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Liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection: Diagnostic methods and clinical impact

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第24期7卷 2510-2521页

作者： Caterina Sagnelli Salvatore Martini Mariantonietta Pisaturo Giuseppe Pasquale Margherita Macera Rosa Zampino Nicola Coppola Evangelista Sagnelli Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and surgery "F.Magrassi e A.Lanzara Second University of Naples Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine Section of Infectious DiseasesSecond University of Naples division of Infectious Diseases AORN Sant’ Anna e San Sebastiano di Caserta Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Second University of Naples Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolic and Geriatric SciencesSecond University of Naples

Several non-invasive surrogate methods have recently challenged the main role of liver biopsy in assessing liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus(HCV)-monoinfected and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/HCV-coinfected patients, applied to avoid the well-known side effects of liver puncture. Serological tests involve the determination of biochemical markers of synthesis or degradation of fibrosis, tests not readily available in clinical practice, or combinations of routine tests used in chronic hepatitis and HIV/HCV coinfection. Several radiologic techniques have also been proposed, some of which commonly used in clinical practice. The studies performed to compare the prognostic value of noninvasive surrogate methods with that of the degree of liver fibrosis assessed on liver tissue have not as yet provided conclusive results. Each surrogate technique has shown some limitations, including the risk of over- or under-estimating the extent of liver fibrosis. The current knowledge on liver fibrosis in HIV/HCVcoinfected patients will be summarized in this review article, which is addressed in particular to physicians involved in this setting in their clinical practice.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coi

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3D Shape Reconstruction of Lumbar Vertebra From Two X-ray Images and a CT Model

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第4期7卷 1124-1133页

作者： Longwei Fang Zuowei Wang Zhiqiang Chen Fengzeng Jian Shuo Li Huiguang He the Research Center for Brain-Inspired Intelligence&National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China the Department of Neurosurgery Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityDivision of SpineChina International Neurological InstituteBeijing 100053 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijing 100730China the Department of Neurosurgery Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityDivision of SpineChina International neurological Institute Beijing 100053China the Department of Medical Biophysics Schulich School of Medical and Dentistryand also with the Department of Medical ImagingSchulich School of Medical and DentistryUniversity of Western OntarioON N6A 4V2Canada the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Structure reconstruction of 3 D anatomy from biplanar X-ray images is a challenging topic. Traditionally, the elastic-model-based method was used to reconstruct 3 D shapes by deforming the control points on the elastic mesh. However, the reconstructed shape is not smooth because the limited control points are only distributed on the edge of the elastic ***, statistical-model-based methods, which include shape-model-based and intensity-model-based methods, are introduced due to their smooth reconstruction. However, both suffer from limitations. With the shape-model-based method, only the boundary profile is considered, leading to the loss of valid intensity information. For the intensity-based-method, the computation speed is slow because it needs to calculate the intensity distribution in each iteration. To address these issues, we propose a new reconstruction method using X-ray images and a specimen’s CT data. Specifically, the CT data provides both the shape mesh and the intensity model of the vertebra. Intensity model is used to generate the deformation field from X-ray images, while the shape model is used to generate the patient specific model by applying the calculated deformation *** on the public synthetic dataset and clinical dataset show that the average reconstruction errors are 1.1 mm and1.2 mm, separately. The average reconstruction time is 3 minutes.

关键词： 2D/2D registration 2D/3D registration 3D reconstruction vertebra model X-ray image

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Diversity of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in rat VTA dopaminergic neurons and nicotine dependence

Diversity of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptor sub...

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第十五届国际药理学大会

作者： Lucero Linda Lukas Ronald division of Neurobiology Barrow Neurological Institute 350 W.Thomas Rd Phoenix AZ 85013 USA. division of Neurobiology Barrow Neurological Institute 350 W.Thomas Rd Phoenix AZ 85013 USA.

