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soil microbial characteristics and yield response to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic amendments in greenhouse vegetable production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1432-1444页

作者： RONG Qin-lei LI Ruo-nan HUANG Shao-wen TANG Ji-wei ZHANG Yan-cai WANG Li-ying Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences

Greenhouse vegetable production has been characterized by high agricultural inputs, high temperatures, and high cropping indexes. As an intensive form of agriculture, nutrient cycling induced by microbial activities in the greenhouses is relatively different from open fields in the same region. However, the responses of soil microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and nitrogen （MBN）, enzyme activities, microbial community composition, and yield to organic amendment are not well understood. Therefore, a 5-year greenhouse tomato （Solanum lycopersicum Mill.）-cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） rotation experiment was conducted. The field experiment comprised 5 treatments： 4/4CN （CN, nitrogen in chemical fertilizer）, 3/4CN＋1/4MN （MN, nitrogen in pig manure）, 2/4CN＋2/4MN, 2/4CN＋1/4 MN＋1/4 SN （SN, nitrogen in corn straw） and 2/4CN＋2/4SN. The amounts of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P2O5）, and potassium （K2O） were equal in the five treatments. Starting with the fourth growing season, the optimal yield was obtained from soil treated with straw. MBC, MBN, phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） profiles, and enzyme activities were significantly changed by 5 years of substitution with organic amendments. Redundancy analysis showed that MBC accounts for 89.5 and 52.3％ of the total enzyme activity and total community variability, respectively. The activities of phosphomonoesterase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and urease, and the relative abundances of fungi, actinomycetes, and Gram-negative bacteria were significantly and positively related to vegetable yields. Considering the effects of organic amendments on soil microbial characteristics and vegetable yield, 2/4CN＋1/4MN＋1/4SN can improve soil quality and maintain sustainable high yield in greenhouse vegetable production.

关键词： soil microbial biomass enzyme activity microbial community composition organic amendment greenhouse vegetable

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soil Organic Carbon Stocks as Afected by Tillage Systems in a Double-Cropped Rice Field

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Pedosphere 2013年第5期23卷 696-704页

作者： XU Shang-Qi ZHANG Ming-Yuan ZHANG Hai-Lin CHEN Fu YANG Guang-Li XIAO Xiao-Ping College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Farming System Ministry of Agriculture of China soil and fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province

Tillage practices can potentially affect soil organic carbon （SOC） accumulation in agricultural soils. A 4-year experiment was conducted to identify the influence of tillage practices on SOC sequestration in a double-cropped rice （Oryza sativa L.） field in Hunan Province of China. Three tillage treatments, no-till （NT）, conventional plow tillage （PT）, and rotary tillage （RT）, were laid in a randomized complete block design. Concentrations of SOC and bulk density （BD） of the 0-80 cm soil layer were measured, and SOC stocks of the 0-20 and 0-80 cm soil layers were calculated on an equivalent soil mass （ESM） basis and fixed depth （FD） basis. soil carbon budget （SCB） under different tillage systems were assessed on the basis of emissions of methane （CH4） and CO2 and the amount of carbon （C） removed by the rice harvest. After four years of experiment, the NT treatment sequestrated more SOC than the other treatments. The SOC stocks in the 0-80 cm layer under NT （on an ESM basis） was as high as 129.32 Mg C ha-1, significantly higher than those under PT and RT （P 〈 0.05）. The order of SOC stocks in the 0-80 cm soil layer was NT 〉 PT 〉 RT, and the same order was observed for SCB; however, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, the RT treatment had a higher SOC stock than the PT treatment. Therefore, when comparing SOC stocks, only considering the top 20 cm of soil would lead to an incomplete evaluation for the tillage-induced effects on SOC stocks and SOC sequestrated in the subsoil layers should also be taken into consideration. The estimation of SOC stocks using the ESM instead of FD method would better reflect the actual changes in SOC stocks in the paddy filed, as the FD method amplified the tillage effects on SOC stocks. This study also indicated that NT plus straw retention on the soil surface was a viable option to increase SOC stocks in paddy soils.

