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Diet xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation improves growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of broilers

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 165-176页

作者： Zhiyong Rao Yue Li Xiaopeng Yang Yongpeng Guo Wei Zhang Zhixiang Wang school of animal science and Technology Henan Agricultural University

The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) on broiler growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. Broilers in the control(CON) group received a corn-soybean meal based basal diet, those in the antibiotics(ANT) group received the basal diet plus 500 mg/kg oxytetracycline, and those in XOS groups received the basal diet plus 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg XOS. Compared with CON, the body weight at 42 d and average daily gain from 1 to 42 d were significantly increased in the 150, 450 mg/kg XOS-added and ANT groups(P = 0.018),and the relative expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 m RNA in the ileum was significantly higher in the 300and 450 mg/kg XOS-added groups(P < 0.001). The feed conversion ratios(P < 0.001) and abdominal fat rates(P = 0.012) of broilers from 1 to 42 d of age were significantly lower in all XOS-added groups than in the control group. Splenic index(P = 0.036) and bursa of Fabricius index(P = 0.009) were significantly better in the ANT group and each XOS-added group than in the control group. Compared to CON and ANT,serum Ig A(P = 0.007) and Ig G(P = 0.002) levels were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg XOS-added group, and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera(Alistipes) was also significantly higher(P < 0.001). Meanwhile, ileal villus height(P < 0.001) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V:C)(P = 0.001) were significantly increased in XOS-added broilers. In analysis of relationships between cecal microbes and the physical barrier of the gut, [Ruminococcus]＿torques＿group was positively correlated with m RNA expression of ileal ZO-1 and claudin-1(P < 0.05), and Bacteroides was positively correlated with increased ileal villus height and V:C(P < 0.05). Overall, XOS addition to broiler diets improved growth performance, promoted intestinal health by enh

关键词： Xylo-oligosaccharide Growth performance Intestinal health Immunity Broiler

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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development, antioxidants, tight junctions, and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Department of animal Nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Faculty of Agriculture and Food sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal Science University of Debrecen Department of animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management University of Debrecen Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Debrecen Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of Debrecen Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen

Methionine(Met) is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth. The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health. Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes, TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype, were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype. The treatment groups include the following: 1) control non-injected eggs(NoIn); 2) saline-injected(SaIn); 3) DL-Met injected(DLM); and 4) L-Met injected(LM). The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development; after hatching, eight chicks per group were sacrificed, and the jejunum was extracted for analysis. The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width, villus height, and villus area(P < 0.05) compared to the control. The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth, glutathione(GSH) content, glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3), occludin(OCLN) gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P < 0.05). The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) gene, tricellulin(MD2), occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development, and function, with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions. Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants, tight junction, and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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Single nucleus/cell RNA-seq of the chicken hypothalamicpituitaryovarian axis offers new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of ovarian development

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Zoological Research 2024年第5期45卷 1088-1107页

作者： Dong Leng Bo Zeng Tao Wang Bin-Long Chen Di-Yan Li Zhuan-Jian Li school of Pharmacy Chengdu UniversityChengduSichuan 610106China College of animal science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan 611130China College of animal science Xichang UniversityXichangSichuan 615000China College of animal science and Technology Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450046China

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO)axis represents a central neuroendocrine network essential for reproductive *** its critical role,the intrinsic heterogeneity within the HPO axis across vertebrates and the complex intercellular interactions remain poorly *** study provides the first comprehensive,unbiased,cell type-specific molecular profiling of all three components of the HPO axis in adult Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying *** the hypothalamus,pituitary,and ovary,seven,12,and 13 distinct cell types were identified,*** indicated that the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and prolactin(PRL)signaling pathways may modulate the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),FSH,and luteinizing hormone(LH)within the hypothalamus and *** the ovary,interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes involved the KIT,CD99,LIFR,FN1,and ANGPTL signaling pathways,which collectively regulate follicular *** SEMA4 signaling pathway emerged as a critical mediator across all three tissues of the HPO ***,gene expression analysis revealed that relaxin 3(RLN3),gastrin-releasing peptide(GRP),and cocaine-and amphetamine regulated transcripts(CART,also known as CARTPT)may function as novel endocrine hormones,influencing the HPO axis through autocrine,paracrine,and endocrine *** analyses between Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens demonstrated higher expression levels of GRP,RLN3,CARTPT,LHCGR,FSHR,and GRPR in the ovaries of Lohmann layers,potentially contributing to their superior reproductive *** conclusion,this study provides a detailed molecular characterization of the HPO axis,offering novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying reproductive biology.

