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Infectivity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome during Its Incubation Period

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期22卷 502-510页

作者： GUANG ZENG SHU-YUN XIE QIN LI JIAN-MING OU Chinese Field epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Chinese Field epidemiology Training Program and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Huangzhou 310052Zhejiang China Chinese Field epidemiology Training Program and Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chongqing 400042 China Chinese Field epidemiology Training Program and Fujian ProvincialCenter for Disease Control and Prevention Fuzhou 350001 Fujian China

Objective To evaluate the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） during its incubation period by investigating chains of transmission and individuals isolated for medical observation with a view to providing scientific evidence for updating protocols of medical isolation. Methods Individuals related with the two SARS chains of transmission in Beijing in 2003 and a group of individuals isolated for medical observation in Haidian district of Beijing during the SARS outbreak were selected as subjects of study. Contactors with SARS patients and those with symptom development following the contacts were investigated via questionnaire. Serum samples were collected from super transmitters and tested for SARS-CoV antibody by neutralization test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results A total of 1 112 contactors were investigated in three surveys. Of them, 669 had a history of close contact with symptomatic SARS patients, 101 developed symptoms with a rate of 15.1%, 363 had a history of close contact with patients in their incubation period, none of whom developed symptoms （0%）. Serum samples were collected fi＇om 32 highly-exposed individuals, of whom 13 developing SARS symptoms atter contact had serum samples positive for SARS-CoV antibody. Samples collected from the asymptomatic contactors were all negative for SARS-CoV antibody. Conclusion SARS cases are infectious only during their symptomatic period and are non-infectious during the incubation period. Isolation for medical observation should be placed for individuals who are in close contact with symptomatic SARS patients. The results of our study are of decisive significance for the Ministry of Health to the definition of SARS close contactor.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome Chain of transmission Incubation period Symptomatic period Infectivity

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First Outbreak of Occupational Brucellosis Involving Multiple Clusters--Hubei Province,China,2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第39期2卷 757-760页

作者： Zhong Zhang Yeqing Tong Xinjun Lei Li Liu Zhiqiang Deng Fei Sun Huilai Ma Zhaorui Chang Lijie Zhang Huihui Liu Qi Chen Jianzhong Zheng Haibing Chen Ximei Sun Yang Wu Xuhua Guan Nanjing Municipal Center for disease control and Prevention NanjingChina Chinese Field epidemiology Training Program(CFETP) BeijingChina Hubei Provincial Center for disease control and Prevention WuhanChina Chongyang Center for disease control and Prevention XianningChina Nanchang Municipal Center for disease control and Prevention NanchangChina Yiling Center for disease control and Prevention YichangChina Division of infectious disease Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious DiseaseChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Xianning Municipal Center for disease control and Prevention XianningChina Jiayu Center for disease control and Prevention XianningChina.

What is already known on this topic?Human brucellosis,a neglected zoonotic disease,causes more than 500,000 new cases each year *** disease is of major public health concern in China,and northern provinces are traditionally endemic *** is added by this report?This is the first published outbreak of occupational brucellosis involving multiple clusters in Hubei *** investigation characterizes the transmission chain of the outbreak and reveals that provinces south of the Yangtze River are faced with a series of challenges and hurdles to overcome including,but not limited to,health education,law enforcement,and occupational *** are the implications for public health practice?In addition to measures aimed at this outbreak,the local agricultural department has issued special notices based on this investigation to adjust and strengthen local eradication program of brucellosis.

关键词： overcome neglected Yangtze

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Changes in HIV-1 Subtypes/Sub-Subtypes,and Transmitted Drug Resistance Among ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Individuals—China,2004–2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第30期5卷 664-671,I0010-I0012页

作者： Xiu Liu Dong Wang Jing Hu Chang Song Lingjie Liao Yi Feng Dan Li Hui Xing Yuhua Ruan State Key Laboratory of infectious disease Prevention and control(SKLID) National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesBeijingChina.

Introduction:The efficacy of treatment and clinical outcomes may be jeopardized by factors such as transmitted drug resistance(TDR)and the genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1).This comprehensive study aims to examine the alterations in HIV-1 subtypes or sub-subtypes and TDR among Chinese individuals,who have been diagnosed with HIV infection and are previously untreated with antiretroviral therapy(ART),across the span of 2004 to ***:Sequences of the HIV-1 pol gene region were obtained from ART-naïve HIV-positive individuals across 31 provincial-level administrative divisions between 2004 and *** predict susceptibility to 12 antiretroviral drugs,the research utilized the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance *** Cochran-Armitage trend test facilitated the analysis of changes in HIV-1 subtype/sub-subtype prevalence and *** analysis was conducted in alignment with the progression of the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program’s stages between 2004 and ***:Among the 57,902 ART-naïve individuals infected with HIV,there was a notable decline in the prevalence of CRF01_AE,B,and C from 37.3%,24.1%,and 1.3%respectively in 2004–2007 to 29.4%,7.3%,and 0.2%respectively in 2020–***,a significant increase was observed in the proportions of CRF07_BC,CRF08_BC,CRF55_01B,other CRFs,and URFs,from 24.1%,11.5%,0.1%,0.4%,and 0.9%respectively in 2004–2007 to 40.8%,11.5%,3.8%,3.7%,and 2.8%respectively in 2020–2022(all P<0.001 for trend).The prevalence of TDR to overall,non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NNRTI),efavirenz,and nevirapine also significantly increased from 2.6%,1.8%,1.6%,and 1.8%respectively in 2004–2007 to 7.8%,6.7%,6.3%,and 6.7%respectively in 2020–2022(all P<0.001 for trend).However,there were no meaningful changes in the TDR prevalence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease ***,in 2020–2022,the overall TDR prevalence exceeded 15%in ***

