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Soft metamaterial with programmable ferromagnetism

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 217-223页

作者： Kerem Kaya Emre Iseri Wouter van der Wijngaart division of micro and nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden

Magnetopolymers are of interest in smart material applications;however,changing their magnetic properties post synthesis is *** this study,we introduce easily programmable polymer magnetic composites comprising 2D lattices of droplets of solid-liquid phase change material,with each droplet containing a single magnetic dipole *** composites are ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature defined by the rotational freedom of the particles above the droplet melting *** demonstrate magnetopolymers combining high remanence characteristics with Curie temperatures below the composite degradation *** easily reprogram the material between four states:(1)a superparamagnetic state above the melting point which,in the absence of an external magnetic field,spontaneously collapses to;(2)an artificial spin ice state,which after cooling forms either;(3)a spin glass state with low bulk remanence,or;(4)a ferromagnetic state with high bulk remanence when cooled in the presence of an external magnetic *** observe the spontaneous emergence of 2D magnetic vortices in the spin ice and elucidate the correlation of these vortex structures with the external bulk *** also demonstrate the easy programming of magnetically latching structures.

关键词： composites composite ferromagnetic

Transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： M.NAVEED M.IMRAN T.ASGHAR Z.ABBAS Department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

This paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. The influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. To depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(HAM).The effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

关键词： analytical solution Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux chemical reaction gyrotactic microorganism hybrid nanofluid O368 oscillating curved stretchable sheet

Advances in TENGs for Marine Energy Harvesting and In Situ Electrochemistry

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Nano-micro Letters 2025年第5期 548-611页

作者： Chuguo Zhang Yijun Hao Xiangqian Lu Wei Su Hongke Zhang Zhong Lin Wang Xiuhan Li School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences

The large-scale use of ample marine energy will be one of the most important ways for human to achieve sustainable development through carbon neutral development *** a burgeoning technological method for electromechanical conversion,triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has significant advantages in marine energy for its low weight,cost-effectiveness,and high efficiency in low-frequency *** can realize the efficient and economical harvesting of low-frequency blue energy by constructing the floating marine energy harvesting *** paper firstly introduces the power transfer process and structural composition of TENG for marine energy harvesting in *** addition,the latest research works of TENG on marine energy harvesting in basic research and structural design are systematically reviewed by ***,the advanced research progress in the power take-off types and engineering study of TENG with the marine energy are comprehensively ***,the challenges and problems faced by TENG in marine energy and in situ electrochemical application are summarized and the corresponding prospects and suggestions are proposed for the subsequent development direction and prospects to look forward to promoting the commercialization process of this field.

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Vertical integration of microchips by magnetic assembly and edge wire bonding

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1233-1246页

作者： Federico Ribet Xiaojing Wang Miku Laakso Simone Pagliano Frank Niklaus Niclas Roxhed Goran Stemme division of micro and nanosystems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyMalvinas vag 1010044 StockholmSweden

The out-of-plane integration of microfabricated planar microchips into functional three-dimensional(3D)devices is a challenge in various emerging MEMS applications such as advanced biosensors and flow ***,no conventional approach currently provides a versatile solution to vertically assemble sensitive or fragile microchips into a separate receiving substrate and to create electrical *** this study,we present a method to realize vertical magnetic-field-assisted assembly of discrete silicon microchips into a target receiving substrate and subsequent electrical contacting of the microchips by edge wire bonding,to create interconnections between the receiving substrate and the vertically oriented *** assembly is achieved by combining carefully designed microchip geometries for shape matching and striped patterns of the ferromagnetic material(nickel)on the backside of the microchips,enabling controlled vertical lifting directionality independently of the microchip’s aspect *** form electrical connections between the receiving substrate and a vertically assembled microchip,featuring standard metallic contact electrodes only on its frontside,an edge wire bonding process was developed to realize ball bonds on the top sidewall of the vertically placed *** top sidewall features silicon trenches in correspondence to the frontside electrodes,which induce deformation of the free air balls and result in both mechanical ball bond fixation and around-the-edge metallic *** edge wire bonds are realized at room temperature and show minimal contact resistance(168 mN in pull tests).In our approach,the microchips and the receiving substrate are independently manufactured using standard silicon micromachining processes and materials,with a subsequent heterogeneous integration of the ***,this integration technology potentially enables emerging MEMS applications that requ

