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plant grafting:Molecular mechanisms and applications

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Molecular plant 2024年第1期17卷 75-91页

作者： Ming Feng Frauke Augstein Abdul Kareem Charles W.Melnyk Department of plant Biology Linnean Center for Plant BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlmas allé575651 UppsalaSweden

People have grafted plants since antiquity for propagation,to increase yields,and to improve stress *** cutting and joining of tissues activates an incredible regenerative ability as different plants fuse and grow as *** over a hundred years,people have studied the scientific basis for how plants ***,new techniques and a deepening knowledge of the molecular basis for graft formation have allowed a range of previously ungraftable combinations to ***,we review recent developments in our understanding of graft formation,including the attachment and vascular formation *** analyze why plants graft and how biotic and abiotic factors influence successful *** also discuss the ability and inability of plants to graft,and how grafting has transformed both horticulture and fundamental plant *** our knowledge about plant grafting improves,new combinations and techniques will emerge to allow an expanded use of grafting for horticultural applications and to address fundamental research questions.

关键词： plant grafting regeneration mobile molecules tissue adhesion vascular differentiation stress tolerance

Unveiling the distinctive traits of functional rye centromeres:minisatellites,retrotransposons,and R-loop formation

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 1989-2002页

作者： Chang Liu Shulan Fu Congyang Yi Yang Liu Yuhong Huang Xianrui Guo Kaibiao Zhang Qian Liu James A.Birchler Fangpu Han State Key Laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory for plant Genetics and Breeding Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China division of Biological Science University of MissouriColumbia 65211-7400USA

Centromeres play a vital role in cellular division by facilitating kinetochore assembly and spindle *** their conserved functionality,centromeric DNA sequences exhibit rapid evolution,presenting diverse sizes and compositions across *** functional significance of rye centromeric DNA sequences,particularly in centromere identity,remains *** this study,we comprehensively characterized the sequence composition and organization of rye *** findings revealed that these centromeres are primarily composed of long terminal repeat retrotransposons(LTR-RTs)and interspersed *** systematically classified LTR-RTs into five categories,highlighting the prevalence of younger CRS1,CRS2,and CRS3 of CRSs(centromeric retrotransposons of Secale cereale)were primarily located in the core centromeres and exhibited a higher association with CENH3 *** minisatellites,mainly derived from retrotransposons,along with CRSs,played a pivotal role in establishing functional centromeres in ***,we observed the formation of R-loops at specific regions of CRS1,CRS2,and CRS3,with both rye pericentromeres and centromeres exhibiting enrichment in ***,these R-loops selectively formed at binding regions of the CENH3 nucleosome in rye centromeres,suggesting a potential role in mediating the precise loading of CENH3 to centromeres and contributing to centromere *** work provides insights into the DNA sequence composition,distribution,and potential function of R-loops in rye *** knowledge contributes valuable information to understanding the genetics and epigenetics of rye centromeres,offering implications for the development of synthetic centromeres in future plant modifications and beyond.

关键词： centromere LTR-RTs minisatellite rye R-loop

RACK1A promotes hypocotyl elongation by scaffolding light signaling components in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 956-972页

作者： Yajuan Fu Wei Zhu Yeling Zhou Yujing Su Zhiyong Li Dayan Zhang Dong Zhang Jinyu Shen Jiansheng Liang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Department of BiologySchool of Life SciencesInstitute of Plant and Food SciencesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

plants deploy versatile scaffold proteins to intricately modulate complex cell *** these,RACK1A(Receptors for Activated C Kinase 1A)stands out as a multifaceted scaffold protein functioning as a central integrative hub for diverse signaling ***,the precise mechanisms by which RACK1A orchestrates signal transduction to optimize seedling development remain largely ***,we demonstrate that RACK1A facilitates hypocotyl elongation by functioning as a flexible platform that connects multiple key components of light signaling ***1A interacts with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR(PIF)3,enhances PIF3 binding to the promoter of BBX11 and down-regulates its ***,RACK1A associates with ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5)to repress HY5 biochemical activity toward target genes,ultimately contributing to hypocotyl *** darkness,RACK1A is targeted by CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC(COP)1 upon phosphorylation and subjected to COP1-mediated degradation via the 26 S proteasome *** findings provide new insights into how plants utilize scaffold proteins to regulate hypocotyl elongation,ensuring proper skoto-and photo-morphogenic development.