关键词： bulk density equivalent soil mass basis soil carbon budget straw retention

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Oxidative stress related enzymes in response to chromium(VI) toxicity in Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidae)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第5期17卷 823-826页

作者： LI Li-jun ZHANG Feng LIU Xue-mei GUO Ya-ping MA En-bo College of Life Science and Technology Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China Institution of soil Science and fertilizer Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science Taiyuan 030031 China

The toxic effects of Cr（Vl） on antioxidant enzymes of Oxya chinensis（Orthoptera： Acridoidae） were determined. Changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）, and guaiacol peroxidase（GPx） were measured in O. chinensis insects injected with Cr（VI）. Fifth-nymphs of O. chinensis insects were injected with Cr（VI） with different concentrations （0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450 mg/kg of body weight）. The results showed that Cr（VI） led to the change of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities at different concentrations, which revealed that：（1） The oxidative stress of SOD increased with the increase of Cr （VI） concentration. （2） With the increase of Cr （VI） concentrations, CAT activities for females increased at lower concentrations, but decreased at higher concentration range, which indicated that antioxidant system of O. chinensis was not influenced by the presence of Cr （VI）. A very similar response to Cr（VI） effect for males indicated that Cr（VI） concentrations were not high enough to damage O. chinensis in terms of CAT. （3） The GPx activity for females increased in all treatments, which revealed that the damage power of Cr（VI） was increased with the increase of Cr（Vi） concentrations in terms of GPx, but the effect was not so remarkable. There was not a consistent trend of GPx activities for males in all treatments of Cr（VI）. Cr（VI）-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes were different for SOD, CAT and GPx, of which the tendency was that activities generally changed with increase of concentrations of Cr（VI） suggesting SOD, CAT, and GPx could serve as indices of oxidative stress to some extent.

关键词： Cr( VI ) Oxya chinensis oxidative stress superoxide dismutase(SOD) catalase (CAT) guaiacol peroxidase(GPx)

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Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide and 24-Epibrassinolide on the Physiological Characteristics of Peanut Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 45-59页

作者： DONG Yuanjie CHEN Weifeng BAI Xiaoying LIU Fengzhen WAN Yongshan College of Resources and Environment National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Shandong Agricultural University College of Agronomic Sciences Shandong Agricultural University

Cadmium(Cd) is highly toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Limited information is available on the role of nitric oxide(NO)and/or 24-epibrassinolide(EBR) in response of plants to Cd stress. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the effects of NO and/or EBR on peanut plants subjected to Cd stress(200 μmol L^(-1)) with sodium nitroprusside(SNP, an exogenous NO donor)(250 μmol L^(-1)) and/or EBR(0.1 μmol L^(-1)) addition. The results showed that Cd exposure inhibited plant growth, and this stress was alleviated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially the combination of the two. Treatment with Cd inhibited the growth of peanut seedlings, decreased chlorophyll content, and significantly increased the Cd concentration in plants. Furthermore, the concentration of reactive oxygen species(ROS) markedly increased in peanut seedlings under Cd stress, resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline in leaves and roots. Under Cd stress, applications of SNP, EBR, and especially the two in combination significantly reduced the translocation of Cd from roots to leaves, increased the chlorophyll content, decreased the concentrations of ROS, MDA, and proline, and significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in peanut seedlings. Exogenous NO and/or EBR also stimulated the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and increased the contents of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid(AsA) and reduced glutathione(GSH). Furthermore, exogenous NO and/or EBR enhanced Cd accumulation in the cell wall and thus decreased Cd distribution in the organelles in the roots. The concentrations of calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), magnesium(Mg), and zinc(Zn) were also regulated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially by the two in combination. These results indicated that SNP and EBR, alone and particularly in combination, can mitigate the negative effects of Cd stress in peanut plants.

关键词： antioxidant system cadmium toxicity cadmium translocation cadmium uptake heary metal mineral element sodium nitroprusside

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Influences of nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate on nitrogen and soil salt-ion leaching

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期20卷 304-308页

作者： YU Qiaogang YE Xuezhu CHEN Yingxu ZHANG Zhijian TIAN Guangming Institute of Environment Resource and soil fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China Department of Environmental Engineering Zhefiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

An undisturbed heavy clay soil column experiment was conducted to examine the influence of the new nitrification inhibitor, 3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP）, on nitrogen and soil salt-ion leaching. Regular urea was selected as the nitrogen source in the soil. The results showed that the cumulative leaching losses of soil nitrate-N under the treatment of urea with DMPP were from 57.5% to 63.3% lower than those of the treatment of urea without DMPP. The use of nitrification inhibitors as nitrate leaching retardants may be a proposal in regulations to prevent groundwater contaminant. However, there were no great difference between urea and urea with DMPP treatments on ammonium-N leaching. Moreover, the soil salt-ion leaching losses of Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, K^＋, and Na^＋ were reduced from 26.6% to 28.8%, 21.3% to 27.8%, 33.3% to 35.5%, and 21.7% to 32.1%, respectively. So, the leaching losses of soil salt-ion were declined for nitrification inhibitor DMPP addition, being beneficial to shallow groundwater protection and growth of crop. These results indicated the possibility of ammonium or ammonium producing compounds using nitrification inhibitor DMPP to control the nitrate and nutrient cation leaching losses, minimizing the risk of nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater.

