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Genesis of the Jianbeigou Gold Deposit on the Southern Margin of the North China Craton: Insights from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S Isotopes, and Pyrite in situ Trace Element Analyses

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 969-991页

作者： LI Fengchun ZENG Qingdong ZHU Rixiang CHU Shaoxiong XIE Wei YU Bing WU Jinjian LI Xinghui Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth Science and Engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandanHebei 056038China

The Jianbeigou gold deposit is a typical lode gold deposit in the Qinling metallogenic belt, located on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Three stages of the hydrothermal process can be distinguished, including the quartz ± pyrite, quartz-polymetallic sulfide, and quartz-carbonate ± pyrite stages. From the early to late stages, the homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions are 281–362°C, 227–331°C, and 149–261°C, respectively. The corresponding salinities estimated for these fluids are 3.9–9.9 wt%, 0.4–9.4 wt%, and 0.7–7.2 wt% Na Cl equiv. Combined with laser Raman spectroscopy data, the ore-forming fluid belongs to a H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl ± CH_4 system with medium–low temperature and salinity. The δ~(18)Ofluid and δD values for the quartz veins are-1.0‰ to 6.0‰ and-105‰ to-84‰, respectively, which indicates that the ore-forming fluid is of mixed source, mainly derived from magma, with a contribution from meteoric water. Pyrite has been identified into three generations based on mineral paragenetic sequencing, including Py1, Py2, and Py3. The pyrites have δ~(34)S sulfur isotopic compositions from three stages between 3.7‰ and 8.4‰, indicating that sulfur mainly originated from magma. Te, Bi, Sb, and Cu contents in pyrite were all high and showed a strong correlation with Au concentrations. Native gold and the Au-Ag-Bi telluride minerals were formed concurrently, and the As concentration was low and decoupled from the Au content. Therefore, Te, Bi, Sb and other low-melting point chalcophile elements play an important role for gold mineralization in arsenic-deficient ore-forming fluid. Combined with the geological setting, evolution of pyrite, and ore-fluids geochemistry, we propose that the Jianbeigou deposit can be classified as a magmatic–hydrothermal lode gold deposit. Gold mineralization on the southern margin of the North China Craton is related to Early Cretaceous magmatism and formed in an extensional setting.

关键词： ore genesis H-O-S isotopes fluid inclusions in-situ trace element Jianbeigou gold deposit

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The genesis and resource potential of gold deposits in the Liaodong Peninsula

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 657-672页

作者： Rixiang ZHU Jin-Hui YANG Gongwen WANG Qingdong ZENG Guoqiang XUE Tao XU Xinghui LI Peng ZHANG Da LEI Guang ZHU State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Shenyang Center China Geological SurveyShenyang 110034China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China

Plenty of gold deposits related to Late Mesozoic craton destruction are widely distributed in eastern North China Craton. However, significant differences in research degrees, ore-forming characteristics, and proven reserves exist among different regions in the North China Craton. The Liaodong Peninsula has similar regional geological characteristics to those of the Jiaodong Peninsula, with both experiencing craton destruction during Late Mesozoic, but the two areas have substantial differences in terms of gold mineralization and the proven gold resources. Based on regional geology, Mesozoic magmatictectonic evolution and ore geology, combined with integrated geophysical exploration and big data AI resource prediction, in this paper, we propose that the ore-forming materials of Late Mesozoic gold deposits in Liaodong were mainly originated from mantle-derived melts and/or fluids induced by craton destruction. The gold deposits were primarily controlled by NE-NNEtrending faults, mainly classified as fracture-controlled altered rock-type and sulfide-bearing quartz vein-type. Moreover, our study predicts that the Yalu River fault zone and its related secondary faults, as well as the periphery and deeper parts of known goldfields, are the important regions for future gold resource exploration. The Yalu River metallogenic belt has an enormous potential for gold resources, and the Liaodong Peninsula has a potential to add thousands of tons of gold resources.