关键词： bonding Vertical magnetic

A customizable,low-power,wireless,embedded sensing platform for resistive nanoscale sensors

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 111-121页

作者： Stefan Nedelcu Kishan Thodkar Christofer Hierold micro-and nanosystems Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichTannenstrasse 38092 ZurichSwitzerland

Customizable,portable,battery-operated,wireless platforms for interfacing high-sensitivity nanoscale sensors are a means to improve spatiotemporal measurement coverage of physical *** a platform can enable the expansion of IoT for environmental and lifestyle *** we report a platform capable of acquiring currents ranging from 1.5 nA to 7.2μA full-scale with 20-bit resolution and variable sampling rates of up to 3.125 *** addition,it features a bipolar voltage programmable in the range of-10 V to+5 V with a 3.65 mV resolution.A Finite State Machine steers the system by executing a set of embedded *** FSM allows for dynamic,customized adjustments of the nanosensor bias,including elevated bias schemes for self-heating,measurement range,bandwidth,sampling rate,and measurement time ***,it enables data logging on external memory(SD card)and data transmission over a Bluetooth low energy *** average power consumption of the platform is 64.5 mW for a measurement protocol of three samples per second,including a BLE advertisement of a 0 dBm transmission power.A state-of-the-art(SoA)application of the platform performance using a CNT nanosensor,exposed to NO_(2) gas concentrations from 200 ppb down to 1 ppb,has been *** sensor signals are measured for NO_(2) concentrations of 1 ppb,the 3σlimit of detection(LOD)of 23 ppb is determined(1σ:7 ppb)in slope detection mode,including the sensor signal variations in repeated *** platform’s wide current range and high versatility make it suitable for signal acquisition from resistive nanosensors such as silicon nanowires,carbon nanotubes,graphene,and other 2D *** with its overall low power consumption,the proposed platform is highly suitable for various sensing applications within the context of IoT.

关键词： power IoT enable

Over 200 times current enhancement via buckling triboelectric nanogenerator at ultra-low speed for monitoring the swelling of lithium ion batteries

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Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 148-152页

作者： Maoyi Zhang Chaosheng Hu Tongtong Zhang Chris R.Bowen Rui Li YongAn Huang Yewang Su Zhong Lin Wang Ya Yang Beijing Key Laboratory of micro-Nano Energy and Sensor Center for High-Entropy Energy and SystemsBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AKUK State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332-0245USA

Sensors deployed within the Internet of Things(Io T)require a stable and continuous electrical energy supply[1].The traditional approach to provide an energy supply relies primarily on battery power,which has specific shortcomings;these include integration difficulties,the need for frequent charging or replacement,and environmental pollution associated with battery production and *** solve the challenge of delivering an energy supply to sensors,researchers have designed self-powered sensors or have produced power for sensors by scavenging mechanical energy from the surrounding *** generators[2],piezoelectric generators[3]and triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)[4,5]are common approaches to scavenge mechanical *** have been widely used in the development of self-powered sensors and the supply of electrical energy to sensors due to their high performance,low cost,and wide range of potential materials[6].

关键词： battery buckling swelling

Capillary pumping independent of the liquid surface energy and viscosity

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 423-429页

作者： Weijin Guo Jonas Hansson Wouter van der Wijngaart micro and nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyOsquldas väg 10Stockholm 10044Sweden