关键词： 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate nitrification inhibitor nitrate leaching nitrate pollution nitrogen fertilizer

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Combined Role of ACC Deaminase Producing Bacteria and Biochar on Cereals Productivity under Drought

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 217-227页

作者： Subhan Danish Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye Department of soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan soil and Water Testing Laboratory PakArab Fertilizer LimitedPlantsiteMultan60800Pakistan

Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food *** changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal *** the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent,but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought *** biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been *** scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is an efficacious tool to overcome this *** PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the compounds,other than ***,secretion of growth hormones also play imperative role in enhancing the growth of the cereals under limited availability of *** addition,the use of biochar has also been recognized as another effective amendment to grant resistance against *** application improves the soil physiochemical attributes i.e.,porosity,nutrients retention and water holding capacity which decrease the loss of water and increase its *** recent era,the idea of coapplication of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar is becoming popular which might be more efficient to use water under drought *** aim of current review is to combine the facts and understanding of this novel idea to grant maximum resistance to crops against drought *** scientists have observed significant improvement in yield of cereal crops by combined use of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and ***,more research is suggested for deep understanding of complex synergistic mechanism of ACC deaminase activity in combination with biochar.

关键词： ACC deaminase biochar cereals drought ethylene PGPR yield

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Increase in yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double rice with long-term application of controlled-release urea

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第7期21卷 2106-2118页

作者： TIAN Chang SUN Ming-xue ZHOU Xuan LI Juan XIE Gui-xian YANG Xiang-dong PENG Jian-wei College of Resources and Environment Hunan Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer ResourcesChangsha 410128P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and FertilizerMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China Institute of soil and fertilizer Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125P.R.China

Controlled-release urea(CRU)has better characteristics than conventional urea for synchronizing nitrogen(N)release with plant *** the effects of CRU on crop yield and N use efficiency(NUE)has long been the key to evaluate the performance of CRU.A long-term experiment over five consecutive years was conducted in Changsha,Hunan Province,China,to investigate the effects of polyethylene-coated urea with a 90-d release period on the yield and NUE of double rice(early and late crops are grown in the same year),the amount of residual soil mineral N and the soil–plant N balance,as well as on the economic *** N fertilizer treatments including CK(no N fertilizer),U(conventional urea),CRU1(polyethylene-coated urea with equal N application rate to U)and CRU2(20%reduction in N application rate of CRU1)were *** results indicated that CRU1 application increased the yield and NUE of double rice by 11.0 and 13.5%,respectively,compared with *** yield and NUE of late rice were found than in early rice in CRU *** with conventional U,the yield and NUE of early rice in the CRU1 treatment were increased by 6.0 and 10.2%,respectively,and those of late rice were increased by 15.4 and 13.8%,*** was no significant difference between CRU1 and CRU2 in double rice ***,CRU treatments(including CRU1 and CRU2)had higher apparent residual Nmin rate(ARNR)and apparent N recovery rate(ANRR),but lower apparent N loss(NS)than the conventional U *** of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were greater in the surface soil(0–20 cm)and lower in the deeper soil layer(40–60 cm)with CRU treatments than in the U treatment after ***,CRU application produced a greater economic benefit than conventional U *** general,CRU outperformed U fertilizer in terms of rice yield,NUE,soil–plant N balance,economic benefit,and CRU2 provided greater comprehensive benefits than *** is suggested that C

关键词： controlled-release urea rice yield nitrogen use efficiency

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Spatial Prediction of Heavy Metal Pollution for soils in Peri-Urban Beijing, China Based on Fuzzy Set Theory

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Pedosphere 2006年第5期16卷 545-554页

作者： TAN Man-Zhi XU Fang-Ming CHEN Jie ZHANG Xue-Lei CHEN Jing-Zhong State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 （China） Nanjing Station of soil and fertilizer Nanjing 210036 （China）

