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The dynamics of the piglet gut microbiome during the weaning transition in association with health and nutrition

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 971-979页

作者： Robin B.Guevarra Sang Hyun Hong Jin Ho Cho Bo-Ra Kim Jiwon Shin Jun Hyung Lee Bit Na Kang Young Hwa Kim Suphot Wattanaphansak Richard E.Isaacson Minho Song Hyeun Bum Kim Department of Animal resources Science Dankook UniversityCheonanSouth Korea division of Food and Animal Sciences Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea Abbvie Bioresearch Center AbbvieWorcesterMAUSA National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development AdministrationWanjuSouth Korea Department of veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityPathum WanBangkok 10330Thailand Department of veterinary and Biomedical Sciences University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA division of Animal and Dairy Science Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

Background: Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However,limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in ***, we performed 16 S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid ***: The analysis of 16 S rR NA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus Bacteroides with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. Prevotel a and Lactobacil us were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing ***: Overal, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during *** results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.

关键词： Metagenomics Microbiome Piglets 16S rRNA Weaning

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Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Bluetongue Virus

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第1期26卷 8-18页

作者： Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Madhusudhan Hosamani Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Pradeep Narayan Gandhale Gnanavel Venkatesan Raj Kumar Singh division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research Institute Indian veterinary Research Institute Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance National Research Centre on Equines and veterinary Type Culture Centre

In the present study,a total of 24 MAbs were produced against bluetongue virus (BTV) by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) mediated fusion method using sensitized lymphocytes and myeloma cells. All these clones were characterized for their reactivity to whole virus and recombinant BTV-VP7 protein,titres,isotypes and their reactivity with 24 BTV-serotype specific sera in cELISA. Out of 24 clones,a majority of them (n = 18) belong to various IgG subclasses and the remaining (n = 6) to the IgM class. A panel of eight clones reactive to both whole BTV and purified rVP7 protein were identified based on their reactivity in iELISA. For competitive ELISA,the clone designated as 4A10 showed better inhibition to hyperimmune serum of BTV serotype 23. However,this clone showed a variable percent of inhibition ranging from16.6% with BTV 12 serotype to 78.9% with BTV16 serotype using 24 serotype specific sera of BTV originating from guinea pig at their lowest dilutions. From the available panel of clones,only 4A10 was found to have a possible diagnostic application.

关键词： Bluetongue virus Competitive ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Monoclonal antibody India.

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Detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance determinants(tetA and tetB) from food-borne Bacillus cereus isolates

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第9期5卷 709-712页

作者： Mudasir Ali Rather Rabinder Singh Aulakh Jatinder Paul Singh Gill Abdul Qayoom Mir Mir Nadeem Hassan division of veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal HusbandrySKUAST-KJ&K(190 006)India Department of veterinary Public Health Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University-Ludhiana(141 004)PunjabIndia

Objective:To investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes(tet A and tet B) from food-borne and standard strains of Bacillus cereus(B. cereus).Methods:PCR was carried out to detect the tetracycline resistance genes(tet A and tet B) in food-borne *** strains and the amplified products were ***:The phenotypic resistance against tetracycline was observed in 39 of the 118 food-borne isolates and two reference strains(MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307) of *** the phenotypically resistant isolates,tet A was detected in 36 food-borne isolates and two reference strains(MTCC 430 and MTCC 1307).whereas,tel B was detected in 12 food-bome isolates and MTCC 1307 strain. Conclusions:A close association was therefore found between phenotypic resistance against tetracycline and presence of tetracycline resistance *** tet A and tet B gene fragments were amplified,purified and *** gene sequences of the isolates studied herein were found similar to tetA and tetB gene sequences of other bacteria available in *** occurrence of tetA and tetB genes in *** indicate the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants from other bacteria into *** transfer of these resistant determinants to other potentially pathogenic bacteria may be a matter of great concern.

