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Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes:a 16-year prospective cohort study

Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Lu Gan Yi Yang Bin Zhao Kai Yu Kehua Guo Fang Fang Zhiguang Zhou Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityFurong Laboratory division of Cancer epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Department of Health and Human Services School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility,and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariableadjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of T2D. During a median follow-up of13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of T2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=0.70 [0.62–0.79], 0.74 [0.67–0.82], and 0.83 [0.75–0.92], respectively, all P for trend <0.005). In contrast, a higher intake of starch and carbohydrate from starchy vegetables was associated with an increased risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95%CI]=1.31 [1.16–1.48] and 1.19 [1.09–1.31], respectively, both P for trend <0.005). Replacing one serving of refined grains or starchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of T2D(all P values <0.001).The observed associations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to T2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between T

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Qidong: a crucible for studies on liver cancer etiology and prevention

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Cancer biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 24-37页

作者： Jianguo Chen Jian Zhu Gaoren Wang John D.Groopman Thomas W.Kensler Department of epidemiology Qidong Liver Cancer Institute Department of epidemiology Tumor Hospital Nantong University Department of Environmental health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health public health Sciences division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Qidong(Jiangsu, China) has been of interest to cancer epidemiologists and biologists because, until recently, it was an endemic area for liver cancer, having amongst the highest incidence rates in the world. The establishment of the Qidong Cancer Registry together with the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 has charted the patterns of liver cancer incidence and mortality in a stable population throughout a period of enormous economic, social, and environmental changes as well as of improvements in health care delivery. Updated incidence trends in Qidong are described. Notably, the China age-standardized incidence rate for liver cancer has dropped by over 50% in the past several decades. Molecular epidemiologic and genomic deep sequencing studies have affirmed that infection with hepatitis B virus as well as dietary exposure to aflatoxins through contamination of dietary staples such as corn, and to microcystins–blue-green algal toxins found in ditch and pond water – were likely important etiologic factors that account for the high incidence of liver cancer in this region. public health initiatives to facilitate universal vaccination of newborns against HBV and to improve drinking water sources in this rural area, as well as economic and social mandates serendipitously facilitating dietary diversity, have led to precipitous declines in exposures to these etiologic factors, concomitantly driving substantive declines in the liver cancer incidence seen now in Qidong. In this regard, Qidong serves as a template for the global impact that a package of intervention strategies may exert on cancer burden.

关键词： Liver cancer incidence hepatitis B virus aflatoxin microcystin screening chemoprevention mutational signature

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Pathway-based Analysis of the Hidden Genetic Heterogeneities in Cancers

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2014年第1期12卷 31-38页

作者： Xiaolei Zhao Shouqiang Zhong Xiaoyu Zuo Meihua Lin Jiheng Qin Yizhao Luan Naizun Zhang Yan Liang Shaoqi Rao Institute for Medical Systems biology and Department of Medical Statistics and epidemiology School of Public HealthGuangdong Medical College Maoming People’s Hospital Department of Medical Statistics and epidemiology School of Public HealthSun Yat-Sen University

Many cancers apparently showing similar phenotypes are actually distinct at the molecular level,leading to very different responses to the same *** has been recently demonstrated that pathway-based approaches are robust and reliable for genetic analysis of ***,it remains unclear whether such function-based approaches are useful in deciphering molecular heterogeneities in ***,we aimed to test this possibility in the present ***,we used a NCI60 dataset to validate the ability of pathways to correctly partition ***,we applied the proposed method to identify the hidden subtypes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）.Finally,the clinical significance of the identified subtypes was verified using survival *** the NCI60 dataset,we achieved highly accurate partitions that best fit the clinical cancer ***,for a DLBCL dataset,we identified three hidden subtypes that showed very different 10-year overall survival rates （90％,46％ and 20％） and were highly significantly （P =0.008） correlated with the clinical survival *** study demonstrated that the pathwaybased approach is promising for unveiling genetic heterogeneities in complex human diseases.

关键词： Genetic heterogeneity Pathway-based approach Sample partitioning Enrichment analysis Survival analysis Cancer

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Pulmonary diseases induced by ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles in twenty-first century

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National Science Review 2016年第4期3卷 416-429页

作者： Tian Xia Yifang Zhu Lina Mu Zuo-Feng Zhang Sijin Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences division of Nano Medicine Department of MedicineUniversity of California Los Angeles Department of Environmental health Sciences Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California Los Angeles Department of epidemiology and Environmental health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo Department of epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California Los Angeles

Air pollution is a severe threat to public health globally,afecting everyone in developed and developing countries *** diferent air pollutants,particulate mater(PM),particularly combustion-produced ine PM(PM2.5) has been shown to play a major role in inducing various adverse health *** associations have been demonstrated by epidemiological and toxicological studies between increases in PM2.5 concentrations and premature mortality,cardiopulmonary diseases,asthma and allergic sensitization,and lung *** mechanisms of PM-induced toxicological efects are related to their size,chemical composition,lung clearance and retention,cellular oxidative stress responses and pro-inlammatory efects locally and *** in the ultraine range(health *** these add to the complexity of PM-induced health efects that largely remains to be determined,and mechanistic understanding on the toxicological efects of ambient ultraine particles and nanomaterials will be the focus of studies in the near future.

