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Improved Safety for Automotive Lithium Batteries:An Innovative Approach to include an Emergency Cooling Element

Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2014年第2期4卷 197-207页

作者： Peter Kritzer Harry Doring Brita Emermacher Advanced Product Engineering Freudenberg Sealing Technologies GmbH&Co.KGWeinheimGermany Electrochemical energy Technologies Zentrum für Sonnenergie und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-WürttembergUlmGermany

This paper describes a concept for an independent and redundant safety concept for Lithium batteries in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. This concept includes an emergency cooling system based on pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2). Since carbon dioxide (CO2) is a possible medium of future mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems, the MAC system can be utilized for the one-time emergency cooling described in this paper. In the first part of the paper, some major safety aspects of automotive Li batteries are highlighted. In the second section, the paper describes a technical approach, how these batteries can be made safer. Pressurized CO2, which is a promising candidate for cooling liquids used in future mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems, is used to effectively cool down an overheating or up-heating battery in a critical state. The safety system thereby is not based on an electrical effect, but on a direct and fast-reacting thermal conduction, avoiding a thermal runaway of individual cells. The application of the proposed system is to act preventively just before the thermal runaway gets uncontrollable. In this case, the limited amount of CO2, which is available in the MAC system, fulfils the emergency cooling requirements. The combination of standard car components for the concept leads to an only moderate increase of the total weight and the additional system costs. Therefore, the described system might be of interest for car, battery and air conditioning system producers. This paper explains that the synergetic combination of CO2-based MAC systems and Li-based batteries is an innovative approach to improve environmental compatibility in future vehicles. The concept is proven experimentally on a lab scale with battery cells and battery packs consisting of four serially connected cells, respectively.

关键词： Lithium Batteries Safety Electric Vehicle(EV) Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) Cooling System Air conditioning System Safety thermal Runaway

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Modelling of piping collapses and gully headcut landforms: Evaluating topographic variables from different types of DEM

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 129-146页

作者： Alireza Arabameri Fatemeh Rezaie Subodh Chandra Pal Artemi Cerda Asish Saha Rabin Chakrabortty Saro Lee Department of Geomorphology Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehran 14117-13116Iran Geoscience Platform Research division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM)124 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34132South Korea Department of Geophysical Exploration Korea University of Science and Technology217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34113South Korea Department of Geography The University of BurdwanBardhamanWest Bengal 713104India Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Departament de GeografiaUniversitat de ValènciaBlasco Ibàñez2846010-ValenciaSpain

The geomorphic studies are extremely dependent on the quality and spatial resolution of digital elevation model(DEM)*** unique terrain characteristics of a particular landscape are derived from DEM,which are responsible for initiation and development of ephemeral *** the topographic features of an area significantly influences on the erosive power of the water flow,it is an important task the extraction of terrain features from DEM to properly research gully ***,topography is highly correlated with other geo-environmental factors ***,climate,soil types,vegetation density and floristic composition,runoff generation,which ultimately influences on gully ***,terrain morphometric attributes derived from DEM data are used in spatial prediction of gully erosion susceptibility(GES)*** this study,remote sensing-Geographic information system(GIS)techniques coupled with machine learning(ML)methods has been used for GES mapping in the parts of Semnan province,*** research focuses on the comparison of predicted GES result by using three types of DEM *** Land Observation satellite(ALOS),ALOS World 3D-30 m(AW3D30)and Advanced Space borne thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)in different *** further progress of our research work,here we have used thirteen suitable geo-environmental gully erosion conditioning factors(GECFs)based on the multi-collinearity *** methods of conditional inference forests(Cforest),Cubist model and Elastic net model have been chosen for modelling GES ***’s importance of GECFs was measured through sensitivity analysis and result show that elevation is the most important factor for occurrences of gullies in the three aforementioned ML methods(Cforest=21.4,Cubist=19.65 and Elastic net=17.08),followed by lithology and *** of the model’s result was performed through area under curve(AUC)and other statistical *** valid

关键词： Digital elevation model(DEM) Gully erosion susceptibility(GES) Advanced land observation satellite(ALOS) Cforest Cubist Elastic net

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Fundamentals and comprehensive insights on pulsed laser synthesis of advanced materials for diverse photo-and electrocatalytic applications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第9期11卷 2018-2064页

作者： Jayaraman Theerthagiri K Karuppasamy Seung Jun Lee R.Shwetharani Hyun-Seok Kim S.K Khadheer Pasha Muthupandian Ashokkumar Myong Yong Choi Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry&Nanomaterials Department of ChemistryResearch Institute of Natural SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul 04620Republic of Korea Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain UniversityJain Global CampusKanakapuraBangalore 562112 KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Vellore Institute of Technology(Amaravati Campus)Amaravati522501 GunturAndhra PradeshIndia School of Chemistry University of MelbourneParkville CampusMelbourneVIC 3010Australia

The global energy crisis is increasing the demand for innovative materials with high purity and functionality for the development of clean energy production and *** development of novel photo-and electrocatalysts significantly depends on synthetic techniques that facilitate the production of tailored advanced *** emerging use of pulsed laser in liquid synthesis has attracted immense interest as an effective synthetic technology with several advantages over conventional chemical and physical synthetic routes,including the fine-tuning of size,composition,surface,and crystalline structures,and defect densities and is associated with the catalytic,electronic,thermal,optical,and mechanical properties of the produced ***,we present an overview of the fundamental understanding and importance of the pulsed laser process,namely various roles and mechanisms involved in the production of various types of nanomaterials,such as metal nanoparticles,oxides,non-oxides,and carbon-based *** mainly cover the advancement of photo-and electrocatalytic nanomaterials via pulsed laser-assisted technologies with detailed mechanistic insights and structural optimization along with effective catalytic performances in various energy and environmental remediation ***,the future directions and challenges of pulsed laser techniques are briefly *** review can exert practical guidance for the future design and fabrication of innovative pulsed laser-induced nanomaterials with fascinating properties for advanced catalysis applications.