＜正＞ Dopaminergic （ DA） neurons located in the midbrain ventral tegmental area （VTA） play important roles in nicotine reward and dependence. Nicotinic acetyl choline receptor （nAChR） a2 - a7 and b2 - b4 subunits are expressed as message in the VTA. but the functions of nAChR subtypes are unclear. Using patch clamp recording from single DA neurons acutely dissociated from the VTA. we have discriminated three types of nAChR - mediated responses based on pharmacological and kinetic properties. Type Ⅰ neurons （58%） responded strongly to RJR - 2403. which was blocked by dihydro - b - erythroidine, suggesting a a4b2 -nAChR. Type n neurons （26%） reacted strongly to choline. which was blocked by 10 nM methyllycaconitine, suggesting a a7 - nAChR. However, type Ⅲ neurons （16% ） exhibited large, slowly - decaying current responses to both ACh and cytisine, suggesting a possibly complex mixture of nAChR subtypes （a3a4b2b4）. During 10 - min exposure to 500 nM nicotine, only type Ⅰ neuron firing was persistently increased. Conclusion: VTA DA neurons express three subtypes of nAChR which play different roles in nicotine reward and dependence.

关键词： nAChR VTA DA neuron patch-clamp.

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S2A-3 The Alpha6*-nAChR is A Highly Sensitive Target for Low Dose Alcohol

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神经药理学报 2018年第4期8卷 36-37页

作者： WU Jie division of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstituteSt.Joseph’s Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenix AZ 85013USA

Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a serious public health problem that affects approximately 17 million Americans and results in tremendous social,legal and medical costs to the *** other addictive drugs(e.g.,morphine,cocaine or nicotine)that have specific molecular targets,ethanol(EtOH)has no specific *** most previous studies,EtOH concentrations used for investigation were too high(e.g.,>50 mmol·L-1)compared to the EtOH concentrations in human brain after alcohol drinking,and the high dose EtOH may produce nonspecific modulations of a variety of receptors,ion channels,intracellular signaling cascades,and gene expression in the ***,it is important to understand low dose(e.g.,<10 mmol·L-1)EtOH effects in the ***,the molecular and cellular targets that mediate the sensitivity to low dose EtOH remain to be *** containingα6 subunits(α6*-nAChRs)shows a highly restricted distribution in midbrain dopaminergic neurons that are associated with drug dependence and ***,we report that low dose EtOH(0.1~5 mmol·L-1)significantly potentiatesα6*-nAChR function using patch-clamp whole-cell *** EtOH modulatesα6*-nAChR-mediated function depending on both EtOH and nicotine concentrations,representing a positive allosteric *** conclusion,our results demonstrate a functionalα6*-nAChR transfected in human SH-EP1 cells that can be used as an excellent cell model to investigateα6*-nAChR function and *** patch-clamp recording condition,low dose EtOH modulatesα6*-nAChR function as a positive allosteric *** this mechanism,brainα6*-nAChRs may play a critical role in mediating low dose alcohol’effects on alcohol reward and dependence.

关键词： EtOH mediate the sensitivity

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Intracranial Suppurations in Africa: Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2020年第2期10卷 244-253页

作者： Léon Boukassa Olivier Brice Ngackosso Sinclair Brice Kinata Hugues Brieux Ekouele Mbaki Department of surgery Division of Neurosurgery Brazzaville Academic Hospital Brazzaville Republic of Congo