关键词： Arabidopsis hypocotyl development light signaling components RACK1 scaffoldprotein

Microbe-induced gene silencing explores interspecies RNAi and opens up possibilities of crop protection

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 626-628页

作者： Rongxiang Fang State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciencesand National Plant Gene Research CenterBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

In most eukaryotes, small RNA(sRNA)-mediated RNA silencing(or RNA interference, RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that regulates gene expression in a sequence-specific ***, s RNAs are produced by the RNase III enzymes Dicers and then incorporated into Argonaute(AGO) proteins to regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation.

关键词： protection conserved manner

Effect of mutations on acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS)function in Cyperus difformis L.

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 177-186页

作者： Xiaotong Guo Xiangju Li Zheng Li Licun Peng Jingchao Chen Haiyan Yu Hailan Cui State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China College of Resources and Environmental sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Cyperus difformis *** a troublesome weed in paddy fields and has attracted attention due to its resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS)*** was found that the amino acid mutation in AHAS was the primary cause for the resistance of Cyperus ***,the effect of different mutations on AHAS function is not clear in Cyperus *** confirm the effect of mutations on AHAS function,six biotypes were collected,including Pro197Arg,Pro197Ser,Pro197Leu,Asp376Glu,Trp574Leu and wild type,from Hunan,Anhui,Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces,China and the function of AHAS was *** AHAS in vitro inhibition assay results indicated that the mutations decreased the sensitivity of AHAS to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl,in which the I_(50)(the half maximal inhibitory concentration)of wild type AHAS was 0.04μmol L^(-1)and Asp376Glu,Pro197Leu,Pro197Arg,Pro197Ser and Trp574Leu mutations were 3.98,11.50,40.38,38.19 and 311.43μmol L^(-1),*** the determination of enzyme kinetics parameters,the Km and the maximum reaction velocity(Vmax)of the wild type were 5.18 mmol L^(-1)and 0.12 nmol mg^(-1)min^(-1),respectively,and the Km values of AHAS with Asp376Glu,Trp574Leu,Pro197Leu and Pro197Ser mutations were 0.38-0.93 times of the wild *** Km value of the Pro197Arg mutation was 1.14times of the wild type,and the Vmax values of the five mutations were 1.17-3.33-fold compared to the wild *** was found that the mutations increased the affinity of AHAS to the substrate,except for the Pro197Arg *** a concentration of 0.0032-100 mmol L^(-1)branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs),the sensitivity of the other four mutant AHAS biotypes to feedback inhibition decreased,except for the Pro197Arg *** study elucidated the effect of different mutations on AHAS function in Cyperus difformis and provided ideas for further study of resistance development.

关键词： acetohydroxyacid synthase(AHAS) mutation enzyme function Cyperus difformis

Modern phenomics to empower holistic crop science, agronomy, and breeding research

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 790-800页

作者： Ni Jiang Xin-Guang Zhu Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center of Excellence for Molecular plant sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Crop phenomics enables the collection of diverse plant traits for a large number of samples along different time scales,representing a greater data collection throughput compared with traditional *** modern crop phenomics use different sensors to collect reflective,emitted,and fluorescence signals,etc.,from plant organs at different spatial and temporal *** multi-modal,high-dimensional data not only accelerates basic research on crop physiology,genetics,and whole plant systems modeling,but also supports the optimization of field agronomic practices,internal environments of plant factories,and ultimately crop *** challenges and opportunities facing the current crop phenomics research community include developing community consensus or standards for data collection,management,sharing,and processing,developing capabilities to measure physiological parameters,and enabling farmers and breeders to effectively use phenomics in the field to directly support agricultural production.

关键词： Crop phenomics High-throughput phenotyping Traits Crop designer breeding Agronomy

The temporal-spatial expression and functional analysis of three gustatory receptor genes in Solenopsis invicta using sweet and bitter compounds

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 448-468页

作者： Muhammad Irfan Waris Yanyuan Lei Guojun Qi Ziying Guan Abdul Rashied Jie Chen Lihua Lyu Institute of plant Protection Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant ProtectionGuangzhouChina Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina

The insect gustatory system participates in identifying potential food sources and avoiding toxic *** this process,gustatory receptors(GRs)recognize feeding stimulant and deterrent ***,the GRs involved in recognizing stimulant and deterrent compounds in the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta,remain ***,we conducted a study on the genes SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a to investigate the roles of GRs in detecting feeding stimulant and deterrent *** this current study,we found that sucrose and fructose are feeding stimulants and the bitter compound quinine is a feeding *** fire ant workers showed significant behavior changes to avoid the bitter taste in feeding stimulant *** transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results from developmental stages showed that the SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a genes were highly expressed in fire ant ***-specific expression profiles indicated that SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a were specifically expressed in the antennae and foreleg tarsi of workers,whereas SinvGR32b gene transcripts were also highly accumulated in the male ***,the silencing of SinvGRI or SinvGR32b alone and the co-silencing of both genes disrupted worker stimulation and feeding on sucrose and *** results also showed that SinvGR28a is required for avoiding quinine,as workers with knockdown of the SinvGR28a gene failed to avoid and fed on *** study first identified stimulant and deterrent compounds of fire ant workers and then the GRs involved in the taste recognition of these *** study could provide potential target gustatory genes for the control of the fire ant.

