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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第1期1卷 43-48页

作者： Govindarajan M Mathivanan T Elumalai K Krishnappa K Anandan A division of Vector Biology and phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai University Unit of entomotoxicity Department of ZoologyGovernment Thirumagal Mills College

Objective:To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria(***) and Caeslpinia pulckerrima(***) against Culex quinquefasciatus(***),Aedes aegypti(***) and Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi).Methods:The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from 50-450 ppm under the laboratory *** hatch rates were assessed 48 h after *** repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm under the laboratory conditions. Results:The crude extract of *** exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 250.200 and 150 ppm for ***,*** and ***,*** crude extract of *** exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 375.300 and 225 ppm for ***,*** and ***,*** methanol extract of E. coronaria found to be more repellenct than *** extract.A higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm^2 provided 100%protection up to 150.180 and 210 min against ***,Ae. aegypti and ***,*** results clearly showed that repellent activity was dose ***:From the results it can be concluded the crude extracts of *** and *** are an excellent potential for controlling ***,*** and *** mosquitoes.

关键词： Ervatamia coronaria Caesalpinia pulcherrima Ovicidal activity Repellent activity Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti Anopheles stephensi Mosquito Leaf extract Mortality

A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Safety and Toxicity of Medicinal Plants

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第1期4卷 95-111页

作者： Madhav Nilakanth Mugale Kapil Dev Bhumika S.More Vaishali Sunil Mishra Kaveri R.Washimkar Kishan Singh Rakesh Maurya Srikanta Kumar Rath Debprasad Chattopadhyay Naibedya Chattopadhyay division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute(CSIR-CDRI)Lucknow 226031India division of phytochemistry CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(CSIR-CIMAP)Lucknow 226015India Medicinal and Process Chemistry division CSIR-CDRI Lucknow 226031India division of Endocrinology CSIR-CDRI Lucknow 226031India division of Ethnomedicine ICMR-National Institute of Traditional MedicineNehru NagarBelagavi 590010and ICMR-Virus UnitKolkata 700010India Department of Health Research NSHM Knowledge CampusKolkata 700051India

Background:Globally,80%people use plant-derived products for treating or preventing *** prevalent perception about medicinal plants is that they are safe and devoid of adverse ***,approximately 1,50,000 plants contain toxic ***:The present review focuses on medicinal plant extracts/fractions toxicity assessments made in preclin-ical models by oral ***:Detail studies were searched from databases including PubMed and Google Scholar.A manual reference screening of the selected studies was done to identify relevant articles,with no language restriction being imposed at the time of ***:The studies included were performed in rodents,and the test substances were administered *** search revealed 33 widely used plants or products with significant toxicity,and phytochemicals from these plants have been *** a systematic review,we identified a plethora of medicinal plant extracts reporting safety and toxicity ***:In the future,preclinical toxicokinetic studies of herbs and the determination of their no-observed-adverse-effect levels are required for a complete safety ***,the interaction of herbs with com-monly used/over-the-counter drugs in terms of the latter’s metabolic profile should be undertaken.

关键词： Extract Herbal medicine Toxicity Rodent Secondary metabolite

Repellent properties of Cardiospermum,halicacabum Linn.(Family:Sapindaceae)plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 602-607页

作者： M Govindarajan R Sivakumar division of Vector Biology and phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai University

Objective:To determine repellent activity of hexane,ethyl acetate,benzene,chloroform and methanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum,(***) against Culex quinque/ascialus(***),Aedes aegypti(***) and Anopheles slephensi(***). Methods:Evaluation was carried out in a net cage(45 cm×30 cm×25 cm) containing 100 blood starved female mosquitoes of three mosquito species and were assayed in the laboratory condition by using the protocol of WHO 2005;The plant leaf crude extracts of *** was applied at 1.0,2.5,and 5.0 me/cm^2 separately in the exposed area of the fore *** ethanol served as ***:In this observation,the plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person,and also,the repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the plant *** tested plant crude extracts had exerted promising repellent against all the three ***:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of *** was potential for controlling ***, *** and *** mosquitoes.