关键词： Bacillus cereus Tetracycline resistance tetA tetB Sequencing

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Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： Cassandra D.PAULING Deborah L.FINKE Deborah M.ANDERSON Department of veterinary Pathobiology University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate *** rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of *** the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit *** particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these *** this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were *** collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been *** analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of ***,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： plague prairie dogs soil moisture soil temperature sylvatic cycle Yersinia pestis

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Detection of Bluetongue Virus Group-specific Antigen Using Monoclonal Antibody Based Sandwich ELISA

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Virologica Sinica 2010年第6期25卷 390-400页

作者： Pradeep Narayan Gandhale Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Madhusudhan Hosamani Gnanavel Venkatesan Raj Kumar Singh division of Virology Indian Veterinary Research Institute Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance Indian veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre on Equines

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the bluetongue virus (BTV) group specific antigen (VP7) was characterized for its reactivity with purified virus and recombinant BTV VP7 (rVP7) protein and its suitability for use in the sandwich *** MAb,designated as 5B5 was specific to VP7 and belongs to IgG2a subclass and was selected for the development of the sELISA in this *** MAb had a titer of 1:25 with BTV and 1:2 with the rVP7 *** sELISA is based on capturing of BTV antigen with VP7 specific MAb followed by detection using BTV polyclonal antiserum raised in *** assay was evaluated with six cell culture adapted serotypes of BTV that have been isolated from India,1,2,15,17,18 and *** assay could detect BTV antigen as early as day 8 in *** was also successfully applied for the detection of BTV group specific antigen in clinical samples of blood,washed RBCs,buffy coat and plasma.A total of 102 field samples from animals,suspected of being infected with BTV,were tested and 29.42% were *** blood samples were also amplified in cell culture which improved the sensitivity of the *** confirmed that the sELISA is rapid and specific.

关键词： Bluetongue Diagnosis ELISA Monoclonal antibody Sandwich ELISA

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Guinea pigs as an animal model for sciatic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第3期12卷 452-457页

作者： Malik Abu Rafee Amarpal Prakash Kinjavdekar Hari Prasad Aithal Sajad Ahmad Wani Irfan Ahmad Bhat division of Surgery Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUPIndia division of veterinary Biotechnology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUPIndia division of veterinary Physiology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUPIndia

The overwhelming use of rat models in nerve regeneration studies is likely to induce skewness in treatment *** address the problem,this study was conducted in 8 adult guinea pigs of either sex to investigate the suitability of guinea pig as an alternative model for nerve regeneration studies.A crush injury was inflicted to the sciatic nerve of the left limb,which led to significant decrease in the pain perception and neurorecovery up to the 4th *** of foot print and shortening of toe spread were observed in the paw after nerve injury.A 3.49 ± 0.35 fold increase in expression of neuropilin 1（NRP1） gene and 2.09 ± 0.51 fold increase in neuropilin 2（NRP2） gene were recorded 1 week after nerve injury as compared to the normal *** of gastrocnemius muscle weight and volume of the experimental limb to control limb showed more than 50% decrease on the 30 th ***,vacuolated appearance of the nerve was observed with presence of degenerated myelin debris in digestion *** muscle also showed degenerative *** electron microscopy revealed loose and rough arrangement of connective tissue fibrils and presence of large spherical globules in crushed sciatic *** findings suggest that guinea pigs could be used as an alternative animal model for nerve regeneration studies and might be preferred over rats due to their cooperative nature while recording different parameters.

关键词： nerve regeneration Guinea pigs animal model sciatic nerve injury foot print length neuropilin histopathology neural regeneration

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Unraveling links between aging,circadian rhythm and cancer:Insights from evidence-based analysis

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第3期36卷 341-350页

作者： Dechao Feng Yuhan Xiao Jie Wang Ruicheng Wu Zhouting Tuo Koo Han Yoo Wuran Wei Dilinaer Wusiman Zhipeng Wang Dengxiong Li Yubo Yang William C.Cho Mang Ke Department of Urology Institute of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China division of Surgery&Interventional Science University College LondonLondon W1W 7TSUK Department of Urology Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical UniversityTaizhou 317000China Department of Urology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601China Department of Urology Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 130-701South Korea Department of Comparative Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Purdue Institute for Cancer Research Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Urology Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072China Department of Urology Three Gorges HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing 404000China Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong Kong SARChina

Aging and circadian rhythms have been connected for decades,but their molecular interaction has remained unknown,especially for *** this situation,we summarized the current research actuality and problems in this field using the bibliometric *** in the PubMed and Web of Science databases were ***,there is a rising trend in the publication volume regarding aging and circadian rhythms in the field of *** from USA,Germany,Italy,China and England have greater studies than *** three publication institutions are University of California System,UDICE-French Research Universities and University of Texas *** research hotspots include oxidative stress,breast cancer,melatonin,cell cycle,calorie restriction,prostate cancer and NF-κ*** conclusion,results generated by bibliometric analysis indicate that many approaches involve in the complex interactions between aging and circadian rhythm in *** established and emerging research directions guide our exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of aging and circadian rhythms in cancer and provide a reference for developing new research avenues.

