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Security Strategy of Digital Medical Contents Based on Blockchain in Generative AI Model

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 259-278页

作者： Hoon Ko Marek R.Ogiela division of Computer Science and Engineering Sunmoon UniversityAsan31460Republic of Korea AGH University of Krakow Cryptography and Cognitive Informatics LaboratoryKrakow30-059Poland

This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing the security of visual medical data in the generative AI environment through the integration of blockchain *** combining the strengths of blockchain and generative AI,the research team aimed to address the timely challenge of safeguarding visual medical *** participating researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis,examining the vulnerabilities of medical AI services,personal information protection issues,and overall security *** multi faceted exploration led to an indepth evaluation of the model’s performance and ***,the correlation between accuracy,detection rate,and error rate was *** analysis revealed insights into the model’s strengths and limitations,while the consideration of standard deviation shed light on the model’s stability and performance *** study proposed practical improvements,emphasizing the reduction of false negatives to enhance detection rate and leveraging blockchain technology to ensure visual data integrity in medical *** blockchain to generative AI-created medical content addresses key personal information protection *** utilizing the distributed ledger system of blockchain,the research team aimed to protect the privacy and integrity of medical data especially medical *** approach not only enhances security but also enables transparent and tamperproof ***,the use of generative AI models ensures the creation of novel medical content without compromising personal information,further safeguarding patient *** conclusion,this study showcases the potential of blockchain-based solutions in the medical field,particularly in securing sensitive medical data and protecting patient *** proposed approach,combining blockchain and generative AI,offers a promising direction toward more robust and secure medical content *** research and advancements

关键词： Digitalmedical content medical diagnostic visualization security analysis generativeAI blockchain vulnerability pattern recognition

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Potential mechanism of corpus-predominant gastritis after PPI therapy in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with GERD

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 11962-11965页

作者： Ken-ichi Mukaisho Tadashi Hagiwara Takahisa Nakayama Takanori Hattori Hiroyuki Sugihara Department of Pathology Division of Molecular Diagnostic PathologyShiga University of Medical ScienceSeta-tsukinowa-choOtsuShiga 520-2192Japan

The long-term use of proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)exacerbates corpus atrophic gastritis in patients with Helicobacter pylori(***)*** identify a potential mechanism for this change,we discuss interactions between pH,bile acids,and *** reflux,which includes bile,occurs in healthy individuals,and bile reflux is increased in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Diluted human plasma and bile acids have been found to be significant chemoattractants and chemorepellents,respectively,for the bacillus *** only taurine conjugates,with a pKa of 1.8-1.9,are soluble in an acidic environment,glycine conjugates,with a pKa of 4.3-5.2,as well as taurine-conjugated bile acids are soluble in the presence of PPI ***,the soluble bile acid concentrations in the gastric contents of patients with GERD after continuous PPI therapy are considerably higher than that in those with intact acid *** the distal stomach,the high concentration of soluble bile acids is likely to act as a bactericide or chemorepellent for *** contrast,the mucous layer in the proximal stomach has an optimal bile concentration that forms chemotactic gradients with plasma components required to direct *** to the epithelial *** may then colonize in the stomach body rather than in the pyloric antrum,which may explain the occurrence of corpus-predominant gastritis after PPI therapy in ***-positive patients with GERD.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Proton pump inhibitor Corpus-predominant gastritis Bile acids Gastroesophageal reflux disease Chemotactic gradient

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Recent advances in exploring new blood-based biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 35-45页

作者： Xinyu Peng Qian Ma Da Han School of Life Science Shanghai University Institute of molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Research and Development Intellinosis Biotechnologies Co.Ltd.

Gastric cancer(GC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. The absence of distinctive symptoms often leads to late-stage diagnosis, contributing to a grim prognosis. Early detection is pivotal for improving the survival rates and outcomes of GC patients. Traditional diagnostic methods, including gastroscopy and histopathological examination, are restricted in the early diagnosis of GC. Conventional protein biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4), exhibit insufficient sensitivity and specificity for GC screening, which diminishes their clinical value. Recently, novel circulating biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells(CTCs), circulating tumor cell DNA(ct DNA), and circulating free RNA(cf RNA), have emerged as promising candidates in the burgeoning field of liquid biopsy due to their superior sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on the latest research on blood-based biomarkers for GC diagnosis and examines the clinical potentials and challenges associated with these emerging biomarkers.