关键词： Repellency Cardiospermum halicacabum Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti Anopheles stephensi

Mosquito larvicidal and ovicidal properties of Eclipta alba(L.) Hassk(Asteraceae) against chikungunya vector,Aedes aegypti(Linn.)(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第1期4卷 24-28页

作者： M Govindarajan P Karuppannan division of phytochemistry and Vector Biology Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002India

Objective:The present study deals with the investigation of larvicidal and ovicidal activities of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of Eclipta alba（***） against dengue vector,Aedes aegypti（***）.Methods:Twenty five earlyⅢinstar larvae of *** was exposed to various concentrations（50-300 ppm） and was assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005;the 24 h LC50 values of the *** leaf extract was determined by Probit *** ovicidal activity,slightly modified method of Su and Mulla was *** ovicidal activity was determined against *** to various concentrations ranging from 100-350 ppm under the laboratory *** egg hatch rates were assessed 48 h post ***:The LC50 values of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform extract of *** against early third instar larvae of *** were 151.38,165.10, 154.88,127.64 and 146.28 ppm,*** larvicidal activity was observed in the methanol extract followed by chloroform,benzene,ethyl acetate and hexane *** mortality was observed in *** five solvent tested the methanol extract was found to be most effective for ovicidal activity against *** methanol extracts exerted 100%mortality （zero hatchability） at 300 ***:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of *** was an excellent potential for controlling *** mosquito.

关键词： Eclipta alba Aedes aegypti Larvicidal activity Ovicidal activity

Evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Burm.f.(***) extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus(Say.) and Aedes aegypti(Linn.)(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第3期4卷 176-181页

作者： Marimuthu Govindarajan division of Vector Biology and phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar-608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and ovicidal efficacy of different extracts of Andrographis paniculata（***） against Culex quinquefasciatus（***） Say and Aedes aegypti（*** ） L（Diptera:Culicidae）.Methods:Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of *** with five different solvents like benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform was tested against the early third instar larvae of *** and *** ovicidal activity was determined against two mosquito species to various concentrations ranging from 50-300 ppm under the laboratory ***:The benzene, hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of *** was found to be more effective against *** than *** LC50 values were 112.19,137.48, 118.67,102.05,91.20 ppm and 119.58,146.34,124.24,110.12,99.54 ppm *** five tested solvent,methanol and ethyl acetate crude extract was found to be most effective for ovicidal activity against two mosquito *** extract of methanol and ethyl acetate exerted 100%mortality at 200 ppm against *** and at 250 ppm against ***. Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of *** was a potential for controlling *** and *** mosquitoes.

关键词： Andrographis paniculata larvicidal activity Ovicidal activity Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti

Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.(Family:Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第9期3卷 691-695页

作者： Marimuthu Govindarajan division of phytochemistry and Vector Biology Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002India

Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations（15-90 mg/L） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under the laboratory ***:Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three important mosquitoes with LC50 values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/*** crude extract had strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100%protection against Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti（150 min） and Culex quinquefasciatus（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.

关键词： Sida acuta Mosquito vectors Larvicidal activity Repellent activity

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil from Clausena anisata (Willd.) *** Benth (Rutaceae) against three mosquito species

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第11期3卷 874-877页

作者： Marimuthu Govindarajan division of phytochemistry and Vector Biology Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002India

Objective:To determine the mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil and their chemical constituents from Clausena anisata（***）（Willd.） *** *** Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles ***:Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography—mass *** mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty lateⅢinstar larvae of three mosquito species were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range tests,essential oil was tested at 50.100.150,200 and 250 ppm and each compound was tested at various concentration（5-75 ppm） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 values of the *** leaf essential oil and their major compounds were determined following Probit ***:The oil contained were mainlyβ-pinene（32.8%）,sabinene（28.3%）,germacrene-D（12.7%）,estragole （6.4%） and linalool（5.9%）.The essential oil from the leaves of *** exhibited significant larvicidal activity,with 24 h LC50 values of 140.96,130.19 and 119.59 *** five pure constituents extracted from the *** leaf essential oil were also tested individually against three mosquito *** LC50 values ofβ-pinene,sabinene,germacrene-D,estragole and linalool appeared to be most effective against Anopheles stephensi(LC50-23.17,19.67,16.95. 11.01,35.17 ppm) followed by Aedes aegypti(LC50-27.69,21.20,18.76,12.70,38.64 ppm) and Culex quinquefasciatus(LC50-32.23,25.***.21.28,14.01,42.28).Conclusions:The essential oil of C. anisata contains five major compounds and has remarkable larvicidal properties,which may be considered as a potent source for the production of natural larvicides.