关键词： air pollution particulate mater pulmonary disease ultraine particle nanoparticle

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The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Renewing the Global Commitment to People’s Resilience, health,and Well-being

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 164-176页

作者： Amina Aitsi-Selmi Shinichi Egawa Hiroyuki Sasaki Chadia Wannous Virginia Murray public health Strategy division Public Health England Research Department of epidemiology and public health University College London division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine International Research Institute of Disaster Science(IRIDeS)Tohoku University The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR) The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR)Scientific and Technical Advisory Group

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is the first global policy framework of the United Nations’ post-2015 agenda. It represents a step in the direction of global policy coherence with explicit reference to health, development, and climate change. To develop SFDRR, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction(UNISDR) organized and facilitated several global, regional, national, and intergovernmental negotiations and technical meetings in the period preceding the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction(WCDRR) 2015 where SFDRR was adopted. UNISDR also worked with representatives of governments, UN agencies, and scientists to develop targets and indicators for SFDRR and proposed them to member states for negotiation and adoption as measures of progress and achievement in protecting lives and livelihoods. The multiple efforts of the health community in the policy development process, including campaigning for safe schools and hospitals, helped to put people’s mental and physicalhealth, resilience, and well-being higher up the disaster risk reduction(DRR) agenda compared with the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. This article reviews the historical and contemporary policy development process that led to the SFDRR with particular reference to the development of the health theme.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Global health health policy public health Safe hospitals

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Transmission Dynamics and Epidemiological Characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant ― Hunan Province, China, 2021

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China CDC weekly 2023年第3期5卷 56-62,I0006-I0009页

作者： Kaiwei Luo Yanpeng Wu Yan Wang Ziyan Liu Lan Yi Shanlu Zhao Xuemei Yan Hao Yang Kaiyuan Sun Marco Ajelli Shixiong Hu Hongjie Yu Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and PreventionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChangsha CityHunan ProvinceChina Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan UniversityShanghai MunicipalityChina School of public health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghai MunicipalityChina division of International epidemiology and Population Studies Fogarty International CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Laboratory of Computational epidemiology and public health Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana University School of Public HealthBloomingtonINUSA

Monitoring changes in the epidemiologic features between different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants is key to understanding the evolution of viral fitness in the host ***,we analyzed a successfully contained local outbreak of the Delta variant that took place in Hunan,China,in July–August,*** data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and their contacts were collected during the *** leveraging these data,we estimated key epidemiological parameters,including the incubation period,serial interval,and generation *** constructed a generalized linear mixed-effects model(GLMM)to quantify risk factors for Delta infection and *** July 28 and August 15,2021,a total of 129 infections and their 2,118 close contacts were identified during the outbreak in Hunan Province.

关键词： Hunan population Province

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Hypertension and Heart Failure as Predictors of Mortality in an Adult Congenital Heart Defect Population

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第4期16卷 333-355页

作者： Cheryl Raskind-Hood Kashaine A.Gray Jayne Morgan Wendy M.Book Department of epidemiology Emory School of Public HealthAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Department of public health Mercer University College of Health ProfessionsAtlantaGeorgiaUSA division of Cardiovascular Research Piedmont HospitalAtlantaGeorgiaUSA division of Cardiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Early intervention to prevent premature mortality is vital for adults with congenital heart defects(CHD).Anatomic complexity and comorbid conditions are thought to contribute to CHD *** hypertension(HTN)and heart failure(HF)are the comorbid conditions among the most prevalent causes of death in the United States,and commonly accompany CHD,it is crucial to evaluate whether they are reliable predictors of mortality for adults with CHD(ACHD)independent of anatomic CHD complexity.A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of ACHD,aged 18–64,with concomitant HTN and/or HF and at least one health care encounter during 2008–2010 were *** 5,397 ACHD patients(18.3%HTN without HF,4.4%HF without HTN,8.3%with both),3.0%died(n=163)during the study ***,the sample was 45.1%white,61.4%female,and 29.0%had a complex *** those who died,23.3%had HTN without HF,17.2%had HF without HTN,and 42.3%had *** analyses revealed that older age,male gender,black race,and having public health insurance were associated with increased mortality during the three-year study period compared to ACHD patients who were younger,female gender,white race,and covered by private health *** patients diagnosed with non-complex CHD lesions(i.e.,shunts,valves,or shunts+valves)were at greater risk of dying compared to those with severe complex *** CHD type was assessed separately,those with valve lesions were more likely to die compared to those with complex CHD *** adjustment for age,gender,race,insurance and CHD complexity,ACHD patients with HF,with or without HTN,were equally likely to die during the study ***,ACHD patients with HF,without or without HTN,who had valve defects were more likely to die during the three-year study period compared to patients with complex CHDs.