关键词： gastric cancer early diagnosis blood

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Comprehensive molecular characterization to predict immunotherapy response in advanced biliary tract cancer:a phase II trial of pembrolizumab

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 57-65页

作者： RYUL KIM JOO KYUNG PARK MINSUK KWON MINAE AN JUNG YONG HONG JOON OH PARK SUNG HEE LIM SEUNG TAE KIM division of Hematology-Oncology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea Department of Hematology-Oncology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon-siGyeonggi-doKorea Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea

Background:Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are effective in a subset of patients with metastatic solid ***,the patients who would benefit most from ICIs in biliary tract cancer(BTC)are still *** and methods:We molecularly characterized tissues and blood from 32 patients with metastatic BTC treated with the ICI pembrolizumab as second-line ***:All patients had microsatellite stable(MSS)type *** of the 32 patients achieved partial response(PR),with an objective response rate(ORR)of 9.4%(95%confidence interval[CI],2.0–25.2)and nine showed stable disease(SD),exhibiting a disease control rate(DCR)of 37.5%(95%CI,21.1–56.3).For the 31 patients who had access to PD-1 ligand 1(PD-L1)combined positive score(CPS)testing(cut-off value≥1%),the ORR was not different between those who had PD-L1-positive(PD-L1+;1/11,9.1%)and PDL1-(2/20,10.0%)tumors(p=1.000).The tumor mutational burden(TMB)of PD-L1+BTC was comparable to that of PD-L1-BTC(p=0.630).TMB and any exonic somatic mutations were also not predictive of pembrolizumab *** analysis of blood and tumor samples demonstrated a relatively high natural killer(NK)cell proportion in the peripheral blood before pembrolizumab treatment in patients who achieved tumor ***,the tumors of these patients presented high enrichment scores for NK cells,antitumor cytokines,and Th1 signatures,and a low enrichment score for cancer-associated ***:This study shows the molecular characteristics associated with the efficacy of pembrolizumab in BTC of the MSS type.

关键词： Pembrolizumab Whole-exome sequencing Whole-transcriptome sequencing Biliary tract cancer

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Targeting RAF dimers in RAS mutant tumors:From biology to clinic

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 1895-1923页

作者： Huanhuan Yin Qiulin Tang Hongwei Xia Feng Bi division of Abdominal Cancer Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in OncologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

RAS mutations occur in approximately 30%of tumors worldwide and have a poor prognosis due to limited *** targeting of KRAS G12C has achieved significant success in recent years,but there is still a lack of efficient therapeutic approaches for tumors with non-G12C KRAS mutations.A highly promising approach is to target the MAPK pathway downstream of RAS,with a particular focus on RAF ***-generation RAF inhibitors have been authorized to treat BRAF mutant tumors for over a ***,their use in RAS-mutated tumors is not recommended due to the paradoxical ERK activation mainly caused by RAF *** address the issue of RAF dimerization,type II RAF inhibitors have emerged as leading *** clinical studies have shown the initial effectiveness of these agents against RAS mutant ***,type II RAF inhibitors in combination with MEK or ERK inhibitors have demonstrated impressive efficacy in RAS mutant *** review aims to clarify the importance of RAF dimerization in cellular signaling and resistance to treatment in tumors with RAS mutations,as well as recent progress in therapeutic approaches to address the problem of RAF dimerization in RAS mutant tumors.

关键词： RAS mutations RAF dimerization RAF inhibitors Cancer therapy Drug resistance

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Perimuscular connective tissue contains more and larger lymphatic vessels than the shallower layers in human gallbladders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第33期13卷 4480-4483页

作者： Masayuki Nagahashi Yoshio Shirai Toshifumi Wakai Jun Sakata Yoichi Ajioka Katsuyoshi Hatakeyama division of Digestive and General Surgery Niigata University Graduate School of Medicaland Dental Sciences Niigata Japan division of molecular and diagnostic Pathology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Asahimachi-dori Niigata City Japan

AIM： To clarify whether perimuscular connective tissue contains more lymphatic vessels than the shallower layers in human gallbladders. METHODS： Lymphatic vessels were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibody D2-40, which is a specific marker of lymphatic endothelium, in representative sections of 12 normal human gallbladders obtained at the time of resection for colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. In individual gallbladder specimens, nine high-power （×200） fields with the highest lymphatic vessel density （LVD）, termed ＂hot spots＂; were identified for each layer （mucosa, muscle layer, and perimuscular connective tissue）. In individual hot spots, the LVD and relative lymphatic vessel area （LVA） were measured microscopically using a computer-aided image analysis system. The mean LVD and LVA values for the nine hot spots in each layer were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS： In the mucosa, muscle layer, and perimuscular connective tissue, the LVD was 16.1 ± 9.2, 35.4 ± 15.7, and 65.5 ± 12.2, respectively, and the LVA was 0.4 ± 0.4, 2.1 ± 1.1, and 9.4 ± 2.6, respectively. Thus, both the LVD and LVA differed significantly （P 〈 0.001 and P 〈 0.001, respectively; KruskaI-Wallis test） among the individual layers of the wall of the gallbladder, with the highest LVD and LVA values in the perimuscular connective tissue. Most （98 of 108） of the hot spots within the perimuscular connective tissue were located within 500 μm of the lower border of the muscle layer. CONCLUSION： The perimuscular connective tissue contains more and larger lymphatic vessels than the shallower layers in the human gallbladder. This observation partly explains why the incidence of lymph node metastasis is high in T2 （tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue） or more advanced gallbladder carcinoma.