关键词： Mosquito vectors Clausena anisata Essential oil GC-MS analysis Larvicidal activity

Mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against malarial vector,Anopheles stephensi Liston(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第12期4卷 941-947页

作者： Marimuthu Govindarajan Rajamohan Sivakumar division of Vector Biology and phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar - 608 002Tamil NaduIndia

ObjectiveTo determine the adulticidal and repellent activities of different solvent leaf extracts of Eclipta alba (E. alba) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi).MethodsAdulticidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of E. alba and A. paniculata with five different solvents like benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform was tested against the five to six day old adult female mosquitoes of An. stephensi. The adult mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions. The repellent efficacy was determined against An. stephensi mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory conditions.ResultsAmong the tested solvents the maximum efficacy was observed in the methanol extract. The LC50 and LC90 values of E. alba and A. paniculata against adults of An. stephensi were 150.36, 130.19 ppm and 285.22, 244.16 ppm, respectively. No mortality was observed in controls. The chi-square values were significant at P<0.05 level. Methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was produce maximum repellency against An. stephensi.ConclusionsFrom the results it can be concluded the crude extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was an excellent potential for controlling An. stephensi mosquitoes.

关键词： Adulticidal activity Repellent activity Anopheles stephensi Eclipta alba Andrographis paniculata

Pharmacognostic evaluation of Cayratia trifolia (Linn.)leaf

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第1期2卷 6-10页

作者： Dinesh Kumar Jyoti Gupta Sunil Kumar Renu Arya Tarun Kumar Ankit Gupta division of Pharmacognsoy&phytochemistry Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesKurukshetra University Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy Yamunanagar

Objective:To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia(***)Linn.(Vitaceae),an important plant in the Indian system of ***:The macroscopy,microscopy,physiochemical analysis,preliminary testing,fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other WHO recommended methods for standardization were ***:Leaves are trifoliolated with petioles(2-3 cm)*** are ovate to oblong-ovate,(2-8 cm)long,(1.5-5 cm)wide,pointed at the *** leaf surface shows the anisocytic type stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis *** surface contents including *** islet and vein termination were also *** section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bandies(xylem and phloem).The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy *** covering trichomes emerge from the upper *** are uniseriate and *** of collenchyma are present below and upper layer of ***:It can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of the *** is helpful in developing standards for quality,purity and sample identification.

关键词： Cayratia trifolia Leaf Microscopic Pharmacognostic Vitaceae Physiochemical analysis Preliminary testing

Inhibition of Mahkota Dewa(Phaleria macrocarpa) bioactive fraction on proliferation of human retinoblastoma tumor cells Y-79 through suppression of mRNA level of cyclin E

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第4期7卷 280-287页

作者： Nugroho Trilaksana Ignatius Riwanto Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata Reki Winarto Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineDiponegoro University Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineDiponegoro University division of Molecular Pharmacology and phytochemistry Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular SciencesDexa Medica Group

Objective: To prove the molecular mechanisms of Mahkota Dewa(Phaleria macrocarpa) in suppressing proliferation of human retinoblastoma cells through suppression of cell cycle's gene-regulators ***: In this study, the molecular mechanism of anti-tumor effect of fractioned extract of Phaleria macrocarpa(DLBS1425) in human retinoblastoma cells Y-79 was investigated by measuring the tumor cells viability, the assessment of population profiles of tumor cells in the cell cycle, and the mRNA concentration of p16, p21, p53, cyclin D,cyclin E, and E2 ***: DLBS1425 showed an inhibition effects towards proliferation of Y-79 cell *** of proliferation was shown by suppression of cell cycle ***1425 downregulated cyclin E, a G1 phase regulator gene of cell cycle, in dosedependent manner without affecting p53–p21 *** the other word, DLBS1425 inhibits cell proliferation through suppression of cyclin E independently towards conventional proliferation ***: Our results suggest that DLBS1425 is a potential anticancer agent which targets genes involved in cell proliferation in human retinoblastoma cells which make it pharmacologically ideal for the prevention and/or treatment of retinoblastoma cancer.

关键词： Phaleria macrocarpa Mahkota Dewa DLBS1425 Retinoblastoma Cyclin E Cell cycle