关键词： Liaodong Peninsula Gold deposit Integrated geophysical exploration Prospecting potential Direction for prospecting breakthroughs

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Unraveling the hydrothermal history of the Xinshuijing Na-metasomatite uranium deposit in the Longshoushan metallogenic belt， Northwest China by coupled hydrothermal zircon U–Pb and albite Ar–Ar dating

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： JUN ZHONG MARK MIHALASKY MICHEL CUNEY SHENG HE JUN-JIE LI National Key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Exploration-Mining and Nuclear Remote Sensing， Beijing Research Institute of Uranium geology International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)， Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Section， division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology， Vienna International Center Université de Lorraine， Géoressources CNRS State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKLLE)， Institute of geology and geophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences

Na-metasomatite uranium deposits are an important type of large-tonnage low-grade uranium deposit. They are characterized by an intimate association between uranium minerals and albite， and by the common development of syn-ore hydrothermal zircons. Similar to other types of uranium deposits， constraining an accurate age of mineralization remains a challenge for the Na-metasomatite type ones. In this study， we present for the first time， an approach that combines age dating results from the syn-ore albites (40Ar-39Ar) and hydrothermal zircons （U-Pb） for a typical Na-metasomatite uranium deposit， the Xinshuijing deposit in the Longshoushan metallogenic belt of northwest China. The hydrothermal zircon U-Pb and albite40Ar-39Ar ages are consistent with each other （378-366 Ma; within error）， but also identical to the previously reported uraninite chemical U-Pb ages （approximately 370 Ma）. The coupled application of hydrothermal zircon U-Pb and albite40Ar-39Ar age dating is thus regarded as a robust approach for constraining the age of mineralization for Na-metasomatite uranium deposits. An age gap of approximately 70 m.y. between uranium mineralization （～ 370 Ma） and host granitoid emplacement （about 440 Ma） suggests no direct genetic linkage between the two. Further exploration in the surrounding metamorphic units is therefore suggested， rather than only focusing on the host granitoids， especially where intensive wallrock alteration and structural features are pervasive. The varied hydrothermal zircon δ18O isotope compositions are attributed to the significant fluid-wallrock interaction during the uranium mineralization， which is consistent with our previous fluid inclusion and geochemical studies. Our study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate isotopic dating methods， which is informed by detailed paragenetic and geochemical analysis of dateable minerals formed before or coeval to the main-stage uranium mineralization. Moreover， it is underlined that the e

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Analysis of ancient Rongcharong landslide dam failure events in the Suwalong reach of the upper reaches of the Jinsha River

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yongchao Li Songfeng Guo Bowen Zheng Yu Zou Shengyuan Song Yiwei Zhang Jianhua Yan Muhammad Faisal Waqar Khan Zada Shengwen Qi Jianping Chen Institute of geology and geophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Earth Science， Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Construction Engineering， Jilin University College of Earth and Planetary Science， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of City and Architecture Engineering， Zaozhuang University School of Earth Sciences and Engineering， Hohai University Geo-technical and Geo-Environmental Engineering division， National Engineering Service Pakistan

Active tectonic movements and geological disasters frequently occur in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River， increasing the likelihood of landslides obstructing the river. Taking the ancient Rongcharong landslide dam failure events in the Suwalong reach as an example， this paper first analyzes the accuracy and applicability of the commonly used methods in calculating the peak flow of the dam failure， such as the empirical formula， the numerical method based on the physical mechanism， and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Then， the peak flood flow of the Rongcharong-dammed lake when it overflows the dam is determined to be 28393～64272m3/s. At the same time， the failure process of landslide dam due to flood erosion was elucidated using the CFD method， which can be divided into three stages: gradual erosion in the initial stage， rapid development in the middle stage， and gradual expansion in the final stage. Finally， the factors that affect the peak flow of floods are analyzed， and suggestions for emergency treatment of landslide dams are put forward. The findings of this research can serve as a valuable reference for disaster prevention and mitigation strategies to adapt to the increasing frequency of landslide-induced river blockages.

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Acoustic Full Waveform Inversion of DAS-VSP Data

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第5期35卷 1795-1798页

作者： Shuo Zhang Jun Lu Xiaobo Liu Chengyu Pan Zhidong Cai School of geophysics and Information Technology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of Ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Polar geology and Marine Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesMinistry of EducationBeijing 100083China New Resources Geophysical Exploration division BGP Inc.CNPCZhuozhouHebei 072751China

INTRODUCTION The optical-fiber distributed acoustic sensing-vertical seismic profiling(DAS-VSP)acquisition system can record seismic data in wells continuously,thus providing several advantages such as dense spatial sampling,high signal-to-noise ratio,high acoustic sensitivity,and broad bandwidth(Ellmauthaler et al.,2021;Spikes et al.,2019).

