:To assess knowledge,attitude,and practice of medical students towards coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was developed and given to the students of a government medical college in *** demographics,mean knowledge,attitude,and practice of the participants were investigated,and the scores were calculated.t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical ***:Out of the total participants(n=354),50.3%were male and 54.5%were 21-23 *** all the participants(96.6%)increase the frequency of washing hands under the influence of *** no significant relationship was found between different religions,age-categories in terms of knowledge,the participants who were aged 21-23 years had higher *** addition,gender had a significant impact on practice scores(P0.05).Conclusions:The majority of the participants had good knowledge,positive attitude,and sufficient *** and males have significantly different *** the results are very positive,it is suggested that people should continue to strengthen knowledge,attitude,and practice towards COVID-19,so that India can win the battle against the disease.

关键词： COVID-19 Noval coronavirus Knowledge Attitude Practice Social distancing Lockdown

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Mountain highway stability threading on the fragile terrain of upper Ganga catchment(Uttarakhand Himalaya),India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3407-3425页

作者： S.P.SATI Shubhra SHARMA Girish Ch.KOTHYARI Maria ASIM Y.P.SUNDRIYAL Kapil MALIK Ayush JOSHI Harsh DOBHAL Naresh RANA Navin JUYAL Department of Basic and Social Science(CoF) VCSGU University of Horticulture&Forestry BharsarPauri Garhwal 246123India Geosciences Division Physical Research LaboratoryAhmedabad 380005India Department of Geography Instituteof ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Department of Petroleum Engineering&Earth Sciences University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun 248007India Department of Geology HNBG harwal UniversitySrinagar 246174India Institute of Seismological Research Gandhinagar 382009India School of Media and Communication Studies Doon UniversityDehradun 248001India Department of Geology Universityof DelhiDelhi-110007India Kabir Enclave BopalAhmedabad 380058India

Roads are the most critical means of connectivity in Himalayan ***,the terrain is inherently fragile with varied geological,geomorphological,ecological,and climate regimes,that result in frequent slope failure and disruption in *** risk is further to be increased by extreme events-generated hazards,which are expected to rise in frequency and magnitude with ongoing intervention,however,can improve the sustainability of road *** present study attempts to analyse and quantify the impacts of a major road widening project initiated in 2018 in the upper Ganga catchment,Uttarakhand Himalaya which has destabilised valley slopes along the widened ***,a large quantity of excavated sediments is dumped down slopes,which is posing a threat to aquatic *** estimates are based on Google Earth imagery of a few representative road segments recently widened in the upper Ganga catchment,which indicate a substantial increase in the landslide and unstable slope area following the road *** increase in unstable slope area is attributed to improper road widening approaches and poor slope management in seismically active Himalayan ***,the mean velocity plots of Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PSInSAR)indicate that the segments undergoing road widening are coherent with areas of significant earth surface change.A broad correlation between the road width and sediment yield indicates that even a slight increase in road width can result in a large-scale mass removal from the toe of the hillslope,inflicting cascading impact on *** study recommends a more flexible road construction approach based on the environmental and geological aspects of the terrain for sustainable road ***,the impact of climate change is looming over the Himalayas,and the relation between climate change and its potential effects on the stability of slopes remains an open issue.

关键词： Himalaya Disaster resilient road Landslide Flash flood Road-widening

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Comparative in-vitro analysis of different brands of paracetamol tablets available in Nepal

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第8期4卷 645-648页

作者： Ganesh Man Singh Thakuri Kailash Kumar Yadav Rahul Rana Chhetri Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Doon(PG)Paramedical College and Hospital DehradunHemavati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal UniversityPauri GarhwalUttarakhandIndia Department of Microbiology Tribhuwan UniversityKathmanduNepal Department of Pharmacy Pokhara UniversityPokharaKaskiNepal

Objective:To examine the physico-chemical parameters of commercially available local and multinational brands of paracetamol tablets in ***:Different five paracetamol brands were explored by testing various parameters according to standard *** studied parameters included weight variation,friability,disintegration,dissolution and *** limits of the official test were referenced from official guidelines of Indian Pharmacopoeia(IP)and British Pharmacopoeia(BP).All brands were tested according to their pharmacopoeial claim and methods for these tests were successfully conducted to find out their *** methods were economic and ***:Requirements of weight variation and friability value were complied by all *** minutes of disintegration time were also complied by all the brands according to the BP/IP recommendation for uncoated *** brands showed not less than 80%drug release in 45 min as per BP and not less than 85%in 30 min as per *** of each brand was found to be within the range of 95%-105%.The present findings suggested that about every paracetamol brand which was accessible in Nepali market encountering the IP/BP ***:Although the physico-chemical examinations such as weight variation,friability,disintegration,dissolution and assay were detected varying brand wise,but were found interior to defined *** an over-the-counter drug,the consumption of paracetamol is too ***,it is important for each brand to be genuine,good manufactured and well ***,additional exploration over the quality of paracetamol is compulsory for safe human consumption.

关键词： Acetaminophen Comparative study In-vitro analysis Paracetamol Physico-chemical test Quality control parameters

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Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulate Calcium Signaling in Murine CD36-Positive Taste Buds Cells, via Phospholipase Pathways

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第6期8卷 570-579页

作者： Gado Dramane Simon A. Akpona Philipe Besnard Naim A. Khan National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) University of Burgundy/Agro Sup Dijon Doon 21000 France Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology ISBA (Institute of Biological Applied Sciences) Cotonou 06PB1623 Benin Laboratory of Biochemistry Regional Hospital of Borgou University of Parakou Parakou BP123 Benin

DHA （docosahexaenoic acid） and EPA （eicosapentaenoic acid） induced intracellular calcium increase in taste receptor cells purified from mouse circumvallate papillae. We have demonstrated that DHA and EPA induced calcium increase respectively via cPLA2 （cytosolic phospholipase A2） type lVc and calcium independent iPLA2 （phospholipase A2） type VI. Intracellular calcium increases via PLC （phospholipase C） pathway and leads to a calcium effiux and further SOC （stored operated calcium） channels activation. An abundant increase in intracellular calcium will induce exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the extracellular medium. Our results suggest that DHA and EPA induced calcium signaling, and should be implicated in the transmission of lipid gustatory information to afferent nerve fibers, as shown previously with linoleic acid.

关键词： Docosahexaenoic eicosapentaenoic calcium phospholipase taste bud cells.

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