关键词： prevalence alterations drugs

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epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第38期21卷 10790-10810页

作者： Peng Huang Li-Guo Zhu Ye-Fei Zhu Ming Yue Jing Su Feng-Cai Zhu Hai-Tao Yang Yun Zhang Hong-Bing Shen Rong-Bin Yu Xiang-Jun Zhai Zhi-Hang Peng Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Jiangsu Provincial Centre for disease control and Prevention Department of infectious disease The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Department of epidemiology Medical Institute of Nanjing Army

In Iran,the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is relatively low according to the populationbased epidemiological studies. However,the epidemiology of HCV is changing and the rate of HCV infection is increasing due to the growth in the number of injecting drug users in the society. In addition,a shift has occurred in the distribution pattern of HCV genotypes among HCV-infected patients in Iran. Genotype 1a is the most prevalent genotype in Iran,but in recent years,an increase in the frequency of 3a and a decrease in 1a and 1b have been reported. These variations in the epidemiology of HCV reflect differences in the routes of transmission,status of public health,lifestyles,and risk factors in different groups and geographic regions of Iran. Health policy makers should consider these differences to establish better strategies for control and prevention of HCV infection. Therefore,this review was conducted to present a clear view regarding the current epidemiology of HCV infection in Iran.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Blood donors Injecting drug user

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Epidemiological Survey of First Human Brucellosis Outbreak Caused by the Sika Deer(Cervus nippon)—Guizhou Province,China,2019

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China CDC weekly 2021年第14期3卷 301-303页

作者： Zhongfa Tao Zhangping Yang Yishan Chen Shufeng Yang Jingchao Xu Yue Wang Mingyu Lei Yun Gou Qiulan Chen Yan Huang Guizhou Provincial Center for disease control and Prevention GuiyangGuizhouChina Division of infectious disease Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious DiseaseChina Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina China Field epidemiology Training Project BeijingChina Qiandongnan Prefecture Center for disease control and Prevention KailiGuizhouChina Emory University America Leishan County Center for disease control and Prevention LeishanGuizhouChina Qiannan Prefecture Center for disease control and Prevention DuyunGuizhouChina.

Summary What is already known on this topic?Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella *** main source of infection in human brucellosis is sick animals,mainly including sheep,goat,and cattle,but sika deer(Cervus nippon)can also cause human *** first human brucellosis case in Guizhou Province was reported in 2009,and no brucellosis outbreak was reported caused by sika deer ever before.

关键词： Guizhou nippon break

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Aedes Surveillance and Risk Warnings for Dengue—China,2016−2019

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China CDC weekly 2020年第24期2卷 431-437页

作者： Xiaobo Liu Qiyong Liu State Key Laboratory of infectious disease Prevention and control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and ManagementNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Aedes surveillance plays an important role in the risk warning and control of dengue in *** study analyzed Aedes larval density and its indicated dengue risk in 23 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)from 2016 to 2019 to provide scientific evidence for sustainable dengue management(SDM)in the ***:The Breteau index(BI)and Mosq-ovitrap index(MOI)methods were utilized for Aedes larvae surveillance in 23 PLADs with 3 categories based on dengue risk stratification and Aedes *** and MOI were calculated and then dengue risk warning was carried out for the guidance of SDM in these PLADs based on the findings of Aedes ***:The seasonal fluctuations of Aedes larval density were similar in six class I PLADs during 2016–2019,and the density of Aedes larvae was relatively high in the PLADs of Zhejiang,Hainan,and Fujian while it was relatively low in Yunnan and *** Shanghai and Jiangsu,the BI of all other class II PLADs had reached the dengue transmission threshold during the study *** class III PLADs,the BI had reached dengue transmission threshold in most months in Shandong and Hebei during the study *** MOI was higher than 5 from June to September in all the studied years in Guangdong and was higher in most studied years in *** MOI of Beijing in August reached dengue transmission or outbreak threshold from 2017 to *** and Implications for Public Health Practice:Most class I and class II PLADs were at risk of dengue transmission during the surveillance months,2016–*** Aedes surveillance and risk warnings should be carried out in specific PLADs so as to provide scientific basis for SDM in the future.