关键词： seismic VSP Inversion

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Geochemistry of ore-forming fluids and geological significance of the Kuoerzhenkuola gold field in Xinjiang, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1921-1931页

作者： SHEN Ping SHEN Yuanchao LIU Tiebing LI Guangming ZENG Qingdong Institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The Kuoerzhenkuola gold field (including the Kuoerzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai gold deposits) is the most important one in the Sawuer gold belt, northern Xinjiang, China. Iso-topic studies including D, O, He, C, S, Pb and Sr reveal that the ore-forming fluids of the Kuo-erzhenkuola and the Buerkesidai deposits shared the same source: the water of ore fluids was magmatic water and minor meteoric water; the mineralizers and ore materials derived mainly from mantle beneath the island arc, and partially from crust. The ore-forming fluids of two depos-its are a mixture of mantle-derived fluids incorporated by crust-derived fluid, and meteoric water. Based on these results, combined with the consideration of the tectonic setting and geological features, we suggest that the two gold deposits in the Kuoerzhenkuola gold field, Sawur gold belt share the same genesis, and are volcanogenic hydrothermal gold deposits occurring in the same caldera.

关键词： ore-forming fluids, inclusions, isotope, volcanogenic late-stage hydrothermal gold deposits, Kuoerzhen-kuola gold field

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Gold mineralization age of the Anjiayingzi gold deposit in Chifeng County, Inner Mongolia and implications for Mesozoic metallogenic explosion in North China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第2期47卷 115-121页

作者： LI Yonggang ZHAI Mingguo YANG Jinhui MIAO Laicheng GUAN Hong Institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The Anjiayingzi gold deposit in Chifeng County, Inner Mongolia is located in the central part of the gold mineralization belt of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), and is adjacent to the Paleozoic Inner Mongolia-Da Hinggan Mountains orogenic belt in the north. The Chifeng-Kaiyuan fault, which separates the NCC from this orogenic belt, is considered to be a regional ore-controlling structure. The Anjiayingzi gold deposit is a mediate-size quartz lode-gold deposit and is hosted by the Anjiayingzi quartz monzonite that was emplaced into the basement composed of early Precambrian gneisses. Rhyolitic and porphyritic dikes are generally associated with the gold mineralization. Zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the Anjia- yingzi granite was emplaced from 132 Ma to 138 Ma, while the rhyolitic dikes that occupy the same fracture system as the gold-bearing quartz veins and locally crosscut the gold lodes crystallized from 125 Ma to 127 Ma. These results constrain the mineralization age between 126 Ma and 132 Ma, early Cretaceous time for the Anjiayingzi gold deposit. This mineralization age is consistent with that of the gold deposits in other major gold-bearing areas of the NCC, such as the Jiaodong Peninsula and the Xiaoqinling Mountain, and specially is roughly coeval with the geodynamic reversion of the NCC in Mesozoic. This coincidence probably indicates that the gold deposits in the NCC, including the Anjiayingzi deposit, formed in a similar geodynamic setting characterized by large-scale thinning of the lithosphere underlying the NCC.

关键词： Anjiayingzi, gold deposit, granite, zircon, geochronology, explosive metallogeny.

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Magmatic systems of large continental igneous provinces

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第4期8卷 621-640页

作者： E.Sharkov M.Bogina A.Chistyakov Institute of geology of ore Deposits PetrographyMineralogy and Geochemistry RAS

