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Effects of temperature and age on physico-mechanical properties of cemented gravel sand backfills

Journal of Central South University 2020年第10期27卷 2999-3012页

作者： JIANG Fei-fei ZHOU Hui sheng Jia KOU Yong-yuan LI Xiang-dong State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Engineering Research center for Metal Mining Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co.Ltd.Changsha 410012China School of Resource&Environment and Safety Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China Jinchuan Group Co. Ltd.Jinchang 737104China

Cemented backfill used in deep mines would inevitably be exposed to the ambient temperature of 20−60℃in the next few *** this paper,two types of cemented gravel sand backfills,cemented rod-mill sand backfill(CRB)and cemented gobi sand backfill(CGB),were prepared and cured at various temperatures(20,40,60℃)and ages(3,7,28 d),and the effects of temperature and age on the physico-mechanical properties of CRB and CGB were investigated based on laboratory *** show that:1)the effects of temperature and age on the physico-mechanical properties of backfills mainly depend on the amount of hydration products and the refinement of cementation *** temperature has a more significant effect on thermal expansibility and ultrasonic performance at early ages.2)The facilitating effect of temperature and age on the compressive strength of CGB is higher than that on *** the increase of temperature,the compressive failure modes changed from X-conjugate shear failure to tensile failure,and the integrity of specimens was significantly improved.3)Similarly,the shear performance of CGB is generally better than that of *** temperature has a weaker effect on shear strength than age,but the shear deformation and shear plane morphology are closely related to temperature.

关键词： cemented backfill gravel sand temperature physico-mechanical properties deformation characteristics

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Determination of oropharyngeal pathogenic colonization in the elderly community

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第3期122卷 315-318页

作者： WANG Shuang LI dong CHU Yun-zhuo ZHU Li-ying LIU Feng-zhi Department of General Practice First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110001 China Department of Infectious Diseases First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110001 China Clinical Laboratory First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110001 China Training center for General Practitioners First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110001 China

Background Pneumonia has become the predominant cause of death for the elderly. It is critical to determine the status of oropharyngeal pathogen colonization in the elderly when treating pneumonia. To explore the efficient approaches to treat age-related pneumonia, we determined the status of oropharyngeal pathogenic colonization in the elderly community. Methods Throat swab cultures were used to isolate oropharyngeal pathogens from 706 residents older than 65 years living in the community of Shenyang City. Characteristics of bacterial strains were sorted and identified using drug sensitivity tests. Results Results of bacterial identification showed that 265 out of 706 samples were positive, thereby exhibiting a 37.5% positive rate. There were 290 bacterial strains isolated from the elderly community in total, of which 248 strains were gram-negative bacilli （GNB） and 42 strains were gram-positive cocci （GNC）, accounting for 85.5% and 14.5%, respectively. There were 158 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, representing 54.4% of the all GNB. Conclusion The rate of oropharyngeal GNB colonization in the elderly community increases and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common strain.

关键词： bacterial colonization elderly community pneumonia

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community Characteristics of Cardamine in Brassicaceae

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2021年第3期22卷 13-21页

作者： HU Long-sheng HU Die YANG Yu-jie XU Yao-wen FEI Yong-jun CHEN Shui-yuan College of Horticulture and Gardening Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025PRC National R&D center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 430000PRC

[Objective]Further grasp the growth habit of Cardamine and cultivate a variety that meet the requirements of Cardamine hirsuta L..[Method]A total of 17 sampling sites were set up to measure the geographic coordinates,altitude,slope direction,slope,canopy coverage,coverage,community structure and composition of the species of the community of Cardamine hirsuta in the sample plots.[Results]A total of 137 species,62 families and 115 genera of vascular plants were found in the investigated *** were 111 species of herbaceous plants,whereas only 26 species of shrubs and *** dominant tree layers were Liquidambar formosana and Cinnamomum Camphora,the dominant shrub layers were Vitex Negundo and Rubus Lambertianus,and the dominant herb layers were Alopecurus aequalis and Imperata cylindrica.[Conclusion]Cardamine cardamine was suitable for growing in sunny,moist,ventilated fertile soil,as well as in areas with low density of slope,barren fields and on the banks of streams.