关键词： Aging circadian rhythm human cancer bibliometric analysis oxidative stress

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In vitro meat production: Challenges and benefits over conventional meat production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 241-248页

作者： Zuhaib Fayaz Bhat Sunil Kumar Hina Fayaz division of Livestock Products Technology Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of JammuJammu 181102 India division of Biotechnology University of KashmirSrinagar 190006 India

In vitro meat production system is the production of meat outside the food animals by culturing the stem cells derived from farm animals inside the bioreactor by using advanced tissue engineering techniques. Besides winning the favour of animal rights activists for its humane production of meat, in vitro meat production system also circumvents many of the issues associated with conventional meat production systems, like excessively brutal slaughter of food animals, nutrition-related diseases, foodborne illnesses, resource use, antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains, and massive emissions of methane that contribute to global warming. As the conditions in an in vitro meat production system are controlled and manipulatable, it will be feasible to produce designer, chemically safe and disease-free meat on sustainable basis. However, many challenges are to be faced before cultured meat becomes commercially feasible. Although, the production cost and the public acceptance are of paramount importance, huge funds are desperately required for further research in the field.

关键词： in vitro meat history advantages techniques problems

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Genetic outcomes from the translocations of the critically endangered woylie

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 294-310页

作者： Carlo PACIONI Adrian F. WAYNE Peter B. S. SPENCER School of veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch 6150 Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation Science Division Manjimup 6258 Western Australia

Translocations are an important conservation strategy for many species. However simply observing demographic growth of a translocated population is not sufficient to infer species recovery. Adequate genetic representation of the source population（s） and their long-term viability should also be considered. The woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi has been subject to more formal translocations for conservation than any other marsupial that, up until recently, has resulted in one of the most suc- cessful species recoveries in Australia. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to assess the genetic outcomes of trans- located woylie populations. These populations have lost genetic variability, differentiated fxom their source population and the supplementation program on two island populations appears to have failed. We discuss the conservation implications that our re- suits have for managing threatened species, outline some general recommendations for the management of present and future translocations and discuss the appropriate sampling design for the establishment of new populations or captive breeding programs that may mitigate the genetic ＇erosion＇ seen in our study species. This research provides some practical outcomes and a pragmatic understanding of translocation biology. The findings are directly applicable to other translocation programs .

关键词： Bettongia penicillata Macropod translocation Supplementation Microsatellites mtDNA

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Erythromycin Resistance of Streptococcus suis Isolates In Vivo

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第4期8卷 502-507页

作者： JIANG Cheng-gang LI Yan-hua CAI Xue-hui QIU Hua-ji TONG Heng-min LIU Di-qiu LEI Lian-cheng SUN Chang-jiang division of Swine Infectious Diseases National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150001 P.R. China Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 P.R.China Husbandry and veterinary Institute of Jilin University Changchun 130062 P.R.China

In order to study erythromycin resistance of Streptococcus suis under high or low concentration of selective drug pressure, Streptococcus suis strain LN was isolated from a diseased pig in 2005 and showed to be susceptible to erythromycin as determined by disc diffusion and tube dilution tests. In this study, clean level rabbits were divided into three groups of six rabbits each, including a prevention dosage group, a treatment dosage group, and a control group. After injection with S. suis strain LN, erythromycin （20 μg mL^-1） was taken orally in the prevention dosage group, erythromycin （5 mg kg^-1） was injected intramuscularly in the treatment dosage group, and no treatment was given in the control group. S. suis with intermediate resistance to erythromycin was isolated on the 5th day after infection from the prevention dosage group （5th PDG） and on the 7th day after infection from the treatment dosage group （7th TDG）. Both isolates were determined to be the constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B （cMLSB） resistance phenotype. The resistance gene ermB was detected in all of the isolates. The results suggested that both the 5th PDG and 7th TDG isolates had a mutation （A2372T） in the 23S rRNA gene. In addition, the 5th PDG isolates had a mutation in ribosomal protein L4 （detected as G268A） and a mutation in ribosomal protein L22 （A345C）; and the 7th TDG isolates had a C insertion at site 564. Each of these mutations is considered as a possible mechanism of erythromycin resistance in S. suis strain LN. This study demonstrated that erythromycin resistance was readily induced in S. suis at a low erythromycin dose creating selective pressure in vivo. Resistance appeared to be mediated by ribosome methylation, encoded by the ermB gene.

关键词： Streptococcus suis erythromycin in vivo resistance

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