Capillary pumping is an attractive means of liquid actuation because it is a passive mechanism,i.e.,it does not rely on an external energy supply during *** capillary flow rate generally depends on the liquid sample viscosity and surface *** poses a problem for capillary-driven systems that rely on a predictable flow rate and for which the sample viscosity or surface energy are not precisely ***,we introduce the capillary pumping of sample liquids with a flow rate that is constant in time and independent of the sample viscosity and sample surface *** features are enabled by a design in which a well-characterized pump liquid is capillarily imbibed into the downstream section of the pump and thereby pulls the unknown sample liquid into the upstream pump *** downstream pump geometry is designed to exert a Laplace pressure and fluidic resistance that are substantially larger than those exerted by the upstream pump geometry on the sample ***,the influence of the unknown sample liquid on the flow rate is *** experimentally tested pumps of the new design with a variety of sample liquids,including water,different samples of whole blood,different samples of urine,isopropanol,mineral oil,and *** capillary filling speeds of these liquids vary by more than a factor 1000 when imbibed to a standard constant cross-section glass *** our new pump design,20 filling tests involving these liquid samples with vastly different properties resulted in a constant volumetric flow rate in the range of 20.96–24.76μL/*** expect this novel capillary design to have immediate applications in lab-on-a-chip systems and diagnostic devices.

关键词： viscosity capillary pump

A large-area single-filament infrared emitter and its application in a spectroscopic ethanol gas sensing system

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 19-29页

作者： Stephan Schrder Floria Ottonello Briano Henrik FfodjegSrd Maksym Bryzgalov Jonas Orelund Kristinn B.Gylfason Goran Stemme Frank Niklaus KTH Royal Institute of Technology Micro and NanosystemsMalvinas vag 10StockholmSweden SenseAir AB Stationsgatan 12DelsboSweden

Nondispersive infrared(NDIR)spectroscopy is an important technology for highly accurate and maintenance-free sensing of gases,such as ethanol and carbon ***,NDIR spectroscopy systems are currently too expensive,e.g.,for consumer and automotive applications,as the infrared(IR)emitter is a critical but costly component of these ***,we report on a low-cost large-area IR emitter featuring a broadband emission spectrum suitable for small NDIR gas spectroscopy *** infrared emitter utilizes Joule heating of a Kanthal(FeCrAI)filament that is integrated in the base substrate using an automated high-speed wire bonding process,enabling simple and rapid formation of a long meander-shaped *** describe the critical infrared emitter characteristics,including the effective infrared emission spectrum,thermal frequency response,and power ***,we integrate the emitter into a handheld breath alcohol analyzer and show its operation in both laboratory and real-world settings,thereby demonstrating the potential of the emitter for future low-cost optical gas sensor applications.

关键词： emitter utilize thereby

Integrating MEMS and ICs

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 165-180页

作者： Andreas C.Fischer Fredrik Forsberg Martin Lapisa Simon J.Bleiker Göran Stemme Niclas Roxhed Frank Niklaus Department of micro and nanosystems School of Electrical EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden

The majority of microelectromechanical system(MEMS)devices must be combined with integrated circuits(ICs)for operation in larger electronic *** MEMS transducers sense or control physical,optical or chemical quantities,ICs typically provide functionalities related to the signals of these transducers,such as analog-to-digital conversion,amplification,filtering and information processing as well as communication between the MEMS transducer and the outside ***,the vast majority of commercial MEMS products,such as accelerometers,gyroscopes and micro-mirror arrays,are integrated and packaged together with *** are a variety of possible methods of integrating and packaging MEMS and IC components,and the technology of choice strongly depends on the device,the field of application and the commercial *** this review paper,traditional as well as innovative and emerging approaches to MEMS and IC integration are *** include approaches based on the hybrid integration of multiple chips(multi-chip solutions)as well as system-on-chip solutions based on wafer-level monolithic integration and heterogeneous integration *** are important technological building blocks for the‘More-Than-Moore’paradigm described in the International Technology Roadmap for *** this paper,the various approaches are categorized in a coherent manner,their merits are discussed,and suitable application areas and implementations are critically *** implications of the different MEMS and IC integration approaches for packaging,testing and final system costs are reviewed.

关键词： cofabrication platforms integrated circuits(ICs) microelectromechanical system(MEMS) More-Than-Moore multichip modules(MCMs) system-in-package(SiP) system-on-chip(SoC) three-dimensional(3D)heterogeneous integration