关键词： Aedes utilized surveillance

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Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Follow-up of Neutralizing Antibody Levels

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期35卷 1100-1105页

作者： CUI Shu Juan ZHANG Yi GAO Wen Jing WANG Xiao Li YANG Peng WANG Quan Yi PANG Xing Huo ZENG Xiao Peng LI Li Ming Institute for infectious disease and Endemic disease control Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing 100013China General Administration of Customs(Beijing)International Travel Health Care Center Beijing 100013China Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China

Objective To investigate neutralizing antibody levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)at 6 and 10 months after disease *** Blood samples were collected at three different time points from 27 asymptomatic individuals and 69 symptomatic patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2).Virus-neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 in both groups were measured and statistically *** The symptomatic and asymptomatic groups had higher neutralizing antibodies at 3 months and 1–2 months post polymerase chain reaction confirmation,***,neutralizing antibodies in both groups dropped significantly to lower levels at 6 months post-PCR *** Continued monitoring of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 is key to controlling the infection.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Symptomatic Asymptomatic Neutralizing antibody

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Economic Evaluation of the Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and control Program—Tianjin Municipality,China,2011-2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第48期5卷 1067-1072页

作者： Maohe Yu Jianping Wang Jinhua Zhao Yan Guo Jianyun Bai Zhongquan Liu Hui Gong Tielin Ning Minna Zheng Jinyu Hou Zhuang Cui STD&AIDS control and Prevention Section Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of infectious disease Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjinChina Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public HealthTianjinChina

What is already known about this topic?Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)represents a significant public health challenge globally,not only inflicting harm on the health of individuals but also placing a considerable economic strain on *** is added by this report?This study represents the inaugural report on the potential reduction in economic burden attributable to human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevention strategies in *** 2011 and 2022,it is estimated that effective measures could prevent 2,965 new HIV infections and avert 658 deaths,resulting in an economic benefit of approximately 14.437 billion Chinese *** are the implications for public health practice?The findings of this study offer valuable evidence to inform the development of localized HIV prevention and control strategies,as well as to guide public health policymaking.

关键词： prevention globally Tianjin

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The economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations in China: a retrospective survey

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infectious diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 371-381页

作者： Juan Yang Mark Jit Kathy S.Leung Ya-ming Zheng Lu-zhao Feng Li-ping Wang Eric H.Y.Lau Joseph T.Wu Hong-jie Yu Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on infectious disease Division of Infectious DiseaseChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention155 Changbai RoadChangping DistrictBeijing 102206China Modelling and Economics Unit of Public Health in England LondonUK Department of infectious disease epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK WHO Collaborating Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and control School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong2/F North WingPatrick Manson Building7 Sassoon RoadPok Fu LamHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Background:The seasonal influenza vaccine coverage rate in China is only 1.9%.There is no information available on the economic burden of influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations at the national level,even though this kind of information is important for informing national-level immunization policy ***:A retrospective telephone survey was conducted in 2013/14 to estimate the direct and indirect costs of seasonal influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from a societal *** participants were laboratory-confirmed cases registered in the National Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Sentinel Surveillance Network in China in ***-reported costs from the survey were validated by a review of hospital accounts for a small sample of the ***:The study enrolled 529 outpatients(median age:eight years;interquartile range[IQR]:five to 20 years)and 254 inpatients(median age:four years;IQR:two to seven years).Among the outpatients,22.1%(117/529)had underlying diseases and among the inpatients,52.8%(134/254)had underlying *** average total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient visits and inpatient visits were US$155(standard deviation,SD US$122)and US$1,511(SD US$1,465),*** medical costs accounted for 45 and 69%of the total costs related to influenza-associated outpatient and inpatient visits,*** influenza outpatients,the mean cost per episode in children aged below five years(US$196)was higher than that in other age groups(US$129–153).For influenza inpatients,the mean cost per episode in adults aged over 60 years(US$2,735)was much higher than that in those aged below 60 years(US$1,417–1,621).Patients with underlying medical conditions had higher costs per episode than patients without underlying medical conditions(outpatients:US$186 ***$146;inpatients:US$1,800 ***$1,189).In the baseline ana

关键词： Influenza Cost analysis China

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Whole-Genome Sequences Analysis Displays Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Between Four Local Cases and Passengers of a Flight from South Africa—Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,China,June 2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第50期3卷 1075-1078,I0005,I0006页

作者： Yaqing He Renli Zhang Qiuying Lyu Bo Peng Shujiang Mei Ying Sun Dongfeng Kong Chaoqiong Peng Ziquan Lyu Xinyi Wei Can Zhu Xiaoliang Xiao Shimin Li Qingju Lu Jiancheng Chen Hang Zhang Xuan Zou Tiejian Feng Long Chen Institute of Pathogen Biology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenGuangdongChina Shenzhen Center for infectious disease control and Prevention Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina Department of Communicable diseases control and Prevention Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenGuangdongChina Shenzhen Center for disease control and Prevention ShenzhenGuangdongChina Laboratory of Molecular epidemiology Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenGuangdongChina.

On June 14,2021,a customs officer(Case A)went to the infirmary at Baoan International Airport in Shenzhen due to a runny nose and *** was admitted to the Central Hospital of Baoan *** patient preliminarily tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),using a quantitative realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)method in this ***,a mixed specimen of nasopharyngeal swab.

关键词： Whole admitted Guangdong

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