关键词： Cardamine hirsute L. community characteristics Plant community diversity

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Breakdown of Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory in an H-Bond-Stabilized Linear sp-Hybridized Sulfur

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第10期3卷 2584-2590页

作者： Jin Wu Bo Jin Xiang Wang Yayun Ding Xiao-Li Wang Dandan Tang Xiaohong Li Jie Shu dong-sheng Li Qipu Lin Yan-Bo Wu Tao Wu College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123 The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Shanxi Province Institute of Molecular ScienceShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006 Testing and Analysis Centre Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123 College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy MicrogridKey Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion MaterialsChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002 State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002

Exploring the unusual orbital hybridization types of atoms and their new connection modes contributes to the development of chemical bond theory and can inspire compounds with unique molecular *** sulfur(S)atoms(or anions)with sp3 hybridization in a bent-bridging mode are commonly observed in many inorganic and organic ***,sp-hybridized S species have,thus far,been extremely rare,and the linearly bridging mode has only been“forcibly”achieved with the aid of metal–S multiple bonds and/or significant steric hindrance from the surrounding organic ligands.

关键词： sp-hybridized sulfur linear coo rdinat ion hydrogen bond indium sulfide VSEPR theory

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二维材料最新研究进展

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物理化学学报 2021年第12期37卷 1-151页

作者：常诚陈伟陈也陈永华陈雨丁峰樊春海范红金范战西龚成宫勇吉何其远洪勋胡晟胡伟达黄维黄元季威李德慧李连忠李强林立凌崇益刘鸣华刘楠刘庄 Kian Ping Loh 马建民缪峰彭海琳邵明飞宋礼苏邵孙硕谭超良唐智勇王定胜王欢王金兰王欣王欣然 Andrew T.S.Wee 魏钟鸣吴宇恩吴忠帅熊杰熊启华徐伟高尹鹏曾海波曾志远翟天佑张晗张辉张其春张铁锐张翔赵立东赵美廷赵伟杰赵运宣周凯歌周兴周喻朱宏伟张华刘忠范 Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543Singapore Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong KongChina Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials Institute for Basic ScienceUlsan 44919Korea School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Quantum Technology center University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina center of Advanced Nanocatalysis(CAN) Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of Applied ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials(iChEM)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005Fujian ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials&Micro-Nano Devices Department of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China School of Optical and Electronic Information Wuhan National Laboratory

Research on two-dimensional(2D) materials has been explosively increasing in last seventeen years in varying subjects including condensed matter physics, electronic engineering, materials science, and chemistry since the mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004. Starting from graphene, 2D materials now have become a big family with numerous members and diverse categories. The unique structural features and physicochemical properties of 2D materials make them one class of the most appealing candidates for a wide range of potential applications. In particular, we have seen some major breakthroughs made in the field of 2D materials in last five years not only in developing novel synthetic methods and exploring new structures/properties but also in identifying innovative applications and pushing forward commercialisation. In this review, we provide a critical summary on the recent progress made in the field of 2D materials with a particular focus on last five years. After a brief backgroundintroduction, we first discuss the major synthetic methods for 2D materials, including the mechanical exfoliation, liquid exfoliation, vapor phase deposition, and wet-chemical synthesis as well as phase engineering of 2D materials belonging to the field of phase engineering of nanomaterials(PEN). We then introduce the superconducting/optical/magnetic properties and chirality of 2D materials along with newly emerging magic angle 2D superlattices. Following that, the promising applications of 2D materials in electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, biomedicine, sensors, environments, etc. are described sequentially. Thereafter, we present the theoretic calculations and simulations of 2D materials. Finally, after concluding the current progress, we provide some personal discussions on the existing challenges and future outlooks in this rapidly developing field.