Large igneous provinces（LIPs） formed by mantle superplume events have irreversibly changed their composition in the geological evolution of the Earth from high-Mg melts（during Archean and early Paleoproterozoic） to Phanerozoic-type geochemically enriched Fe-Ti basalts and picrites at 2.3 *** propose that this upheaval could be related to the change in the source and nature of the mantle superplumes of different *** first generation plumes were derived from the depleted mantle,whereas the second generation（thermochemical） originated from the core-mantle boundary（CMB）.This study mainly focuses on the second（Phanerozoic） type of LIPs,as exemplified by the midPaleoproterozoic Jatulian-Ludicovian LIP in the Fennoscandian Shield,the Permian-Triassic Siberian LIP,and the late Cenozoic flood basalts of *** latter LIP contains mantle xenoliths represented by green and black *** xenoliths are fragments of cooled upper margins of the mantle plume heads,above zones of adiabatic melting,and provide information about composition of the plume material and processes in the plume *** on the previous studies on the composition of the mantle xenoliths in within-plate basalts around the world,it is inferred that the heads of the mantle（thermochemical） plumes are made up of moderately depleted spinel peridotites（mainly lherzolites）and geochemically-enriched intergranular fluid/***,it is presumed that the plume heads intrude the mafic lower crust and reach up to the bottom of the upper crust at depths-20 *** generation of two major types of mantle-derived magmas（alkali and tholeiitic basalts） was previously attributed to the processes related to different PT-parameters in the adiabatic melting zone whereas this study relates to the fluid regime in the plume *** is also suggested that a newly-formed melt can occur on different sides of a critical plane of silica undersaturation and can acquire either alkalic or tholeiitic composition de

关键词： Magmatic systems LIP Mantle plume Paleoproterozoic Mantle xenoliths Basalts

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Fossil bacteria in Xuanlong iron ore deposits of Hebei Province

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第4期47卷 347-356页

作者： DAI Yongding, SONG Haiming & SHEN Jiying Institute of geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029, China Institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Discovered in Early Proterozoic Xuanlong iron ore deposits are six genera of fossil iron bacteria, i. e. sphere (coenobium of) rod-shaped (monomer) Naumanniella, ellipsoid elliptical Ochrobium,sphere spherical Siderocapsa and chain spherical Siderococcus, chain rod-shaped Leptothrix and Lieskeella, and six genera of fossil blue bacteria, namely sphere spherical Gloeocapsa, Synechocystis and Globobacter, chain spherical Anabaena and Nostoc, and con-strictive septate tubular Nodularia. The biomineralized monomers and coenobia of the two cate-gories of bacteria, together with hematite plates made up the bacteria pelletal, bacteria silky, bacteria fibrous and clasty bacteria pelletal textural lamina. The bacteria pelletal laminae com-bined with other bacteria laminae to make up oncolite, stromatolite and laminate. The precipita-tion of iron oxide was accelerated due to iron and blue bacteria cohabiting on microbial film or mat. The Xuanlong iron ore deposits are microbial binding ore deposits of ocean source.

关键词： iron and blue bacteria, bacteria textural lamina, microbial ore deposits, Late Early Proterozoic.

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Major Advances in the Study of the Precambrian geology and Metallogenesis of the North China Craton:A Review

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第4期90卷 1122-1155页

作者： ZHAO Lei ZHU Xiyan ZHAI Mingguo State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The North China Craton （NCC） is one of the most ancient cratons in the world and records a complex geological evolution since the early Precambrian. In addition to recording major geological events similar to those of other cratons, the NCC also exhibits some unique features such as multi- stage cratonization （late Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic） and long-term rifting during the Meso- Neoproterozoic. The NCC thus provides one of the best examples to address secular changes in geological history and metallogenic epochs in the evolving Earth. We summarize the major geological events and metallogenic systems of the NCC, so that the evolutionary patterns of the NCC can provide a better understanding of the Precambrian NCC and facilitate comparison of the NCC with other ancient continental blocks globally. The NCC experienced three major tectonic cycles during the Precambrian：（1） Neoarchaean crustal growth and stabilization; （2） Palaeoproterozoic rifting-subduction-accretion-collision with imprints of the Great Oxidation Event and （3） Meso-Neoproterozoic multi-stage rifting. A transition from primitive- to modern-style plate tectonics occurred during the early Precambrian to late Proterozoic and is evidenced by the major geological events. Accompanying these major geological events, three major metallogenic systems are identified：（1） the Archaean banded iron formation system; （2） Palaeoproterozoic Cu-Pb-Zn and Mg-B systems and （3） a Mesoproterozoic rare earth element-Fe- Pb-Zn system. The ore-deposit types in each of these metallogenic systems show distinct characteristics and tectonic affinities.

关键词： North China Craton geological events metallogenesis cratonization multi-stage rifting

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