Background: Intracranial suppurations (ICS) due to common causative microorganisms are still an important health problem in Africa. Their management, which has certainly been improved by technological developments, varies according to neurosurgical teams. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics, the causative microorganisms, the outcome, and provide relevant data on the current modalities of the care of ICS. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies on intracranial suppurations published in Africa between January 2002 and December 2018. We included studies which had at least 6 patients with ICS. Pubmed, Google and Google scholar were searched for relevant studies. A total of 17 studies were found, from which we define the epidemiological aspects, therapeutic, and evolutionary diagnostics. Results: A total of 1166 patients were identified, and they were categorized as follows: 531 cases of abscess, 272 of empyema and 363 of intracranial suppurations with incomplete data (ICSDI). The average age in ICSDI was 10.9 years. In abscesses and empyema, 75% of patients were under 40 years. There was a male predominance of 2.4 to 1. These intra-cranial suppurations in general complicated mainly loco-regional infections. The classic triad was dominated by headache (66.5%), fever (59.4%) and neurological deficits (46.1%). The CT rarely associated with the MRI, had shown a predominance of supra-tentorial sites (92.5%) of which 37.5% was in frontal region. Of the 380 microorganisms isolated, Gram positive represented 68.9%, Gram negative 17.7% and anaerobic 13.4%. The treatment was medico-surgical (79.5%). It associated a triple antibiotherapy and a trepano-puncture. It had achieved healing in 88.2% of which 20.4% had sequelae. Case fatality rate was 11.8%. Conclusion: ICS constitute during this century, a health problem whose solution passes by the adequate treatment of loco-regional infections, their main sources.

关键词： Intracranial Suppuration Abscess Empyema

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Drugging SUMOylation for neuroprotection and oncotherapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 415-416页

作者： Joshua D. Bernstock Daniel G. Ye Yang-ja Lee Florian Gessler Gregory K. Friedman Wei Zheng John M. Hallenbeck Stroke Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH) Bethesda MD USA Department of Clinical Neurosciences - division of Stem Cell Neurobiology Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge UK Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences National Institutes of Health (NCATS/NIH) Bethesda MD USA

Recently there have been exciting research advances in neuroprotective therapies for ischemic stroke. In the past, the search for neu- roprotective agents has been fraught with failure at the clinical trials stage due to numerous factors, including subject heterogeneity and improper therapeutic windows （Tymianski, 2017）. Moreover, it is becoming clearer that the complex and evolving pathobiology of stroke requires multimodal therapeutic approaches capable of modulating the numerous axes that contribute to ischemia/reperfusion damage, rather than targeting a single axis （Bernstock et al., 2018a）. With the success of recent endovascular thrombectomy （EVT） trials, it has been suggested that clinical trials of EVT with adjunct neuroprotection can overcome past difficulties and maximize the effect size by using imaging to reduce patient heterogeneity （i. e., selecting those with large vessel occlusions, small ischemic cores, and good collateral circulation）, restoring perfusion using better EVT devices, and enrolling patients in the correct therapeutic window （i.e., when they still have salvageable brain tissue）（Tymianski, 2017）. Considering the opportunity that this represents for new, better clinical trials of neuroprotective agents, the search is on for high-potential compounds that may be investigated in these future studies.

关键词： Drugging SUMOylation for neuroprotection and oncotherapy OGD

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Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第2期5卷 146-151页

作者： Huijuan Jin Candong Hong Shengcai Chen Yifan Zhou Yong Wang Ling Mao Yanan Li Quanwei He Man Li Ying Su David Wang Longde Wang Bo Hu Department of Neurology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Neurovascular division Department of NeurologyBarrow Neurological Institute/Saint Joseph Hospital Medical CenterPhoenixAZUSA Stroke Prevention and Control Steering Committee National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijingChina

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)has become a pandemic disease *** COVID-19 directly invades lungs,it also involves the nervous ***,patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment *** become silent contagious sources or‘virus spreaders’.In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence,development and prognosis,we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID‐*** can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment.

关键词： prevention involvement prognosis

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The Fate of Abstracts Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurologic Surgeons

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2016年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Cameron A. Elliott Vivek Mehta Candice Poon Monika Oliver Sita Gourishankar division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Canada division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Calgary Calgary Canada Faculty of Science University of Alberta Edmonton Canada division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