关键词： Chickens Single nucleus/cell transcriptome Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis Signal crosstalk Hormones

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A computational model to identify fertility-related proteins using sequence information

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Frontiers of Computer science 2024年第1期18卷 229-237页

作者： Yan LIN Jiashu WANG Xiaowei LIU Xueqin XIE De WU Junjie ZHANG Hui DING Key Laboratory for animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China school of Life science and Technology and Center for Informational Biology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China

Fertility is the most crucial step in the development process,which is controlled by many fertility-related proteins,including spermatogenesis-,oogenesis-and embryogenesis-related *** identification of fertility-related proteins can provide important clues for studying the role of these proteins in ***,in this study,we constructed a two-layer classifier to identify fertility-related *** this classifier,we first used the composition of amino acids(AA)and their physical and chemical properties to code these three fertility-related ***,the feature set is optimized by analysis of variance(ANOVA)and incremental feature selection(IFS)to obtain the optimal feature *** five-fold cross-validation(CV)and independent data tests,the performance of models constructed by different machine learning(ML)methods is evaluated and ***,based on support vector machine(SVM),we obtained a two-layer model to classify three fertility-related *** the independent test data set,the accuracy(ACC)and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of the first layer classifier are 81.95%and 0.89,respectively,and them of the second layer classifier are 84.74%and 0.90,*** results show that the proposed model has stable performance and satisfactory prediction accuracy,and can become a powerful model to identify more fertility related proteins.

关键词： sfertility-related proteins machine1 learning sequence information feature selection

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Maternal supplementation with mulberry-leaf flavonoids improves the development of skeletal muscle in the offspring of chickens

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 72-83页

作者： Zhenwu Huang Hongjian Dai Simeng Li Zhe Wang Quanwei Wei Zhonghua Ning Yuming Guo Fangxiong Shi Zengpeng Lv State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China College of animal science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China school of Biotechnology Aksu Vocational and Technical CollegeAksu843000China

The development of skeletal muscle is a crucial factor in determining the meat yield and economic benefits of broiler *** research has shown that mulberry leaves and their extracts can be used to significantly improve the growth performance of livestock and *** present study aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development in broiler offspring by dietary mulberry-leaf flavonoids(MLF)supplementation from the perspective of maternal effect theory.A total of 270 Qiling broiler breeder hens were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with different doses of MLF(0,30,60 mg/kg)for 8 weeks before collecting their fertilized *** chicken offspring at 13 and 19 d of embryonic stage,and from 1 to 28 d old after hatching were included in this *** results showed that maternal supplementation increased the breast muscle weight and body weight of the offspring at the embryo and chick stages(P<0.05).This was followed by increased cross-sectional area of pectoral muscle fibres at 14 d(P<0.05).Further determination revealed a tendency towards increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)(P=0.092)and muscle fibre count(P=0.167)at 1 d post-hatching following maternal MLF treatment,while serum uric acid(UA)was decreased at 14 d after hatching(P<0.05).Moreover,maternal MLF supplementation significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of the myogenic regulatory factor Myf5 in skeletal muscle at the both embryonic and growth stages(P<0.05).The relative abundance of the downstream protein of BMPR2,Smad1 and p-Smad1/5/9 in the TGFβsignalling pathway was significantly increased by maternal MLF ***,the increased expression of the target protein p-mTOR in the breast muscle of the offspring chicks is in accordance with the improved growth rate of the breast and the *** conclusion,maternal MLF supplementation can promote muscle protein metabolism and muscle fibre development of chick embryos