关键词： Congenital heart defect risk factors hypertension heart failure mortality

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Male Reproductive Toxicology

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 35-47页

作者： WILLIAM R.KELCE LARRY L.EWING Department of Population Dynamics Division of Reproductive Biology School of Hygiene and Public Health The Johns Hopkins UniversityDepartment of Population Dynamics Division of Reproductive Biology School of Hygiene and Public Health The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21205Baltimore Maryland 21205

The objective of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the application of biological markers to animal models of male reproductive toxicology. We have divided this paper into three major sections: First, a discussion of the testing protocols currently under investigation by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the EPA's health Effects Research Laboratory; second, an examination of what we consider to be important and practical biological markers available to investigators to assess the effects of toxicants on the male reproductive system; and third, a discussion of promising new technologies, such as molecular and immunological probes, and in vitro techniques using isolated and cultured cells, which in the future may be exploited for the development of additional biological markers of male reproductive toxicity. Where appropriate we have made specific recommendations for the use of these biological markers in animal protocols and have pointed out those noninvasive markers which have application to screening human males.

关键词： Male Reproductive Toxicology

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Fitting dynamic models to epidemic outbreaks with quantified uncertainty:A primer for parameter uncertainty,identifiability,and forecasts

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第3期2卷 379-398页

作者： Gerardo Chowell division of epidemiology&Biostatistics School of Public HealthGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA division of International epidemiology and Population Studies Fogarty International CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Mathematical models provide a quantitative framework with which scientists can assess hypotheses on the potential underlying mechanisms that explain patterns in observed data at different spatial and temporal scales,generate estimates of key kinetic parameters,assess the impact of interventions,optimize the impact of control strategies,and generate *** review and illustrate a simple data assimilation framework for calibrating mathematical models based on ordinary differential equation models using time series data describing the temporal progression of case counts relating,for instance,to population growth or infectious disease transmission *** contrast to Bayesian estimation approaches that always raise the question of how to set priors for the parameters,this frequentist approach relies on modeling the error structure in the *** discuss issues related to parameter identifiability,uncertainty quantification and propagation as well as model performance and forecasts along examples based on phenomenological and mechanistic models parameterized using simulated and real datasets.

关键词： Parameter estimation Uncertainty quantification Bootstrap Parameter identifiability Model performance Forecasts Uncertainty propagation

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Neurofibromatosis type 2 gene mutation and progesterone receptor messenger RNA expression in the pathogenesis of sporadic orbitocranial meningioma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第4期12卷 571-576页

作者： Agus Supartoto Indra Tri Mahayana Didik Setyo Heriyanto Muhammad Bayu Sasongko Henricus Datu Respatika Dhimas Hari Sakti Prima Sugesty Nurlaila Hari Kusnanto Suhardjo Pawiroranu Sofia Mubarika Haryana Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr.Sardjito General Hospital Department of Pathological Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Biostatistics epidemiology and Population health Faculty of Medicine Public Health and NursingUniversitas Gadjah Mada Department of Histology and Cell biology Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada

AIM: To investigate neurofibromatosis type 2(NF2) gene mutation at mRNA levels in sporadic orbitocranial meningioma and its association with progesterone receptor(PR) mR NA ***: This was a case-control study. Thirty-four sporadic meningioma patients with no familial NF2-related meningioma history were recruited. They were interviewed for their obstetric, gynecologic, and contraception history. PR investigation was performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). NF2 mutation was investigated using Qbiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Assay at NF2 mRNA level after its cDNA extraction(four mRNA mutation cytoband coordinates for nucleotide change: c.634 C>T/p.Q212, c.655 G>A/p.V219 M, c.784 C>T/p.R262 and c.1228 C>T/p. Q410). RESULTS: After mutation analysis at mRNA level, NF2 gene mutation was found in 35.29% patients. Non-mutation group was strongly associated with exogenous hormonal exposure(non-mutation vs mutation: 95.5% vs 83.3%, P<0.001). PR mR NA was found significantly lower in nonmutation group(P=0.033) which presumed as long term exogenous progesterone exposure. However, mutation group was associated with higher rate of progression to gradeⅡ(mutation vs non-mutation, 18.2% vs 5%, P<0.001) and was associated more in fibrous and anaplastic tumor ***: NF2 mutation-meningioma is associated with higher grade of meningioma. Non NF2 mutationmeningioma is strongly associated with exogenous progesterone exposure and lower PR expression.

关键词： orbitocranial meningioma neurofibromatosis type 2 progesterone receptor hormonal contraception real time PCR

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