关键词： Gallbladder Lymphatic vessels Monoclonal antibody D2-40 Gallbladder neoplasms Lymphaticmetastasis

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ERK phosphorylation functions in invadopodia formation in tongue cancer cells in a novel silicate fibre-based 3D cell culture system

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第4期10卷 253-262页

作者： Masaharu Noi Ken-Ichi Mukaisho Saori Yoshida Shoko Murakami Shinya Koshinuma Takeshi Adachi Yoshisato Machida Masashi Yamori Takahisa Nakayama Gaku Yamamoto Hiroyuki Sugihara Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Shiga University of Medical Science Department of Pathology Division of Molecular Diagnostic PathologyShiga University of Medical Science Dental Oral Surgery Nagahama Red Cross Hospital

To screen for additional treatment targets against tongue cancer, we evaluated the contributions of extracellular signal-related kinase(ERK), AKT and ezrin in cancer development. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ERK and ezrin expressions were significantly higher in invasive squamous cell carcinoma than in carcinoma in situ. To investigate the roles of ERK and ezrin in cancer development, we used the non-woven silica fibre sheet Cellbedwith a structure resembling the loose connective tissue morphology in a novel 3 D culture system. We confirmed that the 3 D system using CellbedTMaccurately mimicked cancer cell morphology in vivo. Furthermore, cell projections were much more apparent in 3 D-cultured tongue cancer cell lines than in 2 D cultures. Typically, under conventional 2 D culture conditions, F-actin and cortactin are colocalized in the form of puncta within ***, in the 3 D-cultured cells, colocalization was mainly observed at the cell margins, including the projections. Projections containing F-actin and cortactin colocalization were predicted to be invadopodia. Although suppressing ezrin expression with small interfering RNA transfection caused no marked changes in morphology, cell projection formation was decreased, and the tumour thickness in vertical sections after 3 D culture was markedly decreased after suppressing ERK activity because both the invasion ability and proliferation were inhibited. An association between cortactin activation as well as ERK activity and invadopodia formation was detected. Our novel 3 D culture systems using Cellbed? are simple and useful for in vitro studies before conducting animal experiments. ERK contributes to tongue cancer development by increasing both cancer cell proliferation and migration via cortactin activation.

关键词： ERK phosphorylation functions in invadopodia formation in tongue cancer cells in a novel silicate fibre-based 3D cell culture sy HSC

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Appropriate leucine-richα-2 glycoprotein cut-off value for Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第32期11卷 7753-7760页

作者： Masanao Yamazato Shunichi Yanai Tomofumi Oizumi Makoto Eizuka Shun Yamada Yosuke Toya Noriyuki Uesugi Tamotsu Sugai Takayuki Matsumoto division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahaba 028-3695Japan division of molecular diagnostic Pathology Iwate Medical UniversityYahaba 028-3695Japan

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that serum leucine-richα-2 glycoprotein(LRG)could be a novel monitoring biomarker for the assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel *** particular,the relationship between LRG levels and the endoscopically assessed activity of ulcerative colitis(UC)has become a matter of *** To clarify appropriate LRG cut-off values for the prediction of endoscopic and histologic remission in Japanese patients with *** This was a cross-sectional,single-center,observational study of Japanese patients with *** 213 patients with UC,in whom LRG was measured from September 2020 to February 2022,we recruited 30 patients for whom a total colonoscopy and measurements of LRG and C-reactive protein(CRP)were performed on the same *** retrospectively analyzed correlations between the LRG and CRP levels and endoscopic indices,including the Mayo endoscopic subscore and UC endoscopic index of *** Correlations between the LRG values and the Mayo endoscopic subscore or UC endoscopic index of severity were significant(r=0.754,P<0.0001;r=0.778,P<0.0001,respectively).There were also significant correlations between CRP levels and Mayo endoscopic subscore or UC endoscopic index of severity(r=0.599,P=0.0005;r=0.563,P=0.0012,respectively),although the correlation coefficients were higher for *** LRG cutoff value for predicting endoscopic remission was 13.4μg/mL for a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0[area under the curve(AUC):0.871;95%confidence interval(CI):0.744-0.998],and 13.4μg/mL for an UC endoscopic index of severity of 0 or 1(AUC:0.904;95%CI:0.792-1.000).CONCLUSION LRG may be a surrogate marker for endoscopic activity in UC,with a cut-off value of around 13.4μg/mL for endoscopically inactive disease.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein C-reactive protein Japanese patients