关键词： Two-dimensional materials Transition metal dichalcogenides Phase engineering of nanomaterials Electronics Optoelectronics Catalysis Energy storage and conversion

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Binder-induced ultrafast ■-intercalation toward a high-voltage,high-power and long-cycling zinc–graphite dual-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期 5017-5029页

作者： Gen Li Xiao-Jun Shi Ting dong Qian Yu Zhi-Fei Mao Xin-Hua Liu Rui Wang Bei-Bei He Jun Jin Yan-sheng Gong Huan-Wen Wang Engineering Research center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Material Science and ChemistryChina University of Geosciences College of Resources and Environment South-Central Minzu University School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University

Metallic zinc is an ideal anode material owing to its high theoretical capacity (819 mAh·g-1),ecofriendliness,low cost and high safety,which have driven fast development of Zn-ion batteries （ZIBs）.However,the practical application of current ZIBs is significantly restricted by irregular dendrite growth of zinc anode and the low working voltage （usually<2 V） of cathode ***,we report a high-voltage Zn-based dualion battery （DIB）,which is constructed by a graphite cathode,a Zn anode,and 3 M LiPF6in the ethyl methyl carbonate （EMC） *** the corrosion interaction of Li+ions,Zn2+can be easily dissolved from Zn anode into the electrolyte to enable dendrite-free Zn2+plating/stripping at the ***,an aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） binder is employed to generate a robust cathode electrolyte interface （CEI） layer on the graphite cathode,which renders ultrafast PF6--de-/intercalation into *** resultant Zn–graphite DIB operates stably at a high cut off voltage of 3.2 V,corresponding to an average output voltage of 2.2 *** 9000cycles at 5C,the high capacity retention of 95.9% can be achieved with～100%Coulomb *** on the mass of cathode material,our Zn–graphite battery exhibits ultrafast rate capability （60 C,a discharge time of 44 s） and high energy/power densities (208 Wh·kg-1at 214 W·kg-1;142 Wh·kg-1at 8692 W·kg-1),which holds great promise for large-scale energy storage.

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Measurements of the ^(107)Ag neutron capture cross sections with pulse height weighting technique at the CSNS Back-n facility

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第3期31卷 109-116页

作者： Xin-Xiang Li Long-Xiang Liu Wei Jiang Jie Ren Hong-Wei Wang Gong-Tao Fan Jian-Jun He Xi-Guang Cao Long-Long Song Yue Zhang Xin-Rong Hu Zi-Rui Hao Pan Kuang Bing Jiang Xiao-He Wang Ji-Feng Hu Jin-Cheng Wang De-Xin Wang Su-Yalatu Zhang Ying-Du Liu Xu Ma Chun-Wang Ma Yu-Ting Wang Zhen-dong An Jun Su Li-Yong Zhang Yu-Xuan Yang Wen-Bo Liu Wan-Qing Su sheng Jin Kai-Jie Chen Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beiing 100049China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China China Spallation Neutron Source Dongguan 523803China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Beijing Radiation center Bejing 100875China College of Mathematics and Physics Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao 0280000 China Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105China Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 510275China ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200120China

Silver indium cadmium(Ag–In–Cd) control rod is widely used in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants,and it is continuously consumed in a high neutron flux environment. The mass ratio of ^(107)Ag in the Ag–In–Cd control rod is 41.44%. To accurately calculate the consumption value of the control rod, a reliable neutron reaction cross section of the ^(107)Ag is required. Meanwhile,^(107)Ag is also an important weak r nucleus. Thus, the cross sections for neutron induced interactions with ^(107)Ag are very important both in nuclear energy and nuclear astrophysics. The(n, γ) cross section of ^(107)Ag has been measured in the energy range of 1–60 eV using a back streaming white neutron beam line at China spallation neutron source. The resonance parameters are extracted by an R-matrix code. All the cross section of ^(107)Ag and resonance parameters are given in this paper as datasets. The datasets are openly available at http://***/10.11922/sciencedb.j00113.00010.