Fuzzy classification combined with spatial prediction was used to assess the state of soil pollution in the peri-urban Beijing area. Total concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Hg, and Pb were determined in 220 topsoil samples （0-20 cm） collected using a grid design in a study area of 2 600 kin2. Heavy metal concentrations were grouped into three classes according to the optimum number of classes and fuzziness exponent using the fuzzy comean （FCM） algorithm. Membership values were interpolated using ordinary kriging. The polluted soils of the study area induced by the measured heavy metals were concentrated in the northwest corner and eastern part, especially the southeastern part close to the urban zone, whereas the soils free of pollution were mainly distributed in the southwestern part. The soils with potential risk of heavy metal pollution were located in isolated spots mainly in the northern part and southeastern corner of the study region. The FCM algorithm combined with geostatistical techniques, as compared to conventional single geostatistical kriging methods, could produce a prediction with a quantitative uncertainty evaluation and higher reliability. Successful prediction of soil pollution achieved with FCM algorithm in this study indicated that fuzzy set theory had great potential for use in other areas of soil science.

关键词： continuous classification fuzzy c-means heavy metal soil pollution spatial prediction

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Potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for soil health:A review

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 279-288页

作者： Junling ZHANG Ruotong ZHAO Xia LI Jiangzhou ZHANG College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Agronomy and Life Science Shanxi Datong UniversityDatong 037009China College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

soil health is an important component of“One Health”.soils provide habitat to diverse and abundant *** microbial diversity and functions is essential for building healthy soils towards sustainable *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form potentially symbiotic associations with approximately 80%of land plant species that are well recognized for carbon flux and nutrient *** addition to disentangling the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms between the two partners,recent advances in hyphosphere research highlight some emerging roles of AMF and associated microbes in the delivery of soil *** paper reviews the contribution of AMF to soil health in agroecosystems,with a major focus on recent progress in the contribution of hyphosphere microbiome to nutrient cycling,carbon sequestration,and soil *** hyphosphere microbiome and fungal stimulants open avenues for developing new fertilizer formulas to promote AMF *** practice,developing AMF-friendly management strategies will have long-term positive effects on sustainable agriculture aiming at simultaneously providing food security,increasing resource use efficiency,and maintaining environment integrity.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-friendly management strategies carbon sequestration hyphosphere microbiome nutrient cycling soil aggregation soilfunctions

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The Community Abundance and Diversity of Arable soil Insect Community Following Different fertilizer Treatments in Xinjiang, China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第2期7卷 210-216页

作者： LIN Ying-hua LIU Hua ZHANG Shu-qing ZHANG Fu-dao Key Laboratory of Forest Protection State Forestry Administration/Research Institute of Ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 P.R.China Institute of soil and fertilizer Xinjiang Academy of Agricuhural Sciences Urumqi 830000 P.R.China Institute of Agricuhural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China

The soil insect community was studied in grey desert soil district in September 2004. 90 soil samples and 100 pitfalls were collected from 10 treatments, i.e., abandonment （Aband.）, CK, N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, MNPK （fertilizer N：organic N = 3：7）, 1.5MNPK, and SNPK. 4915 soil insects （128 unknown）, as individuals belonging to 9 orders and 33 families, were obtained by pitfall traps and modified Tullgren methods. The results showed that, based on the number of individuals and groups, the macro fauna in total reached their peaks in abandonment, whereas meso and micro fauna in N and PK, respectively. Of the 10 treatments, the most dominant of soil insect composition was in MNPK and most evenness was N. The result by Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that the distribution of the arable soil insect was significantly impacted by different fertilizer treatments （X0.05（9） = 23.38, P 〈 0.005）, and soil insect group of the abandonment was significantly different from that of other fertilizer treatments. The soil insect community was divided into five groups by non-metric- MDS analysis：（1） NPK, MNPK, 1.5MNPK, CK, （2） NP and PK, （3） NK and N, （4） SNPK, and （5） abandonment, which indicated that distribution of soil insect was related to the character of the fertilizer. In the principal component analysis, two factors explained 98.51% of the total variation among the 10 treatments, and the factor one explained that N and SNPK positively affected soil insect community, whereas factor two explained that 1.5MNPK positively affected soil insect community, which showed that the diversified fertilizer did not evenly affect the soil insect community.

关键词： soil insect fertilizer non-metric multidimentional scaling (non-metric-MDS) principal component analysis(PCA)

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