关键词： behavioral responses feeding assays gustatory receptors RNA interference Solenopsis invicta temporal-spatial expression

Competitive interactions between invasive fall armyworm and Asian corn borer at intraspecific and interspecific level on the same feeding guild

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1313-1325页

作者： Jingfei Guo Jianqin Shi Hailiang Han Ivan Rwomushana Abid Ali Yeeyee Myint Zhenying Wang State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina Zhejiang Dongyang Maize Research Institute DongyangZhejiangChina CAB International(CABI) NairobiKenya Department of Entomology University of AgricultureFaisalabadPunjabPakistan plant Protection division Department of AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureLivestock and IrrigationYangonMyanmar

Interspecific competition is an important factor in the population dynamics and geographical distribution of insect *** armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda,an invasive species,and the Asian corn borer(ACB),Ostrinia furnacalis,a native pest species are major pests on maize in China,posing a threat to maize yield and grain quality.A series of laboratory,greenhouse,and field experiments were conducted to elucidate the competitive interactions between FAW and *** the laboratory experiments,FAW exhibited aggressive behaviors more frequently when compared with ACB,while the latter species exhibited defense behaviors more *** intraspecific competition was recorded in the FAW conspecific rather than in ACB,particularly in the 6th larval *** had a higher interspecific competitive advantage through intraguild predation over ACB,resulting in partial or complete displacement ACB when initially the ratio of the 2 species was 1:*** interspecific competition also had significantly influenced on the population parameters,defensive enzymes,and nutrient of these 2 *** interaction proved that the response of superoxide,catalase,and soluble protein in FAW were significantly increased,whereas the total sugar content in both species was substantially *** rate,and the plant damage that co-infested by both species varied significantly among the sequential combinations under greenhouse and field *** consistently exhibited stronger intraspecific aggression than ACB under laboratory and field conditions when co-existing on the same feeding *** findings contribute to efforts toward the improvement of integrated pest management programs for FAW,in decision making for invasive and native pests’management strategies to reduce the high risks of FAW and ACB outbreaks.

关键词： Asian corn borer defensive enzyme fall armyworm interspecific competition intraspecific competition survival rate

Ripening and rot: How ripening processes influence disease susceptibility in fleshy fruits

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第09期 1831-1863页

作者： Shan Li Yu Zhao Pan Wu Donald Grierson Lei Gao State Key Laboratory of plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences plant and Crop sciences division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Hubei Hongshan Laboratory

Fleshy fruits become more susceptible to pathogen infection when they ripen; for example, changes in cell wall properties related to softening make it easier for pathogens to infect fruits. The need for high-quality fruit has driven extensive research on improving pathogen resistance in important fruit crops such as tomato(Solanum lycopersicum). In this review, we summarize current progress in understanding how changes in fruit properties during ripening affect infection by pathogens. These changes affect physical barriers that limit pathogen entry, such as the fruit epidermis and its cuticle,along with other defenses that limit pathogen growth, such as preformed and induced defense compounds. The plant immune system also protects ripening fruit by recognizing pathogens and initiating defense responses involving reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, and jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid signaling. These phytohormones regulate an intricate web of transcription factors(TFs) that activate resistance mechanisms, including the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. In tomato, ripening regulators, such as RIPENING INHIBITOR and NON＿RIPENING, not only regulate ripening but also influence fruit defenses against pathogens. Moreover, members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR(ERF) family play pivotal and distinct roles in ripening and defense, with different members being regulated by different phytohormones. We also discuss the interaction of ripening-related and defenserelated TFs with the Mediator transcription complex. As the ripening processes in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits share many similarities, these processes have broad applications across fruiting crops. Further research on the individual contributions of ERFs and other TFs will inform efforts to diminish disease susceptibility in ripe fruit, satisfy the growing demand for high-quality fruit and decrease food waste and related ec

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