关键词： neutron capture cross section pulse height weighting technique(PHWT) ^(107)Ag(n γ)^(108)Ag the China spallation neutron source(CSNS)Back-n facility

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Difference of planktonic ciliate communities of the tropical West Pacific, the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第4期39卷 9-17页

作者： Chaofeng Wang Haibo Li Zhiqiang Xu Shan Zheng Qiang Hao Yi dong Li Zhao Wuchang Zhang Yuan Zhao Gérald Grégori Tian Xiao CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Hangzhou 310012China Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Aix-Marseille University Toulon UniversityCNRSIRDMediterranean Institute of Oceanology UM110Marseille 13288France

Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is *** report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three seas:the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic *** ciliate abundance had"bimodal-peak","surface-peak"and"DCM(deep chlorophyll a maximum layer)-peak"vertical distribution patterns in the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean,*** abundance proportion of tintinnid to total ciliate in the Bering Sea(42.6%)was higher than both the tropical West Pacific(7.8%)and the Arctic Ocean(2.0%).The abundance proportion of small aloricate ciliates(10–20μm size-fraction)in the tropical West Pacific was highest in these three *** Arctic Ocean had higher abundance proportion of tintinnids in larger LOD(lorica oral diameter)*** of redundant species increased from the Arctic Ocean to the tropical West *** result provided useful data to further understand ecology roles of planktonic ciliates in different marine habitats.

关键词： planktonic ciliates vertical distribution community structure tropical West Pacific Bering Sea Arctic Ocean

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SCAG:A Stratified,Clustered,and Growing-Based Algorithm for Soybean Branch Angle Extraction and Ideal Plant Architecture Evaluation

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第3期6卷 595-609页

作者： Songyin Zhang Yinmeng Song Ran Ou Yiqiang Liu Shaochen Li Xinlan Lu Shan Xu Yanjun Su dong Jiang Yanfeng Ding Haifeng Xia Qinghua Guo Jin Wu Jiaoping Zhang Jiao Wang Shichao Jin Plant Phenomics Research Centre Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCollaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production cosponsored by Province and MinistryState Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National center for Soybean Improvement Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean(GeneralMinistry of Agriculture)College of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Sanya Research Institute of Nanjing Agriculture University Sanya 572024China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China School of Automation Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Division for Ecology and Biodiversity School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Three-dimensional(3D)phenotyping is important for studying plant structure and *** detection and ranging(LiDAR)has gained prominence in 3D plant phenotyping due to its ability to collect 3D point ***,organ-level branch detection remains challenging due to small targets,sparse points,and low signal-to-noise *** addition,extracting biologically relevant angle traits is *** this study,we developed a stratified,clustered,and growing-based algorithm(SCAG)for soybean branch detection and branch angle calculation from LiDAR data,which is heuristic,open-source,and *** achieved high branch detection accuracy(F-score=0.77)and branch angle calculation accuracy(r=0.84)when evaluated on 152 diverse soybean ***,the SCAG outperformed 2 other classic algorithms,the support vector machine(F-score=0.53)and density-based methods(F-score=0.55).Moreover,after applying the SCAG to 405 soybean varieties over 2 consecutive years,we quantified various 3D traits,including canopy width,height,stem length,and average *** data filtering,we identified novel heritable and repeatable traits for evaluating soybean density tolerance potential,such as the ratio of average angle to height and the ratio of average angle to stem length,which showed greater potential than the well-known ratio of canopy width to height *** work demonstrates remarkable advances in 3D phenotyping and plant architecture *** algorithm can be applied to other crops,such as maize and *** dataset,scripts,and software are public,which can further benefit the plant science community by enhancing plant architecture characterization and ideal variety selection.