The purpose of this study was to determine the publication rate and time to publication following abstract presentation at a major neurosurgical meeting, namely the 2005 annual meeting of the Congress of neurological Surgeons (CNS). We reviewed all 754 abstracts presented at the 2005 CNS annual meeting to determine publication status and identify factors that are associated with publication. A standardized database search was conducted to determine publication status. Predictors of publication were examined. Of the 754 abstracts presented, 383 (50.8%) were published after 5.3 years. The median time to publication was 450 days (range-646 to 1953 days) with 16% being published prior to the meeting. Oral presentations had a publication rate of 64.0% compared to 48.3% for poster presentations. Of the abstracts not published prior to the meeting, 77% were published within 3 years of the meeting. In univariate analysis, neuro-oncology abstracts (OR 1.88;95% CI 1.34 - 2.64;p < 0.001) and abstracts selected for oral presentation (OR 1.97;95% CI 1.30 - 2.99;p = 0.001) had a significantly higher likelihood of publication. These associations remained independent in multivariate analysis. Neuro-oncology abstracts (p = 0.004), basic science research (p = 0.003) and abstracts selected for oral presentation (p = 0.036) were published in higher impact factor journals. Half of presentations at the annual CNS meeting will be published in peer-reviewed journals with a median time to publication of 450 days. Neuro-oncology abstracts and those abstracts selected for oral presentation have a significantly higher likelihood of publication.

关键词： CNS Impact Factor Publication Rate

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Antithrombotic therapy in patients with COVID-19:indications,pharmacotherapy and controversy

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第4期8卷 263-265页

作者： David Wang Christopher Leo Liping Liu Li Huang Lisa Huang Yun Lu Department of Neurology Petznick Stroke CenterBarrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Medicine/division of General Internal Medicine/Hospital Medicine Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit(NICU) Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research Center for neurological Diseases BeijingChina Doctors Medical Center ModestoCaliforniaUSA Chesapeake Regional Medical Center ChesapeakeVirginiaUSA Hennepin Healthcare System and the University of Minnesota MinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Hypercoagulability associated with COVID-19 infection increases risks for either venous or arterial thrombotic events(ATEs)or both.1 For hospitalised patients with COVID-19,the incidence of venous thromboembolism(VTE)was 4.5%2;the rate among patients with crit-ical illness was 27.9%as compared with those not critically ill(7.1%).The exact mechanism of COVID-19-related thrombotic events is ***,it may partially be related to Virchow triad:alternation of blood flow(stasis),vascular endothelial injury by SARS-CoV 2 virus and alteration of the constituents of the blood including inherited or acquired hypercoagulable ***,it is a challenge to evaluate the thromboembolic risk,select an appropriate antithrombotic agent and decide on the doses and duration of therapy in these *** international and American societies have published clinical guidelines that reviewed evaluation of coagulation abnormalities in patients with COVID-19.3-6 To balance the risk of bleeding and preventing or treating thromboembolic events,a simplified practical summarisation is needed.

关键词： patients thrombotic doses

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Upper Cervical Spine Infection. Complication of Hypopharyngeal Injury

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery 2016年第2期5卷 96-102页

作者： Ghassan Skaf Elias Elias division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon

Background: We describe a rare case of Candida albicans retropharyngeal infection with upper cervical spondylodiscitis associated with epidural abscess triggered by ingestion of a chicken bone. Case Description: A 63-year-old woman presented with posterior neck and bilateral shoulders pain three weeks after choking on a 2-centimeter chicken bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess with significant spinal cord compression at C2 and C3 levels. A Barium swallow showed a focal disruption of the posterior wall of the esophagus. A posterior upper cervical fixation (C2-C5) was initially performed. One week later an anterior decompressive procedure was carried out followed by iliac crest bony fusion, and repair of the esophageal defect. Intra-operative cultures showed heavy growth of Candida albicans. After a transitory post-operative neurologic worsening, and after six weeks of appropriate antifungal therapy, the patient achieved a full clinical and radiologic recovery. Conclusion: Prompt surgical debridement, fusion and stabilization combined with adequate antimicrobial agents are necessary to guarantee a good outcome and reverse the neurological deficits.

关键词： Osteomyelitis Cervical Spine Discitis Retropharyngeal Abscess Candida albicans

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