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Curcumin reverses T cell-mediated adaptive immune dysfunctions in tumor-bearing hosts

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2010年第4期7卷 306-315页

作者： Sankar Bhattacharyya Dewan Md Sakib Hossain Suchismita Mohanty Gouri Sankar Sen Sreya Chattopadhyay Shuvomoy Banerjee Juni Chakraborty Kaushik Das Diptendra Sarkar Tanya Das Gaurisankar Sa division of molecular Medicine Bose InstituteKolkataIndia

Immune dysfunction is well documented during tumor progression and likely contributes to tumor immune ***81 cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)are involved in antigen-specific tumor destruction and CD41 T cells are essential for helping this CD81 T cell-dependent tumor *** often target and inhibit T-cell function to escape from immune *** dysfunction includes loss of effector and memory T cells,bias towards type 2 cytokines and expansion of T regulatory(Treg)*** has previously been shown to have antitumor activity and some research has addressed the immunoprotective potential of this plant-derived polyphenol in tumor-bearing *** we examined the role of curcumin in the prevention of tumor-induced dysfunction of T cell-based immune *** observed severe loss of both effector and memory T-cell populations,downregulation of type 1 and upregulation of type 2 immune responses and decreased proliferation of effector T cells in the presence of ***,in turn,prevented this loss of T cells,expanded central memory T cell(TCM)/effector memory T cell(TEM)populations,reversed the type 2 immune bias and attenuated the tumor-induced inhibition of T-cell proliferation in tumor-bearing *** investigation revealed that tumor burden upregulated Treg cell populations and stimulated the production of the immunosuppressive cytokines transforming growth factor(TGF)-b and IL-10 in these ***,however,inhibited the suppressive activity of Treg cells by downregulating the production of TGF-b and IL-10 in these *** importantly,curcumin treatment enhanced the ability of effector T cells to kill cancer ***,our observations suggest that the unique properties of curcumin may be exploited for successful attenuation of tumor-induced suppression of cell-mediated immune responses.

关键词： CD41/CD81 T cell Effector T cell T-regulatory cell FoxP3 Th1/Th2

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Initial experience from a combination of systemic and regional chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with nonresectable cholangiocellular carcinoma in the liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第8期11卷 1091-1095页

作者： Timm Kirchhoff Lars Zender Sonja Merkesdal Bernd Frericks Nisar Malek Joerg Bleck Stefan Kubicka Stefan Baus Ajay Chavan Michael P.Manns Michael Galanski Department of diagnostic Radiology Department of Gastroenterology division of Rheumatology Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

AIM: In nonresectable cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC)therapeutic options are limited. Recently, systemic chemotherapy has shown response rates of up to 30%.Additional regional therapy of the arterially hyper vascularized hepatic tumors might represent a rational approach in an attempt to further improve response and palliation. Hence, a protocol combining transarterial chemoembolization and systemic chemotherapy was applied in patients with CCC limited to the ***: Eight patients (6 women, 2 men, mean age 62 years) with nonresectable CCC received systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine 1 000 mg/m2) and additional transarterial chemoembolization procedures (50 mg/m2cisplatin, 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin, up to 600 mg degradable starch microspheres). Clinical follow-up of patients, tumor markers, CT and ultrasound were performed to evaluate maximum response and ***: Both systemic and regional therapies were tolerated well; no severe toxicity (WHO Ⅲ/Ⅳ) was encountered. Nausea and fever were the most commonly observed side effects. A progressive rarefication of the intrahepatic arteries limited the maximum number of chemoembolization procedures in 4 patients. A median of 2 chemoembolization cycles (range, 1-3) and a median of 6.5 gemcitabine cycles (range, 4-11) were *** responses were not achieved. As maximum response, partial responses were achieved in 3 cases,stable diseases in 5 cases. Two patients died from progressive disease after 9 and 10 mo. Six patients are still alive. The current median survival is 12 mo (range, 9-18); the median time to tumor progression is 7 mo (range, 3-18). Seven patients suffered from tumor-related symptoms prior to therapy, 3 of these experienced a treatment-related clinical relief. In one patient the tumor became resectable under therapy and was successfully removed after 10 ***: The present results indicate that a combination of systemic gemcitabine therapy and repeated regional chemoembolizati

关键词： Cholangiocellular carcinoma Gemcitabine Intraarterial chemoembolization

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