关键词： Broiler breeder hen Mulberry-leaf flavonoids Offspring Protein metabolism Skeletal muscle

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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy J.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish Peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Department of animal science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd Complete Feed Solutions

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SIDC) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in two protein sources (soybean meal [SBM] and canola meal [CM]) were investigated at six broiler ages (d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM (413 g/kg) or CM (553 g/kg) as the sole dietary AA source. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added as an indigestible marker. A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age group. Each assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7 (14 birds/cage), 14 (12 birds/cage), 21 (10 birds/cage), 28 (8 birds/cage), 35 (8 birds/cage) and 42 (6 birds/cage), respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA flows. In the SBM group, though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced (quadratic; P=0.075) by age, no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable (IAA) and total AA (TAA). An age effect (quadratic; P<0.05) was observed on the average SIDC of dispensable AA (DAA) in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7, followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28, which increased beyond d 35. The SIDC of some individual AA (Arg, Thr, Trp, Cys, Pro) were affected (P<0.05 or P<0.001) in a quadratic manner by age. In the CM, the SIDC of N, average SIDC of IAA, DAA and TAA were influenced (quadratic; P<0.05 or P<0.001) by age. The SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14, declined at d 21, and then increased beyond d 28. The average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased thereafter. The SIDC of individual AA were affected (linear or quadratic; P<0.05 or P<0.001) by different magnitudes by age. The age influence on the SIDC AA was variable, depending on the protein source and AA. The results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Dynamic event-triggered fault-tolerant cooperative resilient tracking control with prescribed performance for UAVs

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 67-84页

作者： Rong YUAN Zhengcai AN Shuyi SHAO Mou CHEN Mihai LUNGU College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics science and Technology on Electro-optic Control Laboratory Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Craiova Aerospace Engineering doctoral school University Politehnica of Bucharest

In this paper, a resilient tracking control scheme with cooperative collision avoidance performance is studied for the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) leader-follower formation in the presence of actuator failures and external disturbances. Firstly, based on the control objectives of UAV formation tracking and collision avoidance, the transformation tracking errors are obtained using the prescribed performance control technique. Next, a fault detection mechanism is introduced to determine if there is the actuator fault. Subsequently, the event-triggered resilient fault observers are designed based on a dynamic eventtriggered mechanism to estimate actuator faults. Furthermore, the prescribed performance functions and the H∞ performance index are employed to ensure the UAV formation collision-free and mitigate the impact of disturbances. Moreover, the resilient controller is designed to minimize the effect of the perturbations for the control gain and the fault observer gain on the system. The stability of the system is also proven through the Lyapunov stability analysis, and the controller gains are calculated by solving the linear matrix ***, the validity of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated by the simulation analysis.

关键词： UAV formation cooperative collision avoidance event-triggered fault observer prescribed performance resilient control

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Supplementation with dimethylglycine sodium salt improves lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth-retarded pigs

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 191-202页

作者： Kaiwen Bai Luyi Jiang Tian Wang school of Biological and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China College of animal science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Biology and Environmental Engineering Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhou 310023China Institute of Dairy science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionCollege of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310023China