关键词： architecture evaluation algorithm angle plant branch ideal clustered extraction growing-based

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Timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846–031 with Insight-HXMT monitoring

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第3期21卷 193-204页

作者： He-Xin Liu Yue Huang Guang-Cheng Xiao Qing-Cui Bu Jin-Lu Qu Shu Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Shu-Mei Jia Fang-Jun Lu Xiang Ma Lian Tao Wei Zhang Li Chen Li-Ming Song Ti-Pei Li Yu-Peng Xu Xue-Lei Cao Yong Chen Cong-Zhan Liu Ce Cai Zhi Chang Gang Chen Tian-Xiang Chen Yi-Bao Chen Yu-Peng Chen Wei Cui Wei-Wei Cui Jing-Kang Deng Yong-Wei dong Yuan-Yuan Du Min-Xue Fu Guan-Hua Gao He Gao Min Gao Ming-Yu Ge Yu-dong Gu Ju Guan Cheng-Cheng Guo Da-Wei Han Jia Huo Lu-Hua Jiang Wei-Chun Jiang Jing Jin Yong-Jie Jin Ling-Da Kong Bing Li Cheng-Kui Li Gang Li Mao-Shun Li Wei Li Xian Li Xiao-Bo Li Xu-Fang Li Yang-Guo Li Zheng-Wei Li Xiao-Hua Liang Jing-Yuan Liao Bai-sheng Liu Guo-Qing Liu Hong-Wei Liu Xiao-Jing Liu Yi-Nong Liu Bo Lu Xue-Feng Lu Qi Luo Tao Luo Bin Meng Yi Nang Jian-Yin Nie Ge Ou Na Sai Ren-Cheng Shang Xin-Ying Song Liang Sun Ying Tan You-Li Tuo Chen Wang Guo-Feng Wang Juan Wang Ling-Jun Wang Weng-Shuai Wang Yu-Sa Wang Xiang-Yang Wen Bai-Yang Wu Bo-Bing Wu Mei Wu Shuo Xiao Shao-Lin Xiong He Xu Jia-Wei Yang sheng Yang Yan-Ji Yang Yi-Jung Yang Qi-Bin Yi Qian-Qing Yin Yuan You Ai-Mei Zhang Cheng-Mo Zhang Fan Zhang Hong-Mei Zhang Juan Zhang Tong Zhang Wan-Chang Zhang Wen-Zhao Zhang Yi Zhang Yi-Fei Zhang Yong-Jie Zhang Yuan-Hang Zhang Yue Zhang Zhao Zhang Zhi Zhang Zi-Liang Zhang Hai-sheng Zhao Xiao-Fan Zhao Shi-Jie Zheng Yao-Guang Zheng Deng-Ke Zhou Jian-Feng Zhou Yu-Xuan Zhu Ren-Lin Zhuang Yue Zhu Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institut fur Astronomie und Astrophysik Kepler Center for Astro and Particle PhysicsEberhard Karls Universität72076 TubingenGermany Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100088China Department of Astronomy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Physics Sciences&Technology Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002Hebei ProvinceChina

We present the observational results from a detailed timing analysis of the black hole candidate EXO 1846-031 during its outburst in 2019 with the observations of Insight-HXMT,NICER and *** outburst can be classified roughly into four different ***-C quasi-periodic oscillations(QPOs)observed by NICER(about 0.1-6 Hz)and Insight-HXMT(about 0.7-8 Hz)are also reported in this ***,we study various physical quantities related to QPO *** QPO rms-frequency relationship in the energy band 1-10 keV indicates that there is a turning pointing in frequency around2 Hz,which is similar to that of GRS 1915+105.A possible hypothesis for the relationship above may be related to the inclination of the source,which may require a high inclination to explain *** relationships between QPO frequency and QPO rms,hardness,total fractional rms and count rate have also been found in other transient sources,which can indicate that the origin of type-C QPOs is non-thermal.

关键词： X-ray binaries black hole candidate QPO EXO 1846–031

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