关键词： insight synthesis comprehensive

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Comparative Study of thermal Comfort Induced from Masonry Made of Stabilized Compressed Earth Block vs Conventional Cementitious Material

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2019年第6期7卷 385-403页

作者： Hassane Seini Moussa Philbert Nshimiyimana Césaire Hema Ousmane Zoungrana Adamah Messan Luc Courard Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE) Laboratoire Eco-Matériaux et Habitats Durables (LEMHaD) Rue de la Science Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université de Liège (ULiège) Urban and Environmental Engineering (UEE) Liège Belgium Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Architecture et Climat Louvain-La-Neuve Belgium Université de Liège (ULiège) Service socio-anthropologie du développement Liège Belgium

This paper investigates the stabilization effect on compressed earth blocks (CEB) produced from quartz-kaolinite rich earthen material stabilized with 0% - 25% calcium carbide residue (CCR). The paper evaluated various physico-thermal properties of the stabilized CEB and thermal comfort in the model building made of CEB masonry. The optical properties of CEB were evaluated from the mineral composition of the earthen material and CCR and apparent density of the CEB. A simulation was carried out on naturally ventilated model building whose masonry is made of CCR stabilized CEB comparing to the so-called conventional cementitious materials such as cement blocks and concrete. The results showed a decrease of the apparent density of the CEB from 2100 kg·m–3 for unstabilized CEB (0% CCR) to 1600 kg·m–3 for 25% CCR stabilized CEB. The thermal conductivity and depth of penetration of the heat flux on a 24 hours period of CEB respectively decreased from 1 W·m–1·K–1 and 12.7 cm for 0% CCR-CEB to 0.5 W·m–1·K–1 and 10.2 cm for 25% CCR-CEB. The emissivity, solar absorptivity and visible absorptivity of the CEB respectively decreased from 0.82, 0.82 and 0.82 for 0% CCR-CEB to 0.80, 0.64 and 0.64 for 25% CCR-CEB. The number of hours of warm and humid thermal discomfort was impacted for stabilized CEB based masonry in comparison with cement based masonry. The warm discomfort in building made of 20% CCR-CEB masonry was 400 hours lesser than that in building made of hollow cement blocks masonry. If air conditioning system is used to keep the indoor temperature below 28°C, the economy of 310,000 CFA francs (535 USD) is made every year on energy consumption for cooling in the model building made of 20% CCR-CEB masonry, corresponding to 9.6% less, with respect to that made of hollow cement blocks masonry.

关键词： Calcium Carbide Residue Compressed Earth Block Cementitious Materials energy Plus Software thermal Comfort

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In Situ Wood Delignification toward Sustainable Applications

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第8期2卷 606-620页

作者： Jianguo Li Chaoji Chen J.Y.Zhu Arthur J.Ragauskas Liangbing Hu Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States Forest Products Laboratory USDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsin 53726United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Renewable Carbon Department of ForestryWildlifeand FisheriesUniversity of Tennessee Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996United States Bioenergy Science Center&Center for Bioenergy Innovation Biosciences DivisionUniversity of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Joint Institute for Biological ScienceOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831United States Center for Materials Innovation University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States

CONSPECTUS:As one of the most abundant and versatile natural materials on Earth,recently wood has attracted tremendous attention from scientists and engineers due to its outstanding advantages,including hierarchically porous microstructure,high mechanical strength,environmental friendliness,renewability,and ***’s hierarchically porous structure and chemical components(e.g.,cellulose,hemicelluloses,and lignin)enable its mechanical,ionic,optical,and thermal properties to be tuned via physical,chemical,and/or thermal *** these various approaches,the chemical delignification of bulk wood is the most fascinating,in which the majority of lignin and hemicelluloses is removed while leaving the cellulose intact,maintaining wood’s physical integrity and hierarchical *** delignified structure is unique,composed of hollow,aligned channels made up of cellulose microfibrils,and particularly attractive given its origin from a sustainable and renewable *** a result,delignified wood has attracted increasing attention for applications that go far beyond traditional wood utilization,such as lightweight yet strong structural materials,energy storage and conversion,environmental remediation,flexible electronics,and *** Account reviews recent developments in bulk wood delignification strategies toward the achievement of such advanced wood technologies for sustainable applications,with a focus on the research in our *** to chemical pulping and bleaching,wood delignification involves a series of nucleophilic reactions based on alkaline Na2SO3 or Na2S systems(i.e.,chemical pulping)or electrophilic,radical,and oxidation reactions based on H2O2,ClO2,or NaClO systems(i.e.,chemical bleaching)to deconstruct,fragment,and promote the hydrophilicity of lignin macromolecules,which finally make lignin easier to be *** discuss the structure and properties of partially and near-completely delignified wood,with a focus

关键词： removed attractive versatile

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