This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)pigs and the potential alleviating effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na).A total of 60 male newborn piglets were selected for this *** each litter,one normal birth weight(NBW)male piglet(1.53±0.04 kg)and two IUGR male piglets(0.76±0.06 kg)were chosen based on their birth *** piglets were divided into three groups for the study:NBW pigs received a PBS gavage and a common basal diet(NBW-C group),IUGR pigs received the same PBS gavage and common basal diet(IUGR-C group),and IUGR pigs received a 70-mg DMG-Na gavage along with a common basal diet supplemented with 0.1%DMG-Na(IUGR-D group).At 150 d of age,all piglets underwent euthanasia by exsanguination following electrical stunning,after which plasma,liver,and longissimus dorsi(LM)samples were promptly *** IUGR-D group demonstrated improvements in plasma parameters(P<0.05),with lower triglyceride and free fatty acid(FFA)values,and hormone levels(P<0.05),with lower growth hormone,insulin,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance *** of lipid metabolism was observed(P<0.05),with lower triglyceride and FFA,and higher hepatic lipase and total lipase values in the liver,and lower triglyceride and FFA values in the *** ETC complexes showed increased levels(P<0.05),including higher complex III values in the liver,and higher complex I,complex III,and complex V values in the *** levels of energy metabolites were noted(P<0.05),with higher NAD^(+),NAD^(+)/NADH,adenosine triphosphate,and mtDNA values,and lower NADH values in the liver and ***,meat quality parameters showed improvement(P<0.05),with higher pH 24 h and a^(*)values,and lower drip loss 48 h,L^(*),and b^(*)*** expressions of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were upregulated(P<0.05)compared to the IUGR-C *** conclusio

关键词： Intrauterine growth retardation Pig Lipid metabolism Mitochondrial function Dimethylglycine sodium salt

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Excess dietary Lys reduces feed intake, stimulates jejunal CCK secretion and alters essential and non‑essential blood AA profile in pigs

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： Maximiliano Muller Elout Van Liefferinge Alan Tilbrook Robert van Barneveld Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Laboratory of animal Nutrition and animal Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium Centre for animal science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the ***,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as Lys,may lead to reduced appetite and growth in *** mechanisms modulat-ing these responses have not been extensively *** study evaluated the effect of Lys dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning *** Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible Lys reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)*** the end of the experiment,blood samples from the cephalic vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA *** addition,primary intestinal cultures from T0 pigs were used,following their humane killing,to evaluate the effect of Lys on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo *** Feed intake was linearly reduced(P<0.001)and the weight gain to feed ratio reduced(P<0.10)with increased dietary levels of Lys during the third-and first-week post weaning,*** con-centration(P<0.05)and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and the solute carrier family 7 member 2(P<0.10)gene expression was enhanced in proximal jejunum tissues incubated with Lys at 20mmol/L when compared to the control(Lys 0mmol/L).Plasma Lys and Glu(P<0.05)concentration increased in the T3 compared to T0 *** contrast,plasma levels of His,Val,Thr,Leu(P<0.05)and Gln(P<0.10)were lower in T3 than T0 *** The present results confirm that excess dietary Lys inhibits hunger in ***,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modulating these *** dietary excesses should be nar-rowed,when possible,to avoid negative effects of

关键词： Amino acid Blood Cholecystokinin Feed intake Lysine Pig Satiety

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The application of protease in aquaculture: Prospects for enhancing the aquafeed industry

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 105-121页

作者： Shiyou Chen Sahya Maulu Jie Wang Xiaoze Xie Xiaofang Liang Hao Wang Junjun Wang Min Xue National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University school of Biological and Marine sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Plymouth Centre for Innovative Approach Zambia (CIAZ)

Low-fishmeal and protein-saving diets are two prominent nutritional strategies utilized to address challenges related to the scarcity and sustainability of protein sources in aquaculture. However, these diets have been associated with adverse effects on the growth performance, feed utilization, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. To mitigate these challenges, exogenous protease has been applied to enhance the quality of diets with lower protein contents or fishmeal alternatives, thereby improving the bioavailability of nutritional ingredients. Additionally, protease preparations were also used to enzymatically hydrolyze fishmeal alternatives, thus enhancing their nutritional utilization. The present review aims to consolidate recent research progress on the use of protease in aquaculture and conclude the benefits and limitations of its application, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject and identifying opportunities for future research.

关键词： Protease Low-fishmeal diet Protein-saving diets Exogenous digestive enzyme Aquafeed

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